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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for CST3(NM_001288614.2) Search again
Product ID:
HQP152118
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
ARMD11, HEL-S-2
Gene Description:
cystatin C
Target Gene Accession:
NM_001288614.2(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Summary
The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions, where they appear to provide protective functions. The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes.
Gene References into function
- localization, targetting and trafficking of cystatin C is investigated in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells
- Relationship between serum cystatin C and creatinine in kidney and liver transplant patients.
- Associated with exudative age related macular degeneration.
- Serum concentration of cystatin C is not affected by cellular proliferation in patients with proliferative haematological disorders.
- Enhancement of proteinase inhibitory activity of recombinant human cystatin C
- role in invasiveness of human glioblastoma cells
- decrease of cystatin C in the CSF might contribute in the process of metastasis and spread of the cancer cells in the leptomeningeal tissues
- May be a better marker of glomerular filtration rate in IDDM than creatinine.
- A significant elevation in the content of cystatin C is measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of human patients experiencing persistent pain of strong intensity.
- most sensitive marker at routinely used cutoff values and would be more clinically useful than B2M or serum creatinine in diabetic patients at risk for nephropathy
- In fibroblasts from donors carrying A/A, A/B, and B/B CST3 pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that release of the B variant of cystatin c [CysC] has a different temporal pattern compared to that of the A. Fibroblasts B/B homozygous secreted less CysC
- Cystatin C physically associates with A beta precursor protein (A beta PP), and may play a novel role in the pathogenesis of sporadic inclusion body myositis by influencing A beta PP processing and A beta deposition
- levels of serum cystatin C may predict early prognostic stages of patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy
- a synergistic association of CST3 and APOE4 alleles was observed in predicting vascular dementia patients so CST3 might interact with APOE4 on conferring vascular pathologies.
- cystatin C level is a useful and convenient parameter of renal function, and may also prove to be an early marker of the severity of end-organ damage in patients with essential hypertension
- 7 polymorphisms, all in strong-linkage disequilibrium, were identified in the cystatin C gene. The mutant haplotype was associated with a higher average number of stenoses per coronary artery segment, implying an important role in coronary artery disease
- Serum creatinine is a more efficacious marker than serum cystatin C to assess renal function after renal transplantation.
- presence of a susceptibility locus for Alzheimer's disease in the vicinity of CST3 for very elderly subjects.
- Identification of CystC as a novel TGF-beta receptor antagonist, as well as a novel CystC-mediated feedback loop that inhibits TGF-beta signaling.
- Serum cystatin C appears to be influenced by factors other than renal function alone.
- In a yeast two-hybrid system cystatin C has been identified as a neuroglobin-interacting protein.
- Cystatin C association with betaAPP resulted in increased sbetaAPP but did not affect levels of secreted Abeta. Analysis of the association of cystatin C and Abeta demonstrated a specific, saturable an
- ystatin C is an important regulator for normal and pathological proteolysis in the male reproductive system.
- In calvarial bone explants recombinant human cystatin C decreases calcium release into the medium significantly.
- A valid serum marker for glomerular filtration rate in renal transplantation.
- an age-related macular degeneration-associated cystatin C variant is associated principally with mitochondria rather than the Golgi apparatus
- An excellent blood marker for screening of renal dysfunction in children with liver disease and after liver transplantation.
- The difference in localization of CyC and of CatS, -L, and -H in immature and mature DC shows that the regulatory potential of CyC toward CatS, -L, and -H inside DC is limited
- Protein and mRNA levels of stefin B (p= 0.007), but not cystatin C, were significantly lower in atypical compared with benign meningiomas
- The major haplotype -82G/-5G/+4A of the cystatin C gene determines plasma levels of cystatin C with homozygous persons having the highest plasma levels, but there was no association with secondary cardiovascular events in this study.
- No effect of sex on serum cystatin C levels was observed, but average levels increased with age
- The cystatin C expression is altered during the chronic phase of epilepsy and suggest that cystatin C plays a role in network reorganization in the epileptic dentate gyrus, especially in granule cell dispersion.
- full-length cystatin C when crystallized in a new, tetragonal form, dimerizes by swapping the same secondary structure elements but with a very different overall structure generated by the flexibility of the hinge linking the moveable elements
- the present findings represent the first demonstration of relationships between the AD genetic risk factor CST3 B and global neurophysiological phenotype
- Cystatin C is an endogenous marker of glomerular filtration rate in kidney transplantation patients.
- Cleavage of cystatin C to form a 12.5 kDa protein may identify a subgroup of patients with MS.
- Conformational differences between the monomeric forms of wild-type cystatin C and its L68Q variant may be responsible for the higher tendency of the L68Q cystatin C to be amyloidogeneic.
- Cystatin C is a novel cerebrospinal fluid protein whose content is altered by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and may therefore serve as a biomarker for this disease.
- hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy is a rare, fatal amyloid disease in young people in Iceland caused by a mutation in cystatin C {REVIEW}
- Accumulating data suggest involvement of cystatin C in the pathogenic processes leading to amyloid deposition in cerebral vasculature and most significantly to cerebral hemorrhage in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy {REVIEW}
- Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) is equivalent to cystatin C measurement as a measure of glomerular filtration rate.
- The conclusion of this review is that the association of serum cystatin C with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality most likely reflects early renal dysfunction.
- A more sensitive serum marker than creatinine of glomerular filtration rate fter kidney transplantation.
- Linkage analysis of renal function, measured as glomerular filtration rate (GFR), in 63 extended families with multiple members with type 2 diabetes estimated from serum concentrations of cystatin C.
- Although a gold standard of kidney function is lacking, this analysis suggests that cystatin C captures an association of mildly impaired kidney function with increased inflammation.
- Plasma cystatin C levels were lower in the AD patients than in the control group. Plasma cystatin C levels were associated positively with age and negatively with CST3A allele in the control group.
- Plasma cystatin C has no clear advantage over serum creatinine to detect renal failure in heart transplanted patients.
- Increased CST3 is associated with an enhanced cardiovascular risk factor profile in Aboriginal youth.
- human cystatin C oligomers are formed by propagated domain swapping
- Increased urinary cystatin C reflects structural and functional renal tubular impairment independent of glomerular filtration rate.
- There is a relative deficiency of circulating cystatin C (CysC) in systemic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Interaction between CysC and serum amyloid A protein explains this CysC deficiency and suggests CysC is regulating inflammatory responses.
- Circulating levels of cystatin C in mothers, fetuses, and neonates from intrauterine growth-restricted and appropriate-for-gestational-age pregnancies.
- In individuals with type 1 diabetes, cystatin C blood levels modestly predicts subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.
- Serum creatinine levels are lower in malnourished children and lead to overestimation of glomerular filtration rate, but cystatin C levels are unaffected.
- molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the conformational fluctuations of monomeric L68Q and wild-type cystatin Cs at various combinations of temperature (300 and 500K) & pH (2 & 7) to gain insights into the domain swapping mechanis
- cystatin C levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients than in controls or patients with osteoporosis; cystatin C was more elevated in prostate cancer patients than in controls or BPH patients
- In Korean type 2 diabetic patients, cystatin-c based glmoerular filtration rate may be more valuable than creatinine-based GFR in the prediction of the microalbuminuric stage.
- mild renal impairment detected by elevated cystatin C is associated with both the occurrence and the severity of coronart artery disease, independent of the other risk factors
- The cystatin C, beta2-microglobulin and beta-trace protein levels displayed changes with increased levels in the third trimester but unaltered levels during the first and second trimesters.
- There was good correlation between eGFRCystC and iohexol clearance (r = 0.88) in patients with iohexol clearance <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and none of the patients had a difference between eGFRCystC and iohexol clearance exceeding 50 %.
- Cystatin C rose significantly 24 h after percutaneous coronary intervention procedures.
- cystatin C may have a role in cardiovascular events and death in a Chinese population
- Data show that solubilized cystatin C amyloid is cytotoxic to cultured human cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells.
- Creatinine measurement is cheaper and glomerular filtration rate is preferred to cystatin C levels in kidney donors.
- Using transgenic mice expressing human cystatin C (encoded by CST3), study shows that cystatin C binds soluble amyloid-beta peptide and inhibits cerebral amyloid deposition in amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice.
- Study shows that overexpression of human cystatin C in brains of APP-transgenic mice reduces cerebral amyloid-beta deposition and that cystatin C binds amyloid-beta and inhibits its fibril formation.
- Statistically higher concentrations of cystatine C were found in neonates born by spontaneous delivery. Laktacidemia is probably one of the factors responsible for elevation of cystatin C concentration in the cord blood.
- Cys C is a better predictor of acute kidney injury than serum creatinine following liver transplantation.
- Cystatin C may have a role in atherosclerotic disease apart from its relation to kidney function
- in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis,Cystatin C, was not increased to the same degree as cathepsin H, resulting in an imbalance of inhibitor to protease in the alveolar space
- Cystatin C is a highly interesting option and could be a replace serum creatinine determination for diagnosing and possibly for monitoring chronic kidney disease in children.
- Imbalanced serum concentration between cathepsin B and cystatin C in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease.
- Suggest that the serum levels of cystatin C are not always a reliable marker of the glomerular filtration rate in patients with a malignancy.
- Cystatin C is more accurate in detecting decline in renal function than creatinine-based methods in a population of subjects with type 1 diabetes and a normal mean baseline.
- Cystatin C was a significant predictor of flow-mediated dilation after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
- Elastin- and collagen-rich human carotid plaques have increased levels of the cysteine protease inhibitor cystatin C.
- polymorphism may not represent an additional genetic risk factor for late age of onset Alzheimer's disease in Mainland Chinese
- Both serum cystatin C itself and cysC equations are effective to monitor the progress of renal impairment.
- Cystatin C was higher in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in periodontally healthy children than in children with chronic gingivitis.
- We determined that serum cystatin C, a novel measure of kidney function that colocalizes with brain beta-amyloid, is associated with cognition disorders among 3,030 elders.
- Up-regulation of cystatin C was observed in glial cells with neuronal cell death in vivo indicating involvement of cystatin C in the process of neuronal cell death.[REVIEW]
- A parent-of-origin effect is currently evident whereby those who inherit the amyloid angiopathy gene cystatin C mutation L68Q from the mother have, on average, a 9.4 years shorter life span compared to those who inherit it from the father.
- new 'glomerular filtration rates' prediction equation is presented, based on the inverse of serum cystatin C and independent of gender, body surface area, body weight, lean body mass or serum creatinine
- N-acetylcysteine, in doses currently recommended for prophylaxis of contrast-induced nephropathy, has no effect on serum creatinine or cystatin C levels.
- The comparisons show that differences in patient selections have a strong impact on the agreement between cystatin C and MDRD estimated glomerular filtration rate.
- CysC assay helps in the diagnosis and stratification of chronic kidney disease and leads to better estimates of glomerular filtration rate in diabetic patients without any substantial increase in complexity.
- The Logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of serum cystatin C before operation and the end of operation were correlated with early acute renal failure after liver transplantation.
- cystatin C acts as a facultative, endogenous cofactor for the papain-like IgG-cleaving enzyme IdeS of the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes
- Serum cystatin C is significantly related to gender, age, race/ethnicity, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen in adolescents.
- Low levels of serum cystatin C precede Alzheimer disease (AD) in elderly men free of dementia at baseline and may be a marker of future risk of AD. These findings strengthen the evidence for a role for cystatin C in the development of clinical AD.
- cathepsin B, cathepsin H, cathepsin X and cystatin C may have roles in inflammatory breast cancer
- Plasma cystatin C is better than serum creatinine in detecting stage 3 CKD in patients with AN.