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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for LILRB2(NM_005874.5) Search again
Powered by BiozBy default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Summary
This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4. The encoded protein belongs to the subfamily B class of LIR receptors which contain two or four extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain, and two to four cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). The receptor is expressed on immune cells where it binds to MHC class I molecules on antigen-presenting cells and transduces a negative signal that inhibits stimulation of an immune response. It is thought to control inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity to help focus the immune response and limit autoreactivity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq].
Gene References into function
- inhibitory receptors Ig-like transcript 2 (ILT2) and ILT4 compete with CD8 for MHC class I binding and bind preferentially to HLA-G
- Two single nucleotide polymorphisms of ILT4 were identified at positions 113 and 144 of domain 1, which is engaged in protein-protein interactions between APC and T cells.
- report that ILT2 receptor, ILT3 receptor, ILT4 receptor, and KIR2DL4 receptor expression is up-regulated by HLA-G histocompatibility antigen in antigen-presenting cells, natural killer cells, and T cells
- subtle structural differences between LILRB family members cause the distinct binding specificities to various forms of HLA-G and other MHCIs, which may in turn regulate immune suppression
- Blocking HLA-G receptors ILT2 and ILT4 prevents HLA-G inhibitory effects, leading to the conclusion that that HLA-G acts mainly through these receptors.
- constitutive cis binding between leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptor B2 or paired-Ig-like receptor B and major histocompatibility complex class I has an essential role in regulating allergic responses
- Tolerogenicity of professional and non-professional human APC, such as dendritic cells and endothelial cells, respectively is due to the upregulation of the inhibitory receptors ILT3 and ILT4.
- Progenitor mast cells expressed cell surface inhibitory LILRB2. Mature cord-blood-derived mast cells had detectable mRNA encoding multiple LILRs, none were expressed on the cell surface.
- our results suggest that both the nonfunctional LILRA3 alleles and the low-expressing LILRB2 alleles identified in our study have increased in Northeast Asians because of natural selection.
- The presence of LILRB1 in placental stromal cells and LILRB2 in vascular smooth muscle strongly suggest that HLA-G has novel functions in regulation of placental immunity, development and function of the extraembryonic vasculature.
- Triggering of ILT4 in vitro and in vivo by certain isoforms of HLA-G phosphorylates ILT4 receptor, recruits SHP-1 and SHP-2, up-regulates the expression of IL-6, and down-regulates the differentiation of DCs via the IL-6-STAT3 pathway.
- Membrane-associated ILT4 is a a novel receptor for CD1d antigen that inhibits CD1d-mediated immune responses by blocking the loading of lipid antigens such as alpha-galactosylceramide, consequently inhibiting natural killer (NK)T cell recognition.