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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for CNR1(NM_016083.6) Search again
Product ID:
HQP151742
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
CANN6, CB-R, CB1, CB1A, CB1K5, CB1R, CNR
Gene Description:
cannabinoid receptor 1
Target Gene Accession:
NM_016083.6(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Summary
This gene encodes a protein that is one of two cannabinoid receptors. The cannabinoids, principally delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and synthetic analogs, are psychoactive ingredients of marijuana. The cannabinoid receptors are members of the family of guanine-nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein) coupled receptors which inhibit adenylate cyclase activity in a dose-dependent, stereoselective and pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. The two receptors have been found to be involved in the cannabinoid-induced CNS effects (including alterations in mood and cognition) experienced by users of marijuana. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq].
Gene References into function
- CB1 and CB2 receptor mRNA expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from various donor types.
- Results are the first report of an significant association between CB1 receptor and a subtype of schizophrenia.
- suggested that homozygous genotype CNR1 1359A/A confers vulnerability to alcohol withdrawal delirium.
- a nigro-striatal lesion is associated with an increase in CB1 receptors in the basal ganglia in humans and nonhuman primates and that this increase could be reversed by chronic l-DOPA therapy.
- recombinant protein shows high potency with an endogenous capsaicin-like substance
- associated with susceptibility to hebephrenic schizophrenia
- role of intracellular loops of cannabinoid CB1 receptor in functional interaction with Galpha16.
- dendritic cells were also found to express measurable amounts of CB1 and CB2 receptors and of FAAH. Cell maturation did not consistently modify the expression of these proteins
- CB(1)-induced ERK activation was mediated by PI3K(IB) and this effect may have important consequences in the control of cell death/survival decision.
- both mRNA for CB(1) and the corresponding protein are expressed in human prostate gland at level comparable with the receptor expressed in cerebellum; CB(1) preferentially expressed in prostate epithelia
- CB1 plays a role in inhibiting neovascularization and skin neoplasm development
- evidence that CB1 is able to potentiate an orexigenic receptor, OX1R
- CB1 receptor expression throughout the different areas of the developing human brain suggests a specific role of the endocannabinoid system in the events related to human neural development.
- homology model of the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor
- High level of cannabinoid receptor 1 is associated with mantle cell lymphoma
- CB1 receptor mRNA expression was altered in Parkinson's disease and was affected by alterations in dopaminergic systems.
- Restricting AN and binging/purging AN may be associated with different alleles of the CNR1 gene coding cannabinoid receptor 1.
- delta(9)-THC induces an influx of extracellular calcium in resting T cells in a CB1- CB2- -dependent manner
- upregulation of CB(1) receptors with concomitant increase in the CB(1) receptor-mediated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding suggests a role for enhanced cannabinoidergic signaling in the prefrontal cortex of depressed suicides
- A 5' Cnr1 "TAG" haplotype displays significant allelic frequency differences between substance abusers & controls in European-American, African-American & Japanese samples. Cnr1 genomic variation appears to play roles in human addiction vulnerability.
- the cannabinoid receptor CB1 was not identified in first trimester placenta
- Human sperm express functional CB(1)-R, the activation of which negatively influences important sperm functions such as motility.
- Identification of a splice variant of the human CB1 receptor.
- lipid rafts control CB1R binding and signaling, and CB1R activation underlies the protective effect of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin against apoptosis
- the presence of two long alleles in the cnr1 gene was associated with a reduced prevalence of depression in parkinson disease
- Senile plaques in AD patients express CB1 receptors which show increased nitration. G-protein coupling and CB1 receptor protein expression are markedly decreased in AD brains.
- CB1 and CB2 immunoreactivity was observed in cutaneous nerve fiber bundles, mast cells, macrophages, epidermal keratinocytes, and the epithelial cells of hair follicles, sebocytes and eccrine sweat glands.
- Tole of cysteine residues in CB1 ligand binding and activation, and demonstrate a method for mapping key determinants in CB1 structure and function
- No convincing association is found for cannabinoid receptor type 1 (Cnr1) in a systematic genetic association study in a human sample of postmenopausal osteoporosis patients and matched female controls
- CB1R is associated with cholesterol- and sphyngolipid-enriched membrane domains (rafts).
- CB(1) receptors are stabilized in a conformation that enables G(q)11 signaling by the WIN55212-2 cannabinoid agonist, thus shifting the G protein specificity of the receptor
- 4 SNPs in the CNR1 gene are found to be positively associated with striatal response to happy faces (and not to disgust faces) in humans, using fMRI.
- decreased thermal stability of T210I receptor & increased level of internalization of a T210I receptor-GFP chimera were also observed. Results suggest that T210 plays key role in governing transition between inactive & active CB(1) receptor states.
- Sequential assignments of TM5 and intra-cellular loop 3 were accomplished. The obtained structure also showed alpha-helix in the TM5 region, but it was interrupted by a disordered region (Gly204_ILe206).
- study shows that CB1 receptors are upregulated in the liver of cirrhotic individuals and expressed in liver fibrogenic cells
- Findings fail to replicate the original report of an association between SNPs adjacent to an alternative CNR1 exon 3 transcription start site and polysubstance abuse.
- analysis of human cannabinoid receptor 1 truncation
- A common CNR1 haplotype is associated with developing fewer cannabis dependence symptoms among adolescents who have experimented with cannabis.
- Antagonists may prove beneficial in the treatment of proliferative liver fibrosis.
- lipid rafts control CB1R, but not CB2R, and endocannabinoid transport in immune and neuronal cells.
- In summary, up-regulation of CB1 in T lymphocytes in response to CBs themselves may facilitate or enhance the various immunomodulatory effects related to CBs.
- CB(1) mRNA expression was negatively correlated with visceral fat mass, fasting insulin and circulating 2-arachidonylglycerol.
- apoptosis induced by cannabinoid receptor CB1 and CB2 agonists leads to activation of ERK1/2 leading to G1 cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer cells
- High expression of CB1 receptor was observed in 29 (45%) in hepatocellular carcinoma.
- results show that the presence of the CB1 polymorphic allele was significantly associated with a lower body mass index
- These data suggest that endocannabinoids regulate pathways affecting skeletal muscle oxidation, effects particularly evident in myotubes from obese individuals.
- no association of human adipose tissue CNR1 mRNA expression with measures of body fat, metabolic parameters, fat cell function, or adiponectin expression.
- There is no evidence for an association of CNR1 alleles with obesity in German children.
- In major depression, CB(1) receptor immunopositive glial cells in the grey matter were decreased. Furthermore, our data show that different medications have an impact on the expression of CB(1) receptors in the ACC.
- results clearly suggest that Ser7.39, but not Ser2.60, plays a crucial role in mediating ligand specific interactions at the CB(1) receptor; modeling studies predict that Ser7.39 in a g-chi1 conformation may induce a helix bend in transmembrane helix 7
- Genetic variants at CNR1 are associated with obesity-related phenotypes in men
- CB1 cannabinoid receptor Helix 8 Leu contributes to selective signal transduction mechanisms
- CNR1 gene polymorphisms could be a psychopharmacogenetic rather than a vulnerability factor regarding schizophrenia and its treatment
- CB(1)R and CB(2)R are differentially linked to lipid rafts, specialized microdomains of the plasma membrane--REVIEW
- Cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors and their respective ligands, the endocannabinoids, have a significant role in the modulation of food intake and motivation to consume palatable food. [REVIEW]
- impaired CB1 receptor function promotes passive stress-coping behavior, which, at least in part, might relate to alterations in BDNF function.
- The endocannabinoid system is activated in obese visceral adipose tissue as shown by decreased FAAH, Cb1, and adiponectin expression.
- G1422A polymorphism in the CNR1 gene is associated with increased abdominal adiposity in obese men.
- In conclusion, we could not detect a statistically significant association between mutations in the CNR1 gene and the predisposition to develop schizophrenia.
- insulin may play a key role in the obesity-linked dysregulation of the adipose endocannabinoid system at the gene level
- No associations were identified between CNR1 genetic variants and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
- There was no evidence of association between schizophrenia and CNR1 (OR=0.97, 95% CI 0.82-1.13) or CHRNA7 (OR=1.07, 95% CI 0.77-1.49) genotypes, or of interactions between tobacco use and CHRNA7, or cannabis use and CNR1or COMT genotypes.
- No significant difference was found between the schizophrenia and control cases in cannabinoid CB1 receptors binding in the superior temporal gyrus.
- CB1 is densely located in glucagon-secreting alpha cells and less so in insulin-secreting beta cells.
- Analysis of promoter regions regulating basal and Il-4-inducible expression of CB1 in T-lymphocytes is reported.
- AEA is able to decrease differentiating gene expression by increasing DNA methylation in human keratinocytes, through a p38, and to a lesser extent p42/44, mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway triggered by CB1R.
- The profound loss of function in the I2.62T-D2.63N double mutant suggests that, although these residues are not obligatory for agonist recognition, they play a synergistic and crucial role in modulating signal transduction.
- Impulsivity was significantly associated with the 6-repeat allele of the triplet repeat polymorphism (AATn/A6; p < .0001), as well as four SNPs in or near the CNR1 receptor gene.
- Schizophrenic subjects with prominent lifetime scores for disorganization and negative symptoms (dimension for hebephrenia) are associated with the CNR1 gene and present a type of symptomatology that resembles chronic cannabinoid-induced psychosis
- Association of CNR1 with ADHD and post-traumatic stress disorder is reported.
- Intracellular CB(1) receptors are functional and their spatial segregation is likely to significantly affect receptor function.
- CB(1) receptors are present in the gastric epithelium of the mucosa
- The upregulation of CB1 in activated T cells enables cellular responses to cannabinoids
- it is the constitutive activity inherent in the cannabinoid CB1 receptor that reduces the capacity of co-expressed mu opioid receptor to function
- This study indicates that the local cellular environment affects the structural determinants of CB(1)R internalization. Additionally, phosphorylation likely regulates the internalization of (full-length) CB(1)Rs.
- LH-21 is a low affinity inverse agonist for the CB1 receptor.
- Downregulation of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor and related molecular elements of the endocannabinoid system in epileptic human hippocampus.
- CNR1 variations increase the risk for obesity and modulate body mass index in European population.
- These results suggest that CB1 receptors acting through the phosphorylation of ERK are involved not only in the extinction of conditioned fear but also in the adaptation to aversive situations in general.
- cannabinoid receptors are required for ultraviolet-induced inflammation and skin cancer development
- Genes such as ELTD1 on chromosome 1, in addition to genes on chromosomes 4 (eg, GABRA2) and 6 (eg, CNR1), may be associated with the genetic risk for cannabis use disorders.
- temporal-spatial expression of FAAH, CB1, and CB2 is regulated during early pregnancy and anandamide detrimentally alters trophoblast proliferation
- reduced cortical cannabinoid 1 receptor messenger RNA found in schizophrenia.
- CNR1 gene assosiated with nicotine dependence
- CNR1 gene is related to alcohol dependence.
- down-regulation of survivin by CB1 is mediated by a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A signaling pathway
- The CNR1 SNP displayed a significant abstinence x genotype interaction on withdrawal, as well as a main effect on overall levels of craving, while the FAAH SNP displayed a significant abstinence x genotype interaction on craving.
- we did not find substantial difference among the three variants human cannabinoid CB(1) receptor according to the binding affinity, functional potency, and efficacy
- CNR1 gene polymorphism is associated with central obesity in this Brazilian population of European ancestry
- fibroblast-like synoviocytes of knees of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients express cannabinoid receptor (CB)1 and CB2
- mu-Opioid receptor forms a functional heterodimer with cannabinoid CB1 receptor: electrophysiological and FRET assay analysis.
- A common CNR1 haplotype (H4; prevalence 0.132) is associated with abnormal lipid homeostasis.
- Reduced mRNA expression along with a possible association between polymorphism genotypes of the CNR1 gene and ectopic pregnancy, suggests a possible genetic predisposition to ectopic pregnancy.
- Patients with coronary artery disease demonstrated the activation of the endocannabinoid system with elevated levels of blood endocannabinoids and increased expression of CB1 receptor in coronary atheroma
- Overweight patients and those with metabolic syndrom X show an expression pattern supporting a CB1-mediated overactivity of the endocannabinoid system in human visceral adipose tissue.