Autoantibodies are frequently found in women with “unknown” or “unexplained” infertility, suggesting autoimmune processes can disrupt fertility or cause early pregnancy loss. Autoantibodies can exist in both women and men, causing infertility by attacking reproductive tissues (ovaries, sperm) or impairing implantation/hormonal balance, leading to conditions like premature ovarian failure, anti-sperm antibody issues, or systemic autoimmune diseases (lupus, APLS). These autoantibodies can activate immune responses, initiate inflammation, disrupt hormone signals (hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis), and damage reproductive organs by impairing embryo implantation and cause vascular issues in the uterus.
The key autoantibodies that can impact the reproductive system and cause infertility include the following:- Anti-Ovarian Antibodies (AOA): Attack ovaries, reducing egg count/quality, potentially causing premature menopause.
- Anti-Sperm Antibodies (ASA): Can be found in both men (damages sperm movement/survival) and women (attacks sperm), interfering with fertilization.
- Antiphospholipid Antibodies (aPL): Cause blood clots (antiphospholipid syndrome), harm placental function and cause miscarriage/infertility.
- Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA): Linked to unexplained infertility, recurrent miscarriages, and implantation failure (e.g., in systemic lupus).
- Anti-Thyroid Antibodies: Associated with unexplained infertility and miscarriage.
Reference:
- Šemeklienė B, Gradauskienė B. Infertility and Auto-Antibodies: A Review. Antibodies (Basel). 2025;14(3):76. Published 2025 Sep 5. doi:10.3390/antib14030076
- Koshak E, Atwah A, Aljedani R, Aljaied Y, Gaddoury MA. Common Autoimmune Antibodies in Unexplained Infertile Female Patients in Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2022;14(11):e31724. Published 2022 Nov 21. doi:10.7759/cureus.31724
- Taylor PV, Campbell JM, Scott JS. Presence of autoantibodies in women with unexplained infertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;161(2):377-379. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(89)90524-3
In addition to premade arrays, arrays containing customized sets of antigens are available, as well as array processing kits, array profiling services and data analysis. To order premade or custom arrays, please contact us.
GeneCopoeia’s OmicsArray™ Infertility and autoimmune antigen array is part of the GeneCopoeia OmicsArray™ Antigen Microarray family.
Premade Antigen Arrays
The listed price applies to academic customers. For custom arrays and services pricing, please contact us.
Prices are for customers from the U.S. and Canada only. For other customers, please contact your local distributor for details.
Antigen microarray processing kits and accessories
Prices are for customers from the U.S. and Canada only. For other customers, please contact your local distributor for details.
Custom services
GeneCopoeia offers custom antigen microarray services in the following areas:- Custom array printing. GeneCopoeia will create custom antigen microarrays built to your specifications.
- Sample processing. Send us your blood, plasma, tissue, or other biological sample and we will prepare it for processing and incubation with any of our premade antigen microarrays or custom-built antigen microarrays for autoantibody profiling and other applications. For information on sample types to submit, consult the FAQ
- Data analysis. Once samples are processed and incubated with an antigen microarray, we will analyze the raw data. The standard analysis service includes: 1) An Excel file of the Net Signal Intensity (NSI) for each antigen on the array, normalized to internal controls; and 2) a heat map
