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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for PPARA(NM_001001928.3) Search again
Product ID:
HQP105045
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
NR1C1, PPAR, PPAR-alpha, PPARalpha, hPPAR
Gene Description:
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha
Target Gene Accession:
NM_001001928.3(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
Peroxisome proliferators include hypolipidemic drugs, herbicides, leukotriene antagonists, and plasticizers; this term arises because they induce an increase in the size and number of peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles found in plants and animals that contain enzymes for respiration and for cholesterol and lipid metabolism. The action of peroxisome proliferators is thought to be mediated via specific receptors, called PPARs, which belong to the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. PPARs affect the expression of target genes involved in cell proliferation, cell differentiation and in immune and inflammation responses. Three closely related subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma) have been identified. This gene encodes the subtype PPAR-alpha, which is a nuclear transcription factor.
Gene References into function
- polymorphism is unrelated to schizophrenia or alcoholism.
- crystal structure of a ternary complex containing the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha ligand-binding domain bound to the antagonist GW6471 and a SMRT co-repressor motif
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARalpha and PPARgamma) agonists decrease lipoprotein lipase secretion and glycated LDL uptake by human macrophages.
- Variation in the PPAR gene influences human left ventricular growth in response to exercise and hypertension
- cPLA(2) plays a critical role in PPAR-mediated gene transcription in HepG2 cells
- A Val227Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) gene is associated with variations in serum lipid levels.
- activation of PPARalpha in human CD4-positive T cells limits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFNgamma
- The results suggest that homocysteine may enhance vascular constrictive remodeling by inactivating PPAR-alpha and -gamma in ECs and PPAR-gamma in SMCs.
- differential regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in bladder cancer cells (peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, beta)
- the organization of the 5'-flanking and untranslated region of the hPPARalpha gene was characterized and the hPPARalpha promoter region has been identified
- PPARA L162V polymorphism is associated with increase in plasma LDL cholesterol levels.
- PPARalpha binds to apolipoprotein a enhancers and influences estrogen-mediated transcription
- regulation of human ASBT gene by PPARalpha
- turnover is predicted by the ubiquitin-proteasome system which controls the ligand-induced expression level of its target genes
- redundancy in the functions of PPARs alpha and delta as transcriptional regulators of fatty acid homeostasis and suggest that in skeletal muscle high levels of the delta-subtype can compensate for deficiency of PPAR alpha
- PPARalpha is regulated by fatty acids in human cells
- PPARalpha binding characteristics by FRET.
- Our results established the presence of PPARalpha in human breast cancer cell lines and showed for the first time that activation of PPARalpha in human breast cancer cells promoted proliferation.
- 5'-flanking region of this gene is transcriptionally active and binds PPARalpha, we characterized the peroxisome proliferator-responsive element in the proximal promoter of the CPT II gene, which appears to be a novel PPRE.
- PPARA gene is a modifier of the familial combined hyperlipidemia phenotype
- These results provide molecular evidence for a cross-talk between the FXR and PPARalpha pathways in humans.
- The PPAR alpha subtype localizes to the nuclear and perinuclear regions of human airway smooth muscle cells.
- Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in human urinary bladder carcinoma and growth inhibition by its agonists.
- TR2 and TR4 can have distinct functions. Existence of differential and bi-directional regulation between PPAR alpha and TR2/TR4. Possible roles in PPAR alpha signaling pathway in human keratinocytes.
- decrease in cardiac PPARalpha transcription factor gene expression observed in the failing human heart could play an important role in a reduction in fatty acid utilisation by the adult heart during cardiac hypertrophy
- PPARalpha regulates the human apolipoprotein AV gene
- Molecular characterisation of six alternatively spliced variants and a novel promoter in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha.
- PPARA has a role as an important modulator of the metabolism of endobiotics and xenobiotics in human hepatocytes
- There seems to be an association between the polymorphism of the PPARA gene and decreased fasting serum triglyceride levels in glucose tolerant subjects.
- These results identify hepatic activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha as a mechanism underlying glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance.
- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha V162 allele is associated with reduced adiposity
- ARA70, a coactivator of the androgen receptor and PPARgamma, was identified as a ligand-enhanced coactivator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in a prostate cancer cell line.
- PPARalpha/RXRalpha complex was counteracted by the expression of ERRalpha in HeLa cells.
- agonists of PPAR alpha increased basal and insulin-stimulated PAI-1 antigen release with a mechanism involving gene transcription and requiring signaling through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
- In humans skeletal muscle PPARalpha expression and genes regulating lipid metabolism are tightly linked, but there was no association between both insulin sensitivity and BMI with PPARalpha expression in skeletal muscle.
- PPARalpha transcription factor as a major factor governing hepatic CoA levels by specific modulation of PANK1alpha gene expression
- Increases in PGC-1 and PPAR-alpha levels may play an important role in changes in muscle mitochondria content, oxidative phenotype, and sensitivity to insulin induced by endurance training.
- In type 2 diabetes there is a significant gene to gene interaction between the Ala55Val polymorphism in the uncoupling protein 2 gene ( UCP2) and the 161C>T polymorphism in the exon 6 of ppargamma.
- chronic treatment with the PPARalpha agonist fully prevents the acute phase response gene expression in wild-type but not in PPARalpha-deficient mice
- PPARalpha protects EC from glucose-mediated monocyte adhesion, in part through regulation of IL-6 production.
- Only SRC-2 serves as a true coactivator for PPARdelta, whereas all SRC members could enhance PPARalpha-induced transcriptional activation.
- PPARalpha and CITED2 proteins may participate in signaling cascades of hypoxic response and angiogenesis
- PPARalpha and HNF-4 competitively affect the human angiotensinogen promoter through the C region
- Our findings argue against a significant contribution of PPARalpha variations to the genetic basis of psoriasis.
- PPARalpha S179A-S230A protein displays an impaired ligand-induced transactivation activity and an enhanced trans-repression activity
- Genistein activated transcriptional activity of PPARalpha in fatty acid catabolism.
- data suggest that the PPARalpha polymorphism L162V might protect against the development of atherosclerosis or coronary heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2
- The antiinflammatory effects of fish oil may result from the inhibitory effects of oxidized omega-3 fatty acids on NF-kappaB activation via a PPARalpha-dependent pathway.
- BF may enhance the capacity of human hepatocytes to direct PC into bile canaliculi via PPARalpha-mediated redistribution of ABCB4 to the canalicular membrane
- PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma ligands induced apoptotic and antiproliferative responses in human breast cancer cell lines, respectively, which were associated with specific changes in gene expression.
- Data suggest that ERRalpha serves as a nodal point in the regulatory circuitry downstream of PGC-1alpha to direct the transcription of genes involved in mitochondrial energy-producing pathways in cardiac and skeletal muscle.
- This paper focuses on the functions of PPAR-alpha in fatty acid beta-oxidation, lipid metabolism, and vascular inflammation. PPAR-alpha genetics, the clinical use of PPAR-alpha activators and their future perspective are also discussed.
- CLOCK plays an important role in lipid homoeostasis by regulating the transcription of a key protein, PPARalpha
- new cytochrome P450 1A1 induction pathway involving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and 2 peroxisome proliferator response element sites.
- PPAR-alpha activation increases intracellular concentrations of ROS, through the activation of NADPH oxidase.
- Response to procetofen is associated with PPARA in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
- Activation of both PPARgamma and PPARalpha may contribute to the improvement in insulin sensitivity
- PPARalpha gene intron variants influence age at diagnosis of typw 2 diabetes.
- PPARalpha is one mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of hepatitis C infection.
- Effect of the L162V polymorphism on plasma TG and apoC-III concentrations depends on the dietary PUFA, with a high intake triggering lower TG in carriers of the 162V allele.
- PPARalpha has a role in CYP4X1 regulation, and the glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors have roles in CYP4Z1 gene activation
- Less likely to occur in squamous cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis than in normal skin.
- the ligand-independent tight control of the position of the PPAR helix 12 provides an effective alternative for establishing an interaction with CoA proteins
- Phe273Ala mutation dramatically reduced the binding affinity of ligands to PPARalpha; solvent effect may be concluded as the major source of the decrease of binding affinity and thereby of the decrease of its transcriptional activation activity
- variant frequencies of ICAM1, APOE, PPARA and PAI-1 genes in coronary artery disease patients and healthy blood donors; specific arrangement of polymorphic variants which differentiate both groups
- NPC1 and NPC2 mRNA depletion using small interfering RNA, abolished ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux induced by PPARalpha activators
- a L162V polymorphism at the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha locus modulates the risk of cardiovascular events associated with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus
- Data show that estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) reduces levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa) in breast cancer cell lines, and that reduction of ERa by sodium butyrate results in an increase in PPARa expression.
- PPAR alpha controls vascular smooth muscle cell-cycle progression at the G1/S transition by targeting cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and tumor suppressor p16INK4a
- a conserved functional PPAR responsive element downstream of the transcriptional start site of the human CPT1A gene is localized; this sequence is fundamental for fatty acids or PGC1-induced transcriptional activation of the CPT1A gene
- Our findings implicate PPARalpha in the lipid lowering associated with diets high in PUFA and suggests that genetic variation at the PPARA locus may determine the lipid response to changes in PUFA intake
- data show that PPARalpha activation causes an increased nephrin expression by a dual action, on the one hand by stimulating nephrin promoter activity and on the other hand by reducing nephrin mRNA degradation
- structural differences between human and mouse PPARalpha are responsible for the differential susceptibility to the peroxisome proliferator-induced hepatocarcinogenesis
- Thioredoxin inhibited the binding of PPARalpha to the PPAR-response element.
- In conclusion, PPARalpha intron 7 G/C polymorphism was associated with physical performance in Russian athletes/
- This review focuses on the mechanisms of action of PPAR alpha in metabolic diseases and their associated vascular pathologies.
- PPARalpha-V227A is a major polymorphism in the Japanese population, and its activity may be greater compared to wild-type, but decreased by alcohol drinking.
- Diminished lymphocytic expression of PPAR alpha and its activity may contribute to the inflammatory processes that are observed in cystic fibrosis.
- myeloperoxidase is regulated by LXR and PPARalpha ligands
- metabolism of a parent compound, beta-carotene, may alternatively activate (9-cisRA) or inhibit (beta-apo-14'-carotenal) specific RXR and PPAR responses
- In conclusion, CEOOH present in oxidized LDL increase CD36 gene expression in a pathway involving PPARalpha.
- Selected genes (long-chain fatty-acid-CoA ligase (FACL1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) and aquaporin 3 (AQP3) were down-regulated by PPARalpha siRNA in a kidney tumor cell line.
- Differential transcription occurring early in atopic dermatitis skin was indicated for CCL18, CCL13, IFNalpha2, PPARalpha and PPARgamma.
- PPAR-alpha agonist fenofibrate did not significantly affect insulin sensitivity or resistin/adiponectin concentrations in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Residues in PPAR alpha AF-2 transcription factor domain determine the positioning of helix 12 in the active conformation in the absence of a ligand.
- Single nuscleotide polymorphisms of PPARA increase the risk of type 2 diabetes alone and in combination with the SNPs of other genes acting closely with PPAR-alpha.
- PPARalpha transgenic mice that target constitutively activated PPARalpha specifically to hepatocytes do not develop hepatocellular carcinomas, even though they exhibit peroxisome proliferation and hepatocyte proliferation.
- Combined with abdominal obesity, epistasis in the VLDL pathway (lipoprotein lipase, apolipoprotein CIII, hepatic lipase, PPARalpha, PPARgamma, and apo E genes) has a deleterious effect on fasting triglycerides and coronary artery disease risk profile
- Data suggest that activator protein 2alpha and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha may be especially involved in the ozone-inducible up-regulation mechanism of bombesin receptor subtype 3 expression.
- REVIEW: PPARalpha has been shown to control transcriptional expression of key enzymes that are involved in fatty acid (FA) uptake and oxidation, triglyceride synthesis, mitochondrial respiration uncoupling, and glucose metabolism.
- Transgenic mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of PPAR alpha exhibit myocyte lipid accumulation and cardiac dysfunction.
- Data suggest that PPARalpha variants may modulate the risk of cardiovascular disease by influencing both fasting and postprandial lipid concentrations.
- Cytochrome P450 eicosanoids are agonists of PPAR alpha.
- Formation of a ligand for the nuclear receptor PPARalpha may be one possibility by which 12R-LOX and eLOX3 contribute to epidermal differentiation.
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma ligands can down-regulate iNOS DNA methylation
- Interleukin-6 inhibits human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha gene expression via CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins in hepatocytes.
- PPARalpha controls gene expression in human white adipocytes
- PPAR-alpha is not involved in the early regulation of delta5 desaturase gene by simvastatin, in THP-1 cells.
- Our results on association of PPARalpha and triglycerides in males showed a much larger effect of the V allele than previously reported in older and less healthy populations
- Finds influence of drinking, aging or exercise on TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels in A227 carriers may be different from those in PPARA-WT subjects in Japan.
- PPARalpha ligands not only serve as PPARalpha agonists but possibly act as CAR antagonists.
- Hence the anti-inflammatory effect of PPARalpha overrides the pro-inflammatory effect of AhR.
- PBMC gene expression profiles reflect nutrition-related metabolic changes such as fasting and that part of the fasting-induced changes are likely regulated by PPARalpha.
- PPAR-alpha mRNA expression is down-regulated in the liver of rats with chronic kidney failure and this down-regulation may play a role in the development of dyslipidemia.
- Ethanol and acetaldehyde inhibited PPAR-alpha transactivation.
- PPARalpha,gamma DNA methylation induced by Hcy may represent an important mechanism to explain atherosclerosis.
- Two PPARA SNPs, L162V and rs4253728 (intronic), are less prevalent in African-Americans than in Caucasians and in African-Americans only are associated with higher apoCIII and TG levels.
- Both mouse and human melanoma cells produced more PPARalpha and PPARgamma protein compared to melanocytes.
- review of role of activation of PPARalpha, -beta/delta, or -gamma or LXRs in skin physiology and cytology and disease
- Hepatic PPARalpha activation may provide an explanation for telmisartan's antidyslipidemic actions observed in recent clinical trials.
- fibrates simultaneously decreased PCSK9 expression while increasing PC5/6A and furin expression, indicating a broad action of PPARalpha activation in proprotein convertase-mediated lipid homeostasis.
- Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate inhibits endothelial inflammatory processes by a PPAR-alpha mechanism.
- PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma activation stimulates neoangiogenesis in umbilical veins through a VEGF-dependent mechanism.
- investigation of the functional significance of the V227A substitution affecting PPARalpha hinge region; results provide first indication that defective function of a natural PPARalpha variant was due at least partially to increased corepressor binding
- Current findings of PPARalpha and gamma open up the possibility of developing new therapeutic agents that modulate these nuclear receptors to control various inflammatory diseases.
- polymorphisms in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are critical susceptibility risk factors for dyslipidemias and diabetes [review]
- Stable structures and electronic properties for the complexes of PPARalpha and phthalate as well as adipate esters, were investigated.
- Overexpression of human truncated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha induces apoptosis in HL-1 cardiomyocytes.
- PPARalpha in human PBMCs regulates fatty acid and amino acid metabolism and PBMCs are a suitable model to study changes in PPARalpha activation in healthy humans.
- PPARA 3'UTR SNPs modulate the association between lipid concentrations and dietary n-6 fatty acid intake in whites and long-chain n-3 fatty acid intake in blacks.
- Gene-wide variations in PPARA and TLR4 genes were associated with MI. The minor allele of the PPARA SNP, rs4253623, was associated with a higher risk of MI.
- variants of PPARA modify the association between breast cancer and aspirin use.
- Results show that a persistent upregulation of PPAR-alpha binding activity and protein expression occurred in injured cortex after traumatic brain injury, which peaked 24 - 72 hours post-injury.
- FGF21 circulates in human plasma and increases by extreme fasting and PPARalpha activation.
- Report activation of human PPARalpha by perfluoroalkyl acids of different functional groups and chain lengths.
- The results of genetic variants analysis revealed that L162V PPARalpha polymorphism would not be present among Senegalese black population, and consequently, should not be involved in diabetes onset.
- PAR-5359, a well-balanced PPARalpha/gamma dual agonist, exhibits equivalent antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities in vitro and in vivo.
- PPAR-alpha and PGC-1A polymorphisms are associated with alcohol consumption in the Mediterranean population
- lower transactivity of PPAR delta for arachidonic acid in Caco-2 cells, compared with PPAR alpha, is associated with the binding activity of p300 to the receptor
- stimulation of PPARalpha in human macrophages might reduce arterial inflammation through differential regulation of the Trx-1 and VDUP-1 gene expression
- PPAR-alpha val227ala polymorphism may be involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and play a protective role in obesity.
- Interaction between PPARA genotype and beta-blocker treatment influences clinical outcomes following acute coronary syndromes.
- Endogenous PPARalpha regulates PDZK1 expression.
- the response of the pleural mesothelium to LTB4 is the result of a balance between the activation of receptors for LTB4 with a proinflammatory outcome (BLT2) and the activation of a different receptor for LTB4 with an anti-inflammatory outcome (PPAR).
- Term human labour is associated with changes in expression and activity of PPAR isoforms and its transcription partner, RXRalpha.
- A-FABP is a candidate progression marker of human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder that is differentially regulated by PPAR in urothelial cancer cells
- Polymorphsms may increase risk of myocardial infarct.