|
ORF cDNA clones
|
CRISPR / TALEN
|
Lentivirus
|
AAV
|
TALE-TF
|
ORF knockin clones
|
|
Antibody
|
Proteins
|
miRNA target clones
|
qPCR primers
|
shRNA clones
|
miRNA products
|
Promoter clones
|
Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for PRL(NM_001163558.3) Search again
Product ID:
HQP159349
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
GHA1
Gene Description:
prolactin
Target Gene Accession:
NM_001163558.3(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Gene References into function
- Prolactin expressed as a hexahistidine-tagged fusion protein is active in a rat Nb2 lymphoma cell proliferation bioassay and when purified can substitute for pituitary-derived prolactin.
- review: the regulation of prolactin secretion, the clinical features and causes of hyperprolactinemia, and the use of dopamine agonists
- Review: evidence demonstrating PRL synthesis by different subtypes of immune cells from humans, mice and rats, describe the regulation of PRL gene expression in human lymphocytes, and discuss the functions of PRL made by immune cells.
- Review: Polymorphisms of the human prolactin gene--implications for production of lymphocyte prolactin and systemic lupus erythematosus
- Review: proliferative actions of PRL and its survival promoting properties in immune cells
- Review: Stimulation of interferon regulatory factor-1 by prolactin
- Review: Effects of prolactin on hematopoiesis
- Review: Effects of prolactin on signal transduction and gene expression: possible relevance for systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Review: Effect of prolactin on the antigen presenting function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells
- Review: evidence has accumulated to support the hypothesis that both mild and moderate elevations of serum prolactin participate in the clinical expression and pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus
- Review: Analysis of anti-prolactin autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus
- cyclin D1 may be a target gene for PRL in normal lobuloalveolar development, as well as in the development and/or progression of mammary cancer.
- results presented are consistent with a role of the PRL-PRLR system in bone/cartilage formation/repair processes
- a direct inhibition of PRL on tumour cell growth, while its reciprocal effect on apoptosis refers to an important regulatory role of PRL
- study provides evidence that cortisol, prolactin and growth hormone respond to psychological stress in humans
- transcriptional activity of prolactin promoter in GH3 cells co-transfected with menin was significantly decreased
- expression and transcription in mammary cells
- human ovarian follicular cells are an extrapituitary site of prolactin gene expression
- To evaluate a possible role of prolactin genes in SLE & MS formed an association study of 19 PRL SNPs was done. No statistically significant difference in the prolactin receptor allele distribution was observed for any of the tested variations.
- human T-lymphocytes are targets for PRL.
- results demonstrate a direct effect of prolactin, via functional prolactin receptors, in reducing the lipoprotein lipase activity in human adipose tissue
- serum leptin and prolactin levels does not seem to be related with angiogenic activity and metastasis in breast cancer patients.
- backbone dynamics were investigated by analysis of 15N NMR relaxation phenomena and demonstrated a rigid four-helical bundle with relatively mobile interconnecting loops
- K+ channel modulation by PRL, via the p59fyn pathway, is the primary ionic event in PRL signal transduction, triggering proliferation of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells.
- The N-terminus of prolactin modulates its biological properties.
- Prolactin may contribute significantly to early corpus luteum formation and survival by acting as a potent antiapoptotic factor for human granulosa cells
- Human prolactin-G129R-induced breast cancer cell and/or mammary gland apoptosis which is mediated, at least in part, through the regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression.
- differential changes in nocturnal prolactin secretion among HIV-infected men occurred while maintaining the normal coordinate feedback and/or feedforward control within the lactotropic axis
- Endogenous prolactin induces estrogen receptor alpha and prolactin receptor expression and increases estrogen responsiveness in breast neoplasms.
- the smad pathway and the tumor suppressor menin are key regulators of activin effects on PRL and Pit-1 expression, as well as on cell growth inhibition
- PRL fragments are potentially physiological antiangiogenic inhibitors of tumor growth.
- lack of endometrial PRL expression is involved in reproduction failure.
- Data support an "induced-fit" model for prolactin receptor binding where binding of the first receptor to human prolactin induces a conformation change in the hormone creating the second receptor-binding site.
- Prolactin and heregulin override DNA damage-induced growth arrest and promote PI-3 kinase-dependent proliferation in breast cancer cells
- PRL takes part in the trigger of T-cell activation, and is produced and secreted by the same cells acting predominantly in autocrine form, collaborating in the expression of CD69 and CD154, and the secretion of IL-2 and INF-gamma.
- solution structure and prolactin-prolactin receptor interaction
- prolactin binding initiates limited proteasomal cleavage of its receptor, generating a cell-associated fragment containing the extracellular domain; findings described new potential mediator of prolactin action
- Data suggest that the expression of Pit-1 in cells of the alpha SU-based gonadotropin cell lineage might also lead to the expression of growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone beta subunit.
- Review. The regulation of PRL gene expression in human lymphocytes & the functions of PRL made by the immune cells, including its involvement in autoimmunity, are reviewed.
- cAMP induces PRL expression in T lymphocytes via cooperation of at least two different signaling pathways
- Human PRLR-mediated bioassay shows lower bioactivity of bbPRL (macroprolactin) than rat Nb2 bioassay.
- PRL is produced and secreted by the immune cell and acts just after the first trigger signal of activation in an autocrine way
- During the hair follicle transformation from growth (anagen) to apoptosis-driven regression (catagen), PRL and PRL-R immunoreactivity appear up-regulated.
- These results suggest that several matrix metalloproteases in cartilage generate antiangiogenic 16K-prolactin from systemically derived or locally produced prolactin.
- These data establish the transcriptional regulation of adipocyte PRL by the superdistal PRL promoter.
- a significant correlation between increased prolactin values and enhanced ADP stimulated P-selectin expression on platelets was determined in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack
- atypical antipsychotic drugs have sex-specific effects on plasma prolactin levels
- PRL response to thyrotropin releasing hormone, in the acute phase of stroke may be used as an index for early detection of post-stroke depression.
- These results suggest that cyclic AMP-induced region of the human PRL promoter resides between -1862 and -1856, -1703 and -1697, -310 and -285 and sequence between -1862 and -1856, -1703 and -1697 display estrogen+ progesterone induced promoter activity.
- prolactin deserves investigation as a target for breast cancer risk reduction
- Myocardial STAT3 protein levels are reduced and serum levels of activated cathepsin D and 16 kDa prolactin are elevated in postpartum cardiomyopathy patients.
- During parabolic flights, an increase of prolactin, cortisol and ACTH was shown in the course of a 120 min flight.
- BMP1 processes PRL to a 17-kDa anti-angiogenic factor.
- Prolactin activation of Jak1 represents a novel, Jak2-dependent mechanism that may serve as a regulatory switch leading to PRL activation of ERK (Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinase) and Stat3 pathways.
- the -1149G/T single nuceotide polymorphism of the extrapituitary prolactin promoter is not associated with psoriatic arthritis
- Elevated serum prolactin levels are not related to the presence of macroprolactin in chronic hemodialysis patients and are not associated with the response to erythropoietic therapy in these individuals.
- We suggest that the serum prolactin level may be a more sensitive marker than the CSF HVA level to guide the dose adjustment of L-Dopa/carbidopa in the management of patients with PTPS deficiency.
- Amenorrhoea following SCI is correlated to level of s-prolactine. We found no correlation between level of s-prolactine and level or degree of injury.
- Hyperprolactinemia, hyperferritinemia, and hypovitaminosis D have different immunological implications in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune diseases
- residual agonism can be abolished either by further disrupting hormone site 2-receptor contacts by N-terminal deletion, as in Del1-9-G129R-human prolactin (hPRL), or by stabilizing hPRL and constraining its intrinsic flexibility, as in G129V-hPRL
- present data suggest that serum prolactin levels in unipolar depressive patients are related to dissociative symptoms that is likely caused by passive coping mechanisms leading to dissociation
- a novel, promoter-specific signaling interaction between estrogen and TNFalpha signaling is likely to be important for prolactin regulation in vivo
- 16k PRL inhibits cell migration by blocking the Ras-Tiam1-Rac1-Pak1 signaling pathway in endothelial cells
- Interactions between estrogens, ERs, the ERE and AP1 transcription factors in regulation of autocrine/paracrine PRL in the human breast may be critical for oncogenesis and may contribute to progression of breast cancer.
- In this comprehensive analysis covering 59 kb of the PRL locus and 210 kb of the PRLR locus, we found no significant association between common variation in these candidate genes and breast cancer risk or plasma PRL levels.
- Congenital organic lesions of the pituitary are associated with disorders and changes of the circadian pattern of prolactin secretion. In children with growth hormone deficiency without lesions, a circadian rhythm of Prl secretion was seen.
- PRL expands the pool of cells susceptible to tumorigenesis, which is then facilitated by PRL and TGF-alpha cross talk
- The resulting pattern of findings confirmed the hypotheses of the significance of the genes involved in the development of affiliative behaviors in the manifestation of ASD, the strongest results were obtained for allelic associations with the PRL genes.
- Promotes phosphorylation of prolactin receptor(PRLr) on Ser349 and accelerates endocytosis of PRLr. Stimulated PRLr phosphorylation, endocytosis, and degradation in Jak2-null cells reconstituted with wild type catalytically active Jak2.
- data indicate that strong cooperative cross talk between prolactin and IGF-I augments biological processes associated with neoplastic progression, with implications for therapeutic strategies
- Plasma levels of Th1/Th2 type cytokine are associated with change of prolactin and GH/IGF-I in hemodialysis patients.
- This study thus investigated the effects of PRL on the osteoblast functions and the RANKL/OPG ratio in human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) cells which strongly expressed PRL receptors.
- PRL should be recognized as an important adipokine whose release is regulated by insulin and is affected by obesity in a depot-specific manner.
- SOCS3 is a tumor suppressor in breast cancer cells that is regulated by PRL