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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for PTHLH(NM_198964.2) Search again
Product ID:
HQP159575
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
BDE2, HHM, PLP, PTHR, PTHRP
Gene Description:
parathyroid hormone like hormone
Target Gene Accession:
NM_198964.2(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the parathyroid hormone family. This hormone regulates endochondral bone development and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during the formation of the mammary glands and teeth. This hormone is involved in lactation possibly by regulating the mobilization and transfer of calcium to the milk. The receptor of this hormone, PTHR1, is responsible for most cases of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.
Gene References into function
- Translation initiation from non-AUG (CUG) start sites in the signal sequence, downstream of the initiator AUG codon, target PTHrP molecules exclusively to the nucleoli.
- Alternative, in-frame translation initiation from non-AUG (CUG and GUG) start sites, downstream of the initiator AUG, give rise to nuclear forms of parathyroid hormone-related protein.
- Data show that parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) mRNA and secreted protein levels are downregulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) via a transcriptional mechanism.
- Autocrine/paracrine involvement of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in vascular leiomyoma.
- Results indicate the presence of a PTH/PTHrP responsive element in the human COL10A1 enhancer.
- findings suggest that beta-arrestin 1 acts as an effector for a novel function of PTHrP in cytoplasm
- vascular sites of expression of PTHrP and its cognate receptor in the rheumatoid synovium and/or in cultured rheumatoid synovial endothelial cells
- first report demonstrating that PTHrP is produced in the myocardium and is increased in congestive heart failure
- PTHRP and its receptor are co-expressed more frequently in bone metastases of breast cancer
- Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte lines generated using PTH-rP peptide-pulsed dendritic cells have epitope peptide specificity, HLA-A(*)02.01 restriction, and the ability to kill HLA-A(*)02.01/PTH-rP-producing cancer cells.
- In conclusion, breast fibroblasts are constitutive PTHrP-producing cells with the potential for autocrine signaling through the PTH/PTHrP receptor
- PTH-rP may play a significant role in severe hypercalcemia in patients with metastatic melanoma
- results suggest that PTHrP may play a role in prostate tumor invasion and metastasis by influencing cell adhesion to the ECM via upregulation of specific integrin subunits
- androgens can regulate PTHrP production, and the androgen effect on PTHrP is mediated at least in part by transcriptional regulation via the androgen receptor
- results demonstrated a relationship between intensity of parathyroid hormone-related peptide expression and the survival time and development of distant metastases in patients with ductal mammary carcinoma
- Data show that 1,25 vitamin D3 recruited DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) to the chromatinized negative DNA element of the parathyroid hormone-related polypeptide (PTHrP) gene.
- 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and non-calcemic analogue EB1089 suppress PTHrP mRNA and protein levels in two prostate cancer cell lines; a PTHrP gene sequence element homologous to the negative vitamin D response element bound the vitamin D receptor
- findings suggest a potential mechanism by which PTHrP transcription may be regulated by Ets-1 as a consequence of events that promote tumorigenic behavior in breast epithelial cells
- replacement of PTHrP prevented the apoptotic changes and reduction of Bcl-2 expression in ATDC5 cells expressing the ACH mutant
- collagenases can be a downstream effector of PTH/PTHrP receptor action in trabecular bone, but not in periosteum.
- PTHRP binds to the extracellular face of the type 1 PTH receptor.
- High plasma levels of PTHrP in cancer-bearing patients contribute to the development of hypercalcemia and syndrome caused by an excess of pro-inflammatory cytokines
- role in programing skeletal development in utero
- Wild-type PTHrP-overexpressing breast cancer cells showed significantly higher laminin adhesion and migration, and Matrigel invasion than empty vector-transfectants or cells overexpressing NLS-mutated PTHrP.
- Data suggest that mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inactivation regulates parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)-stimulated AP-1 members, blocks PTHrP-stimulated IL-6, and down-regulates osteoblastic markers associated with differentiation.
- PTHrP increases the percentage of VSM cells in the S & in G2/M phases.These effects require critical serine & threonine residues at positions Ser119, Ser130, Thr132, & Ser138 in the carboxy-terminus of PTHrP & are associated with the PrB phosphorylation.
- PKA appears to have a role in the regulatory effects of PTHrP on lung cancer cell survival.
- Parathyroid hormone-related protein is involved not only in the maternal and fetal failures but also in the etiological aspects of the disease. We hypothesize that reduced local production of the peptide is a major causative event. Review.
- demonstrates cell-type specific expression of PTHrP mRNA isoforms, and disruption of the normal regulation during cancer progression may in part be associated with TGF-beta1-induced changes in PTHrP mRNA isoform expression and stability
- may play a role in colon cancer invasion and metastasis by increasing cell proliferation and adhesion to the ECM via upregulation of proinvasive integrin expression
- that PTHrP expression results in the skeletal progression of prostate cancer cells
- identification of proteins that might bind PTHrP at the cell surface of tumor cells, such as HSPprotein.
- The Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) plays a primary role in the development of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy seen in the majority of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 infection.
- Production of PTHrP by blast cells was favorably controlled by imatinib therapy alone in chrnoic myelogenous leukemia
- In cancer invasiveness in a breast cancer cell line, a novel humoral fibroblast-breast cancer cell interaction, mediated by PTHrp, can be recognised.
- PTHrP levels decrease in proportion to the severity of heart failure
- PTHrP has a profound effect on gene expression in breast cancer cells and, as a consequence, contributes to the regulation of important cellular activities, such as migration and proliferation
- The role of PTHrP in breast cancer growth and metastasis may be mediated via upregulation of integrin alpha6beta4 expression and Akt activation, with consequent inactivation of GSK-3.
- May be a prognostic marker for bone metastasis in breast cancer.
- identification of PTHrP and ezrin as important regulators of lung cancer bone metastasis offers new mechanistic insights into the metastasis of lung cancer and provides potential targets for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer metastasis
- We conclude that PTHrP-induced MCP-1 production by HBME and hFOB cells promotes osteoclast differentiation in vitro and such induction may play a critical role in PCa development in the bone microenvironment.
- Endocytosis and trafficking of CaR modulate PTHrP secretion.
- Nuclear accumulation of PTHrP effectively inhibits mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis through regulation of the expression, activity, and sub-cellular trafficking of casein kinase 2.
- provide first evidence that PTHrP(38-94) amide can affect gene expression in tumor cells
- Targeting PTHrP might result in effective inhibition of tumor growth, migration, and invasion.
- Since PTHrP is found in many normal and malignant cells, potentiation by ATP and bradykinin is likely to have a wider role in modulating signal transduction events
- PTHrP and KISS-1 may regulate colony formation in 3D breast tumor cell cultures by influencing ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
- Results show that in human mesenchymal stem cells, elevated extracellular calcium levels increases both released parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and PTHrP mRNA expression.
- 6 SNPs in the PTH gene and 3 SNPs each in the PTHLH, PTHR1 and PTHR2 genes were investigated in relation to bone mineral density
- PTHrP induces cachexia by mechanisms other than directly affecting the hypothalamic feeding regulated peptides.
- the PTHrP VNTR sequence likely modulates local PTHrP expression within the skeletal microenvironment
- These data demonstrate that PTHrP and its receptor are up-regulated specifically during immortalization of T-lymphocytes by HTLV-1 infection and may facilitate the transformation process.
- Because PTHrP contributes to hypercalcemia and bone metastases, switching of G-protein usage by the CaR may contribute to the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
- The data raise the possibility that PTH or PTHrP might regulate ephrinB2 to act in a paracrine or autocrine manner on EphB4 or EphB2 in the osteoblast, contributing as a local event to the anabolic action of PTH or PTHrP.
- PTHrP (107-139) interacts with VEGFR-2 to promote human osteoblastic cell survival by a mechanism involving Runx2 activation.
- High PTHrP mRNA expression is associated with developing oral malignant carcinomas.
- data suggest PTHrP plays a role in tumorigenesis in prostate cancer, and that PTHrP is a key mediator for communication and interactions between prostate cancer and the bone microenvironment