Introduction
Cancer is a collection of diseases characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled cellular growth caused primarily by genetic mutations. Based on their role in cancer progression, driver genes can be classified into two main categories: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Oncogene addiction refers to the phenomenon that certain tumours depend on one or more activated oncogenes, also known as driver oncogenes, to maintain their malignant biological phenotype.
For example, EGFR gene mutation is a common mutation in lung cancer, which makes the EGFR receptor persistently activated and the signalling process aberrant, leading to long-term uncontrolled cell proliferation and growth, and becoming one of the driver genes of lung cancer cells. Cancer cells require driver oncogenes for sustained function, whereas normal cells do not.
Therefore, targeting oncogenes as therapeutic targets allows targeted drugs to specifically kill tumour cells without damaging normal cells.
Martínez-Jiménez et al. present the Integrative OncoGenomics (IntOGen) pipeline, which applies to somatic mutations of more than 28,000 tumours of 66 cancer types reveals 568 cancer genes and points towards their mechanisms of tumorigenesis. These cancer driver genes’ identification has led to the development of the paradigm of targeted anticancer therapies and, more generally, to the search for genomic biomarkers of prognosis and response to treatments.
Clone set information
Clone list
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