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Chemokines and chemokine receptors

Introduction

Cancer is a collection of diseases characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled cellular growth caused primarily by genetic mutations. Based on their role in cancer progression, driver genes can be classified into two main categories: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Oncogene addiction refers to the phenomenon that certain tumours depend on one or more activated oncogenes, also known as driver oncogenes, to maintain their malignant biological phenotype.

Chemokines, or chemotactic cytokines, are a family of small cytokines or signaling proteins secreted by cells that induce directional movement of leukocytes, as well as other cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells. In addition to playing a major role in the activation of host immune responses, chemokines are important for biological processes, including morphogenesis and wound healing, as well as in the pathogenesis of diseases like cancers.

Chemokines have been classified into four main subfamilies: CXC, CC, CX3C and C. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, includes CCL14, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL25, CCL27, CXCL12 and CXCL13. This classification is not strict, for example, CCL20 can act also as pro-inflammatory chemokine. Others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. These chemokines are formed under pathological conditions (on pro-inflammatory stimuli, such as IL-1, TNF-alpha, LPS, or viruses) and actively participate in the inflammatory response attracting immune cells to the site of inflammation, such as CXCL-8, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CXCL10.

Chemokine receptors are G protein-coupled receptors containing 7 transmembrane domains that are found on the surface of leukocytes. Chemokine receptors associate with G-proteins to transmit cell signals following ligand binding. After receptor activation, the alpha- and beta-gamma-subunits of G protein dissociate to activate diverse downstream pathways resulting in cellular polarization and actin reorganization. Various members of small GTPases are involved in this process. Induction of nitric oxide and production of reactive oxygen species are as well regulated by chemokine signal via calcium mobilization and diacylglycerol production

Clone set information

Cat. no.	Species	Gene	Vector	Vector Type	Price
OC-GF023-M02	Human	69	pReceiver-M02	Expression-ready Non-viral	Inquire
OC-GF023-M35	Human	69	pReceiver-M35	Expression-ready Non-viral	Inquire
OC-GF023-M98	Human	69	pReceiver-M98	Expression-ready Non-viral	Inquire
OC-GF023-Lv105	Human	69	pReceiver-Lv105	Expression-ready Lentiviral	Inquire
OC-GF023-Lv242	Human	69	pReceiver-Lv242	Expression-ready Lentiviral	Inquire
OC-GF023-GC	Human	69	pDONR™ Vector	Gateway shuttle	Inquire

Clone list

For clone list please contact us at 1-301-762-0888 or inquiry@genecopoeia.com if you have any questions.

Symbol	Accession	Species	Description	ORF length(bp)	Product ID
CCR5	NM_000579.4	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), transcript variant A, mRNA.	1059	GC-Z0659
CXCL8	NM_000584.4	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), transcript variant 1, mRNA.	300	GC-I0329
CXCL12	NM_000609.7	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), transcript variant 2, mRNA.	282	GC-A0590
CXCR1	NM_000634.3	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1), mRNA.	1053	GC-A4417
CXCR4	NM_001008540.2	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), transcript variant 1, mRNA.	1071	GC-Z3039
ACKR1	NM_001122951.3	Human	Homo sapiens atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Duffy blood group) (ACKR1), transcript variant 1, mRNA.	1017	GC-G0554
CCR2	NM_001123041.3	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), transcript variant A, mRNA.	1125	GC-A1126
CCR2	NM_001123396.4	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), transcript variant B, mRNA.	1083	GC-X0921
CCL20	NM_001130046.2	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), transcript variant 2, mRNA.	288	GC-N0056
CXCR3	NM_001142797.2	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), transcript variant 2, mRNA.	1248	GC-Z6772
CX3CR1	NM_001171174.1	Human	Homo sapiens C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), transcript variant 1, mRNA.	1164	GC-Z9780
CXCL12	NM_001178134.2	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), transcript variant 4, mRNA.	423	GC-Z9616
CCL25	NM_001201359.2	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25), transcript variant 2, mRNA.	450	GC-Z9647
CXCL12	NM_001277990.2	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), transcript variant 5, mRNA.	312	GC-A4545
CCL5	NM_001278736.2	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), transcript variant 2, mRNA.	465	GC-I2496
ACKR2	NM_001296.5	Human	Homo sapiens atypical chemokine receptor 2 (ACKR2), mRNA.	1155	GC-Z7369
CCR7	NM_001301714.2	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), transcript variant 2, mRNA.	948	GC-A6108
CCR7	NM_001301716.2	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), transcript variant 3, mRNA.	1119	GC-A6109
CCL28	NM_001301875.2	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine ligand 28 (CCL28), transcript variant 4, mRNA.	243	GC-A6116
CXCL11	NM_001302123.2	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CXCL11), transcript variant 2, mRNA.	321	GC-A6118
CX3CL1	NM_001304392.3	Human	Homo sapiens C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1), transcript variant 2, mRNA.	939	GC-A6262
CX3CR1	NM_001337.4	Human	Homo sapiens C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), transcript variant 4, mRNA.	1068	GC-A1305
CXCR4	NM_001348056.2	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), transcript variant 3, mRNA.	1272	GC-A8035
CXCR4	NM_001348060.2	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), transcript variant 5, mRNA.	1014	GC-A8127
CXCR3	NM_001504.2	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), transcript variant 1, mRNA.	1107	GC-N0043
CXCL1	NM_001511.4	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), transcript variant 1, mRNA.	324	GC-G0095
CXCR2	NM_001557.4	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), transcript variant 1, mRNA.	1083	GC-A0079
CXCL10	NM_001565.4	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), transcript variant 1, mRNA.	297	GC-T7063
CXCR5	NM_001716.5	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5), transcript variant 1, mRNA.	1119	GC-A1294
CCR3	NM_001837.4	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3), transcript variant 1, mRNA.	1068	GC-A0619
ACKR1	NM_002036.4	Human	Homo sapiens atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Duffy blood group) (ACKR1), transcript variant 2, mRNA.	1011	GC-I1720
CXCL2	NM_002089.4	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2), mRNA.	324	GC-A0267
CXCL3	NM_002090.3	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CXCL3), mRNA.	324	GC-N0068
CXCL9	NM_002416.3	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), mRNA.	378	GC-A0353
PF4	NM_002619.4	Human	Homo sapiens platelet factor 4 (PF4), transcript variant 1, mRNA.	306	GC-G0251
PPBP	NM_002704.3	Human	Homo sapiens pro-platelet basic protein (PPBP), mRNA.	387	GC-G0161
CCL1	NM_002981.2	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1), mRNA.	291	GC-A0176
CCL2	NM_002982.4	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), mRNA.	300	GC-Q0327
CCL3	NM_002983.3	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), transcript variant 1, mRNA.	279	GC-Z2490
CCL4	NM_002984.4	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4), mRNA.	279	GC-A8645
CCL5	NM_002985.3	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), transcript variant 1, mRNA.	276	GC-A3676
CCL11	NM_002986.3	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11), mRNA.	294	GC-Z7461
CCL17	NM_002987.3	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17), mRNA.	285	GC-N0017
CCL18	NM_002988.4	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18), mRNA.	270	GC-N0039
CCL21	NM_002989.4	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21), mRNA.	405	GC-M0488
CCL22	NM_002990.5	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22), mRNA.	282	GC-Z9059
CCL24	NM_002991.3	Human	Homo sapiens C-C motif chemokine ligand 24 (CCL24), transcript variant 2, mRNA.	360	GC-A3100
CXCL6	NM_002993.4	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 6 (CXCL6), mRNA.	345	GC-Y2027
CXCL5	NM_002994.5	Human	Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5), mRNA.	345	GC-A1113
XCL1	NM_002995.3	Human	Homo sapiens X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (XCL1), mRNA.	345	GC-N0006