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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for IGF2(NM_001291861.3) Search again
Product ID:
HQP155541
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
C11orf43, GRDF, IGF-II, PP9974, SRS3
Gene Description:
insulin like growth factor 2
Target Gene Accession:
NM_001291861.3(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the insulin family of polypeptide growth factors that is involved in development and growth. It is an imprinted gene and is expressed only from the paternally inherited allele. It is a candidate gene for eating disorders. There is a read-through, INS-IGF2, which aligns to this gene at the 3' region and to the upstream INS gene at the 5' region. Alternatively spliced transcript variants, encoding either the same or different isoform, have been found for this gene.
Gene References into function
- Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2 ) gene variant is associated with overfeeding-induced metabolic changes. Insulin sensitivity decreased .
- Contribution of residues A54 and L55 of the human insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) A domain to Type 2 IGF receptor binding specificity
- These data indicate that the translational machinery encounters major parts of IGF II-leader 1.
- Association of H19 promoter methylation with the expression of IGF-II gene in adrenocortical tumors.
- Human insulin-like growth factor II leader 2 mediates internal initiation of translation
- Loss of genomic imprinting of IGF2 is strongly associated with cellular proliferation in normal hematopoietic cells.
- altered IGF-II and IGFBP-1 expression at the fetomaternal interface may be important in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia
- cDNA probes were used to analyze the gene expression of IGF-II 6 in luteinized granulosa cells from different-sized follicles after ovarian hyperstimulation.
- determination of blood levels in adult patients with severe liver disease before and after orthotopic liver transplantation
- igf2 expression regulates hemangioma growth and involution
- Caucasians with the IGF2 A/A genotype exhibit higher fat mass than G/G individuals
- Brain tumor invasiveness in degrees from respect of the arachnoid membrane progressing to frank brain invasion correlated with increases in IGF-II and IGFBP-6 expression.
- Autocrine production of IGF-I and IGF-II may via IGF-IR play a significant role in the growth and megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 cells.
- Data suggest a causal relation between telomere shortening and reduced expression of KGF and IGF-II in human fibroblasts.
- The dependence of the methylation of a region of this gene depends on the primary methylation imprint about 90 kilobases away.
- Glucose transporter gene expression in the jejunum in response to insulin-like growth factors in rat pups
- data demonstrate for the first time that serum levels of IGFs (including free fractions) and IGFBPs are not increased in euthyroid Graves' patients with active thyroid eye disease
- IGF-II was expressed in human hepatoma cell lines.
- effect of relaxin on cellular proliferation in WISH cells is likely through the transcriptional up-regulation of IGF-II
- mitogenic effects on Malassez cells in the normal periodontal ligament
- Overexpression of IGF2 was found to play an important role in carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer.
- Alterations in the IFGII imprinted region occur in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.
- investigated the utility of loss of IGF2 imprinting as a marker of colorectal cancer risk
- IGF2 is maternally imprinted thus is expressed only through the paternal allele, also IGF2 is over expressed in ovarian tumors.
- Human insulin-like growth factor II gene (IGF2) is overexpressed, and its imprinting is disrupted in many tumors, including Wilms' tumor.
- Data suggest that insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is complexed in vivo with intact insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP-2) and with processed IGFBP-2 fragments, which do not impair the activity of IGF-II on cell survival.
- circulating IGF-II levels may play a role in body weight regulation and development of obesity in men and women with normal glucose tolerance
- p53mt249 stimulates IGF-II dependent IGF-IR signaling by upregulating the expression of both ligand (IGF-II) and receptor (IGF-IR) through an autocrine and/or paracrine loop
- PTEN modulates IGF2-mediated signaling. The phosphoprotein phosphatase activity of PTEN downregulates IGF-2 expression in hepatoma cells.
- 214 transcripts were similarly regulated by insulin and IGF-II through Insulin Receptor A, whereas 45 genes were differentially transcribed
- IGF2, a potent growth factor, may play a role in the development or progression of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney.
- AT-rich DNA sequences located in the vicinity of previously characterized differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the imprinted Igf2 gene are conserved between mouse and human.
- PLAG1 regulates promoter P3-dependent transcription of IGF2 in hepatoblastomas.
- Serum IGF-I shows positive correlations with myoblast retrieval in control patients that is lost in malignancy.
- Both first- and second-phase insulin secretion were not significantly different between the various IGF-I or IGF-II genotypes.
- In human fetuses, IGF-I and IGF-II levels increase longitudinally throughout pregnancy.
- Our findings support the hypothesis that LOI of IGF-II is an epigenetic trait polymorphic in the population and suggest that LOI of IGF-II may play a role in colorectal cancer.
- Fibroblast proliferation, differentiation into myofibroblasts, & increased collagen synthesis are regulated via a CTGF-dependent pathway in concert with either EGF or IGF-2.
- IGF-II:VN and IGF-I:IGFBP-5:VN complexes may be useful in situations where enhanced keratinocyte cell migration and proliferation is required, such as in wound healing and skin regeneration.
- IGF-II gene APA I polymorphism can not serve as a candidate gene marker for screening rheumatoid arthritis patients in Taiwan.
- IGF-II enhances the expression of VEGF in HaCaT cells by increasing HIF-1alpha levels.
- The C and D domains of IGF-II promote higher affinity binding to the IR-A than the equivalent domains of IGF-I.
- free IGF-II but not IGF-I may have a role in progression of breast cancer
- variation within IGF2, a gene known to influence developing muscle, affects muscle mass and muscle function in later life.
- CRD-BP has a dominant role in proliferation of human K562 cells by an IGF-II-dependent mechanism independent of its ability to serve as a c-myc mRNA masking protein
- novel mechanism for IGF2 imprinting regulation, that is, the reduction of CTCF expression in the control of IGF2 imprinting
- IGF-2 may play a role in the selective recruitment of basophils in vivo.
- plasminogen binds with high affinity to IGF-II and IGF-binding protein-3
- there is a disturbed regulation of the IGF-2/H19 locus in myeloid leukemias which is not caused by loss of imprinting
- mature IGF-II is more effective in down-regulating the IGF-IR than pIGF-II
- Here, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, we show that IGF2 is highly expressed in both proliferating and involuting phase hemangioma, but is not detectable in other vascular lesions.
- humans with loss of imprinting (LOI) of the IGF2 gene show a shift in differentiation in the normal colonic mucosa
- observed, subsequent to knocking down CRD-BP/IMP1, decreased c-myc expression, increased IGF-II mRNA levels, and reduced cell proliferation rates
- The IGF2(67 amino acids) is single-chain polypeptides structurally similar to proinsulin.
- there is no finite M6P/IGF2R dimerization domain, but interactions between dimer partners occur all along the extracytoplasmic region of the receptor
- PTEN may inhibit antiapoptotic IGF actions not only by blocking the IGF-IGFR-induced Akt activity, but also by regulating expression of components of the IGF system, in particular, upregulation of IGFBP-3
- IGF-II plays a role in colonic carcinogenesis from ulcerative colitis by interacting with interleukin 5.
- In sedentary, clinically stable maintenance hemodialysis patients as compared to sedentary normal individuals, the mRNA levels for IGF-IEa, IGF-II, and the IGF-I receptor are decreased in vastus lateralis muscle
- C-domain of IGFBP-2 plays a key role in binding regions of IGF-I and -II that are also involved in binding to the type-1 IGF receptor
- IGF II is an early indicators of fetal growth as measured in seconsd semestser amniotic fluid.
- Resveratrol regulates IGF-II and IGF-II mediates RSV effect on cell survival and growth in breast cancer cells.
- Polymorphisms of the IGF2 gene is associated with predisposition to high body mass index and obesity
- PAPP-A increased the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts, its myogenic effect is governed by its proteolytic activity, and it promotes skeletal myogenesis by increasing the amount of free IGFs.
- SYT-SSX1 induces insulin-like growth factor II expression in fibroblast cells.
- A highly significant association was observed between the IGF2 ApaI G allele and scores on the Eating Attitudes Test overall and each of its subscales
- IGF-II expression was found to be higher in tumors with poor prognosis.
- Association of 11q loss, trisomy 12, and possible 16q loss with loss of imprinting of insulin-like growth factor-II in Wilms tumor
- Results suggest that loss of imprinting (LOI)of IGF2 in colorectal carcinoma and LOI in the background mucosa play important roles in carcinogenesis.
- Elevated IGF2 expression is a frequent event in serous ovarian cancer and this occurs in the absence of IGF2 loss of imprinting.
- Interplay between placental and fetal Igf2 regulates both placental growth and nutrient transporter abundance.
- IGF-I and -II are chemotactic factors for mesenchymal progenitor cells; IGFBP-5 both modulates the IGF-I effect and directly stimulates migration of human mesenchymal progenitor cells
- IGF2 polymorphisms were found to be strongly associated with the clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic HBV infection
- analysis of hypomethylated P4 promoter induction of expression of the insulin-like growth factor-II gene in hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population
- IGFs co-activate proliferative and apoptotic pathways in LIM 1215 cells, which may contribute to increased cell turnover.
- heterotrimeric G protein-dependent ERK1/2 activation is mediated by IGF-1 and IGF-2 by transactivating sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors
- High plasma levels of IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGFBP-3 were associated with good prognosis in patients with advanced NSCLC.
- Methylation status of CTCF insulator binding site in IGF2 imprinting control region.
- The risk of IGF-II gene imprinting loss is higher in female twins and has no relationship with assisted reproductive technology and zygosity.
- IGF-II was shown to be a growth factor of hepatoblastoma via IGF-I receptor and PI3 kinase which were good candidates for target of molecular therapy
- In newborns of Chinese Han population, 21.6% showed IGF2 loss of imprinting (LOI) in cord blood, and IGF2 LOI may have some influences on fetal growth. Paternal age is associated with LOI.
- IGF2 may participate in carcinogenesis of esophageal cancer through its over-expression. IGF2 loss of imprinting.
- Implication of IGF2 duplication in overgrowth and Wilms'tumorigenesis.
- Variation in DNA methylation of the IGF2/H19 locus is mainly determined by heritable factors and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cis, rather than the cumulative effect of environmental and stochastic factors occurring with age.
- The results provide further evidence that IGFBP-2 and IGF-II in breast milk are relevant factors for the early development of preterm infants.
- IGF2-PIK3R3 signaling axis is involved in promoting the growth of a subclass of highly aggressive human glioblastomas that lack EGF receptor amplification.
- IGF-II and IGFBP-2 differentially regulate PTEN in human breast cancer cells
- There was a significant difference in birth weight standard deviation scores among the three neonatal +3123/Apal genotypes of the insulin-like growth factor 2 gene, indicating that the IGF2 gene variant is associated with fetal growth.
- novel binding surface on IGF-II critical for IGF2R binding
- We did not confirm the previously reported associations between IGF2 polymorphisms and body mass index, but common variation in the IGF2 gene may be associated with adult height
- These results demonstrate that the InsR regulates choriocarcinoma cell invasion through activation by IGF-II.
- Severely deficient in a case of insulin-resistance syndrome (Rabson-Mendenhall type).
- methylation varies among three IGF-II promoters in ovarian cancer and that this variation seems to have biologic implications as it relates to clinical features and prognosis of the disease.
- A panel of markers including at least RUNX3, CACNA1G, IGF2, and MLH1 can serve as a sensitive and specific marker panel for CIMP(Cpg island methylator phenotype)-high.
- that endogenous IGF-1 and IGF-2 receptors can independently initiate ERK1/2 signaling and point to a potential physiologic role for IGF-2 receptors in the cellular response to IGF-2
- IGF-II metabolism may play a role in atherogenesis in in schizophrenic Arab subjects
- Duplication of the paternal IGF2 allele in trisomy 11 and elevated expression levels of IGF2 mRNA is associated with congenital mesoblastic nephroma
- Different members of Rho GTPase family regulate IGF-II-mediated EVT cell migration differentially, depending upon whether it signals through IGF1R or in an IGF1R-independent manner.
- Demonstrate significant relationship between paternally transmitted haplotypes at INS-IGF2 locus and newborn IGF-II levels, but no association with maternally transmitted haplotypes.
- Upregulation of IGF-2 expression is associated with oral cancer.
- Intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) pregnancies are associated with normal value of IGF2 mRNA.
- analysis of IGF2 and H19 loss of imprinting in bladder cancer
- Endometrial IGF-I and -II are differentially regulated during decidualization and by human chorionic gonadotropin.
- IGF-II may represent an excellent target for interferon gamma-treatment and specific siRNA-mediated therapeutic intervention in human hepatoma.
- common genetic variants in the IGF2-INS-TH cluster modify susceptibility to idiopathic Parkinson's disease
- In 30% of patients, differentially methylated IGF2/H19 imprinting center region (ICR1) on chromosome 11p15 was found to be hypomethylated, as determined by Southern blot analysis of an HpaII restriction site close to third CTCF-binding site within ICR1
- Genetic variants in the IGF-II genes is not associated with breast cancer
- Methylation-imprinting defects at the IGF2-H19 locus can result from inherited mutations of the imprinting center and have high recurrence risk or arise independently from the sequence context and generally not transmitted to the progeny.
- Higher early levels of the human milk IGF system might contribute to maturation of the infant gut.
- IGF-2 mRNA was expressed in congenital hemangiomas at a level comparable with that detected in common infantile hemangioma over 4 y of age.
- Data show that vitamin C suppresses proliferation of the human melanoma cell line SK-MEL2 via the down-regulation of IGF-II production and IGF-IR expression, which is followed by the activation of p38 MAPK and the inhibition of COX-2 expression.
- IGF2 is epigenetically regulated and has roles in development and disease [review]
- Review of the insulin-like growth factor-II signaling pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Of the informative human hepatocellular carcinoma samples 47.06% (8 of 17) demonstrated a gain of imprinting of IGF2, and 21.74% (5 of 23) of the informative HCC samples demonstrated a loss of imprinting of H19.
- IGF2 helps predict disease outcome in GIST patients.
- IGF-II differentially regulated the intracellular translocation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L), a critical process in breast cancer progression to hormone-independence
- three WT1 subtypes were correlated with WT1, IGF2, and CTNNB1 genetics
- increased local IGF-II expression in SSc-associated pulmonary fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo as well as IGF-II-induced ECM production through both phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase- and Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent pathways.
- Propose that IGF-II, mainly through the insulin receptor is involved in functional leydig cell differentiation.
- Markedly elevated IGF-II and IGFBP-2 serum levels in patients with non-seminomatous germ cell cancer, showing a significant decrease after successful therapy and an increase in recurrent disease.
- Activation of IGF-II/IGF-IR signaling is likely a progression switch selected by function that promotes tumor cell dissemination and aggressive tumor behavior.
- Results indicate that IGF2 promoter proximal sequence hypomethylation is highly prevalent in cancer and detected more frequently than loss of imprinting.
- The presence of IGF-2 ApaI polymorphism in partners of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) women could affect IGF-2 level of expression in placenta and embryo and represent a risk factor for RSA susceptibility.
- Results decribethe loss IGF2/H19 imprinting,loss of heterozygosity of IGF2R and CTCF, and incidental H. pylori infections in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
- IGF-II transcripts were overexpressed in both pediatric adrenocortical carcinomas and adenomas.
- Competitive equilibrium binding assays revealed significantly reduced specific binding to the insulin, IGF-I, and IGF-II and their receptors in both the anterior cingulate and vermis of alcoholic human brains.
- Our findings indicate that colorectal cancers with demethylation of the insulin-like growth factor II gene are distinct from normal imprinting tumors, both in clinical and genetic features.
- Loss of insulin-like growth factor 2 imprinting is associated with the development of prostate cancer
- Women with localized, early-stage breast cancer show elevated circulating free IGF1 and IGF2, reduced total IGF2 and alterations in IGFBPs
- A break point 184 kb upstream of the paternally derived IGF2 gene resulted in reduced expression in some mesoderm-derived adult tissues causing intrauterine growth retardation, short stature, lactation failure, and insulin resistance.
- Neuraminidase caused the desialylation of both PDGF and IGF-1 receptors and diminished the intracellular signals induced by the mitogenic ligands PDGF-BB and IGF-2.
- IGF2 was overexpressed in childhood adrenocortical tumors with maternal, but not paternal, allele loss of heterozygosity at 11p15. It did not relate to clinical outcome.
- Data identify a novel transcriptional activity at both the human and the mouse H19/IGF2 imprinted loci.
- locally generated IGF2 at either ischemic or tumor sites may contribute to postnatal vasculogenesis by augmenting the recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells
- In humans, low birth weight correlates with hypomethylation of the IGF2 promoter.
- We suggest that CDH1 cytoplasmic immunolocalization as a result of increased IGF-II levels identifies those nonmuscle invasive presentations most likely to recur
- we found 12 childhood hematoblasoma tumours (22%) with LOH in IGDF2, 9 (17%) with loss of imprinting (LOI) and 33 (61%) with retention of imprinting (ROI).