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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for CHRM2(NM_001006630.2) Search again
Product ID:
HQP151551
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
HM2
Gene Description:
cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2
Target Gene Accession:
NM_001006630.2(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Summary
The muscarinic cholinergic receptors belong to a larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. The functional diversity of these receptors is defined by the binding of acetylcholine to these receptors and includes cellular responses such as adenylate cyclase inhibition, phosphoinositide degeneration, and potassium channel mediation. Muscarinic receptors influence many effects of acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. The muscarinic cholinergic receptor 2 is involved in mediation of bradycardia and a decrease in cardiac contractility. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq].
Gene References into function
- Muscarinic M2 receptor density is increased in the frontal and temporal cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease with psychotic symptoms compared with those without these symptoms.
- trafficking of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor to clathrin-derived early endosomes following clathrin-independent endocytosis
- Results are consistent with a gender-specific role of the CHRM2 gene in depression in women.
- There is a higher concentration of muscarinic-2 receptors in the brain of aging subjects with an apolipoprotein E-epsilon4 allele.
- role of M1 and M2 muscarinic receptors expressed by human L cells in the control of GLP-1 secretion.
- molecular model of orthosteric and allosteric binding sites
- Data characterize the 5' untranslated region of the CHRM2 gene as expressed in human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells.
- Whereas normal detrusor contractions are mediated by the M(3) receptor subtype, in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction as well as certain organ transplant donors, contractions can be mediated by the M(2) muscarinic receptor subtype.
- Linkage and linkage disequilibrium between frontal theta band, visual evoked brain potentials and single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) from CHRM2 on chromosome 7. Linkage disequilibrium between CHRM2 SNPs and parietal delta band visual evoked potentials.
- Extracts of M2 muscarinic receptor from Sf9 cells therefore contain aggregates that are at least trimeric, and the levels detected point to the existence of larger complexes. The data also suggest that the oligomers coexist with a population of monomers
- variations in the CHRM2 gene is associated with alcohol dependence, drug dependence and affective disorders
- M2 acetylcholine receptor down-regulation in brains with Alzheimer's disease(AD) affects expression of several genes and proteins with major functions in the pathology of AD, including beta-secretase BACE1 and several modulators of tau protein.
- Increased phosphorylation of M1 and M2 mAChRs underlies sequestration of these receptors after transient hypoxia. Distinct pathways involving CK1alpha and GRK2 mediated sequestration of M1 and M2 mAChRs after transient hypoxic-induced oxidative stress.
- Data demonstrate that M(1), M(2), and M(3) muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR)can form homo- and heterodimers in living cells, and suggest that heterodimerization plays a role in the mechanism of mAChR long term regulation.
- These data suggest that DNA sequence variation at the CHRM2 locus is a potential modifier of HR recovery in the sedentary state and after short-term endurance training in healthy individuals.
- Reduced muscarinic type 2 receptor binding in subjects with bipolar disorder relative to both healthy controls and subjects with major depressive disorder.
- Genetic linkage and association findings which implicate the gene encoding the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (CHRM2) in the modulation of a scalp-recorded electrophysiological phenotype.
- Full-length RGS3, RGS3T, and the core domain of RGS3 were equally effective in antagonizing inhibition of Ca(V)2.3 through M(2)R.
- Using a test of within-family association, a highly significant association was found between the CHRM2 gene and intelligence. The strongest association was between rs324650 and performance IQ.
- possible role of the urothelium in controlling M2 mediated contractile phenotype for human bladders
- Associated with multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms across CHRM2 and Performance IQ, as measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
- Resuts show that urothelium carries multiple cholinergic receptor subtypes, with predominant expression of M2R, M3R and alpha7-nAChR and suggest that this layer-specific distribution serves to stratify cholinergic regulation of urothelial function.
- CHRM2 variation may contribute to the genetic component of variation in personality traits
- Monomers of the M2 receptor therefore can be assembled into tetramers with binding properties that closely resemble those of the muscarinic receptor in myocardial preparations.
- Poly I:C caused decreased M2R in airway smooth muscle cells by interacting with TLR3.
- a key epitope of the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor is M(2)Trp(422) in position 7.35 that is located at the extracellular top of transmembrane helix 7 and that contacts, in the inactive receptor, the extracellular loop E2
- Using a denser coverage of SNPs in the CHRM2 gene, we confirmed the 5'UTR regions to be most interesting in the context of intelligence, and ruled out other regions of this gene
- Results suggest that autocrine/paracrine effects occur concerning tenocytes in tendinosis, with up- and downregulation in levels of M(2)R immunoreactivity in tenocytes and blood vessel cells during the various stages of tendinosis.
- In progressive supranuclear palsy: there were no changes in M2 muscarinic receptor densitY
- Association analyses of a candidate gene, CHRM2, previously of interest in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, suggest that it is involved in a general externalizing phenotype
- The results demonstrate that multiple muscarinic receptor subtypes regulate mTOR, and that both MAPK-dependent and -independent mechanisms may mediate the response in a cell context-specific manner.
- We have identified a novel missense mutation (C722G) in the CHRM2 gene associated with familial dilated cardiomyopathy, which correlates with autoantibodies against CHRM2. Patients with C722G mutation have more progressive disease
- airway M(2)Rs inhibit BK channels by a dual, Gbetagamma-mediated mechanism, a direct membrane-delimited interaction, and the activation of the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway
- M2 and M3 receptors are upregulated in a time-dependent and pressure-dependent fashion after as little as a 24 h exposure to increased hydrostatic pressure in bladder