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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for EPO(NM_000799.3) Search again
Product ID:
HQP095534
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
DBAL, ECYT5, EP, MVCD2
Gene Description:
erythropoietin
Target Gene Accession:
NM_000799.3(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
This gene is a member of the EPO/TPO family and encodes a secreted, glycosylated cytokine composed of four alpha helical bundles. The protein is found in the plasma and regulates red cell production by promoting erythroid differentiation and initiating hemoglobin synthesis. This protein also has neuroprotective activity against a variety of potential brain injuries and antiapoptotic functions in several tissue types. [provided by RefSeq].
Gene References into function
- used a transient global spinal ischemia model in rabbits to test whether exogenous EPO can cross the blood-spinal cord barrier and protect these motor neurons.
- Carbohydrate content and structure of EPO are important determinants in their half-life in the circulation.
- Erythropoietin, tumours and the von Hippel-Lindau gene: towards identification of mechanisms and dysfunction of oxygen sensing.
- renal failure patients mounted an EPO response to hypoxia but at lower EPO levels
- Serum erythropoietin levels (s-[epo]), haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), haematocrit (hct), and ferritin concentration ([fer]) were measured in seven healthy male volunteers (20-23 years) exposed continuously to hypoxia (PO(2) 14 kPa) for 10 days
- Influence of controlled hypoxia and radical scavenging agents on erythropoietin and malondialdehyde concentrations in humans.
- Data suggest that erythropoietin may be an endogenous stimulant of blood vessel growth during neonatal gastrointestinal development.
- Two to three weeks after initiation of hydroxyurea treatment, the sEpo values started to increase and reached levels three to 31 times higher than the baseline two to three weeks later.
- While both Epo and Epo-R were detected in all samples of isolated epithelial cells analysed throughout the menstrual cycle, neither one was detected in isolated stromal cells. Epo and Epo-R protein expression in glandular epithelial cells was increased
- Prostaglandin-E2 enhances EPO-mediated STAT5 transcriptional activity by serine phosphorylation of CREB.
- Increased levels of circulating thrombopoietin were found in patients with clonal thrombocytosis versus patients with reactive thrombocytosis, indicating a potential differential diagnosis tool.
- data suggest that although chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) anemia is not characterized by inadequate Epo production, in some CLL patients this factor may be correlated; in these cases, levels of TNF-alpha were higher than in other anemic cases
- REVIEW: pathways by which transcription of erythropoietin is regulated by availability of molecular oxygen
- hypoxia-inducible gene expression in human neuroblastoma cells
- triggers a signaling pathway (MAPK p42/44) in vascular endothelial cells and increases the thrombogenicity of their extracellular matrices
- All regions of kidney express erythropoietin receptors. Review.
- erythropoietin signalling contributes to the growth and/or survival of both transformed cells and capillary endothelial cells in female reproductive system tumours.
- Direct comparison of nonglycosylated vs. glycosylated EPO demonstrates how both carbohydrate core structure and sialic acid can dampen electrostatic contributions to receptor association rate constant with little effect on dissociation rate.
- may play an important role in signal transduction via EpoR on erythroid progenitor in CRF patients.
- a key role for NF-kappaB in EPO gene regulation in response to hypoxia
- Epo and Epo-R localized within glandular epithelial cells in both peritoneal endometriosis and eutopic endometrium. Role in pathophysiology of endometriosis.
- Inhibition of erythropoietin(Epo) gene expression by cadmium depends on suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1) binding activity.
- Results suggest that increased expression of erythropoietin may play a significant role in cervical carcinogenesis and tumor progression.
- hemoglobin levels are related to the rise in serum EPO that occurs during pregnancy
- protein CBP/p300 was shown to be essential for EPO- and SCF-mediated STAT5 transactivation
- Novel function for EPO by providing in vivo evidence for a physiological role during fibrin-induced wound healing.
- These findings suggest that recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) attenuates ischemia-induced inflammation by reducing neuronal death rather than by direct effects upon EPO-receptor-expressing inflammatory cells.
- GATA-4 is critical for transcription of the Epo gene in hepatocytes and may contribute to the switch in the site of Epo gene expression from the fetal liver to the adult kidney
- Only a minority of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) expressed EPO, and there were no significant differences between the PTC that did or did not express EPO.
- after rHuEpo stimulation in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay, the generation of new blood vessels occurred more frequently following an intussusceptive microvascular growth mechanism
- EPO stimulation significantly increased the level of Akt phosphorylation, the downstream target of PI3-kinase.
- Overexpression of EPO protects islets from destruction and does not compromise islet function. Genetic engineering with EPO may improve islet survival and engraftment in transplant setting, but regulation of gene expression will be important prerequisite
- Results show that recombinant human erythropoietin reduces brain injury, especially apoptotic cell death, after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.
- Erythropoietin deficiency may be one of the endocrine abnormalities associated with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I.
- EPO levels increased incompensatively in anemia of chronic disease (ACD) children, which may be a cause of ACD.
- Erythropoietin protein was constitutively present in seminal plasma. The seminal EPO originated from the prostate and seminal vesicle. No association between EPO levels in seminal plasma and sperm parameters was found.
- Review summarizes current knowledge of the nonerythropoietic roles of Epo, its neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties, the mechanisms by which Epo produces neuroprotection and the signal transduction systems regulated by Epo in the nervous system.
- Results show no significant difference in erythropoietin values between non-anemic patients with liver disease and controls.
- EPO is important for development of the brain and is neuroprotective, whereas it stimulates angiogenesis in the reproductive tract and possibly in other organs--REVIEW
- Increased erythropoietin expression is associated with endometrial carcinoma
- Initial studies of recombinant erythropoietin as therapy for infants with neurologic injury are encouraging. Review.
- erythropoietin and hypoxia stimulate erythropoietin receptor and nitric oxide production in vascular endothelial cells
- EPO+IGF-I exert cooperative actions that afford acute neuroprotection via activation of the PI3-K-Akt pathway
- the complete EPO enhancer displayed dependency on HIF-2alpha regulation, indicating that additional cis-acting elements confer HIF-2alpha specificity within this region
- erythropoietin has a role in healing of ischemic skin wounds
- The performance-enhancing effect of recombinant erythropoietin treatment is greater than the duration and diagnosis of hematologic changes associated with recombinant erythropoietin misuse.
- Brahma and Brahma/SWI2-related gene 1 have roles in hypoxic induction of the erythropoietin gene
- Increased erythropoietin may be a potential reversible mechanism to explain the association between obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease.
- erythropoietin has a protective role against cancer and brain injury [review]
- Epression of erythropoietin in prostate cancer cell lines suggesting that these cells may serve as useful experimental models for further studies of erythropoietin function for growth regulation in prostate cancer.
- Prenatal high amniotic fluid erythropoietin levels can identify type 1 diabetic pregnancies at increased risk of severe perinatal complications.
- Further investigations are needed to understand the mechanism of the hepatoprotective effect of erythropoietin and the clinical importance of ischemic liver injury in the fetus.
- Angiotensin II does not alter EPO production in HepG2 cell culture under normoxic or hypoxic conditions.
- erythropoietin and EPOR are co-expressed in tumor cells, suggesting that erythropoietin may potentially function as an autocrine or paracrine factor in head and neck cancer
- in vivo EPO does not affect the functionality and/or production of components of the VEGF/Flt-1 system in diabetics with normal or reduced renal function.
- erythropoietin was expressed in one half of samples by immunohistochemistry and in 100% of samples by mRNA detection in non-small cell lung carcinomas.
- Results showed that VHL disease-associated renal clear cell carcinomas and renal cysts coexpress erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor.
- EPO may have a role in oxygenation during gestation and placental sufficiency, as seen in this study of monozygotic and dizygotic twins' cord blood analysis
- Recombinant human erythropoietin treatment of endothelial cells causes a significant increase in asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels in the cell culture medium.
- autocrine and paracrine functions of Epo might play a role in malignant transformation of melanocytes and in the survival of melanoma cells in hypoxia
- Coexpression of Erythropoietin and Erythropoietin receptor was found in all five Hippel Lindau disease-associated pheochromocytomas.
- the erythropoietin functions that promote cell survival and proliferation are affected by aluminum exposure through mechanisms involving erythropoietin receptor
- Hemoglobin and serum EPO levels were significantly higher in the chronic obstructive lung disease group than in pulmonaary fibrosis patients and controls.
- results define a novel role for EPO in mediating tumor cell invasion; increased levels of EPO/EPOR in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors from HNSCC patients further support the role of EPO/EPOR in HNSCC disease progression and metastasis
- Erythropoietin signaling has a role in promoting invasiveness of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- Multiple logistic regression revealed a significant association between the appearance of nucleated RBCs in the blood and erythropoietin, IL-3, IL-6, and age.
- In conclusion, erythropoietin may attenuate high glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis via PI-3 kinase pathway.
- Elevated in vitreous fluid of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
- under a variety of conditions rEPO undergoes thermal or urea-induced denaturation that may be considered as a reversible two-state process characterized by unusually high (thermal) or moderate (urea-induced) extent of the residual structure
- Erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor are expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- Epo is degraded faster than NESP at the cellular level
- Therefore, rhEPO could be an effective drug for the prevention of hearing loss via a hair cell protective mechanism.
- Binding of the transcriptionally competent Wt1(-KTS) isoform to the minimal EPO promoter was demonstrated; this promoter was activated up to 20-fold by transient cotransfection of Wt1(-KTS) in different cell lines.
- Coexpression of erythropoietin and its receptor plays a important role in tumorigenesis of sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
- Epo treatment inhibits neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury in NO-dependent manner by acting on injured vessels and mobilizing endothelial progenitor cells to neo-endothelium.
- NF-kappaB is probably the primary transcription factor by which cAMP counteracts the inhibition of Epo gene expression by IL-1.
- findings show that three thyroid cancer cell lines expressed Epo and EpoR mRNA and that the hypoxia-mimetic cobalt induced Epo expression
- bicycle taxi drivers with subclinical lead toxicity have decreased serum EPO
- The effect of 2-oxoglutarate on the production of erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), was examined.
- EPO, at pharmacological concentrations, can activate three major signalling cascades, viz. the Jak2/STAT5, Ras/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines
- Erythropoietin is expressed in the human retina, and it is upregulated in diabetic patients even without retinopathy.
- A "classical" homodimeric erythropoietin receptor is essental for the antiapoptotic effects of Epo on differentiated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
- Lysine-containing peptides comprising glycosylation sites derived from recombinant human erythropoietin were derivatized with 2-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole and its deuterated analogues.
- Cervical cancers with higher Epo expression showed a significantly reduced overall survival and correlated significantly with apoptosis.
- Epo increases hippocampus response during picture retrieval compared with placebo independent of changes in hematocrit.
- EPO prevents aberrant remodeling of the injured carotid artery. The protective effects of EPO are critically dependent on activation of eNOS.
- rhEPO treatment inhibits the progression of renal fibrosis in obstructed kidney and attenuates the TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
- Adaptive mechanisms to hematocrit levels of erythropoietin-overexpressing transgenic mice show increased plasma nitric oxide levels and erythrocyte flexibility.
- Review discusses studies on EPO circadian, monthly and even annual variations; studies in connection with short-, medium- and long-term exercise at sea-level and studies performed at moderate and high altitude [review].
- Blockade of Epo inhibits retinal neovascularization in vivo, and inhibits endothelial cell proliferation response in diabetic reginopathy.
- Data show that human scalp hair follicles express erythropoietin (EPO), up-regulate EPO transcription under hypoxic conditions, and express transcripts for EPO receptors and the EPO-stimulatory transcriptional cofactor hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha.
- Erythopoietin confers immediate and sustained protection of the heart against injury from ischemia/reperfusion by a mechanism involving activation of protein kinases and ATP-dependent potassium channels.
- Statistically analyzed distributions of the proteins reflected functional dependences among STAT3, HIF-1alpha, EPO and EPOR in cellular signal conduction.
- EPO contributes to regulation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation; in pathological conditions such as brain ischemia, this growth factor may control HPA axis function, preventing possible detrimental effects of HPA overactivation.
- Review. Epo exhibits a "tissue-protective" effect on nonhematopoietic tissues, possibly mediated through a novel heteroreceptor, blocking apoptosis by a variety of insults. However, Epo may have a potential direct growth-promoting action on cancer cells.
- Erythropoietin has a significant angiogenic effect in rat kidney with cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity.
- Epo and EpoR were expressed neuroblastomas but did not modify tumor cell proliferation.
- The impact of Epo overexpression in mice and the resulting excessive erythrocytosis in the neural control of normoxic and hypoxic ventilation is reported.
- hTERT appears to be efficiently regulated by EPO and TGFbeta in an opposite way in erythropoietic cells, arguing for a role of telomerase in red blood cell production
- EPO protects the intestine against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
- erythropoietin receptor and erythropoietin have roles in the autocrine/paracrine mechanism of growth enhancement in human ovarian cancer cells
- Epo has a role in reducing expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-10 in ovarian cancer cells
- results suggest that PI3K/Akt and GSK-3beta pathway are involved in the neuroprotective effect of EPO
- Erythropoietin levels in the familial cases of restless leg syndrome were significantly lower than in the reference population.
- Recovery of neurological function in a model of peripheral nerve injury is more rapid with weekly administration of darbepoetin alfa than with daily recombinant human erythropoietin treatment.
- Recombinant erythropoietin promotes hepatic regeneration after extended liver resection in rats.
- aqueous humor EPO level is increased in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma.
- Administration of rhEPO protects neurons by enhancing Bcl-2 expression, thereby inhibiting traumatic brain injury-induced neuronal apoptosis.
- Erythropoietin levels in cord blood were not different between preterm infants with and without periventricular leukomalacia.
- rHuEpo injection reduced the peritoneal exudate macrophages iron retention. The uptake of Fe(II) was decreased via the suppression of DMT1 (+IRE) expression and the release of Fe(II) was increased with increasing the expression of FPN1 in macrophages.
- In vitro biological activity of egg white-hEpo was comparable to that produced by recombinant CHO cells.
- study shows breast epithelial cells are a source of Epo in breast microenvironment, suggesting presence of a paracrine/autocrine Epo function in Nipple Aspirate Fluids, triggering intracellular signaling cascade with subsequent breast cancer initiation
- In hippocampal neurons, Stat5 is not required for neuroprotection by EPO but is, together with Akt essential for its neurotrophic activity.
- TRPC3 Tyr(226) is critical in Epo-dependent activation of TRPC3
- EPO and EPO Receptor have roles in apoptosis in pancreatic cells
- Epo overexpression is an early event in the retina of diabetic patients.
- Epo mRNA and protein concentrations increase with increasing gestational age and are greater in the vitreous than serum. Changes in Epo production following preterm delivery might affect retinal vascular development.
- in newborn cord blood, the higher number of red cells and reticulocytes with lower Hb content may have impaired the oxygen carrying capacity that has been a trigger for EPO production
- These results suggest that rs1617640 in the EPO promoter is significantly associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and end stage renal disease.
- expression in placenta increased in abortive tissue and hydatidiform mole
- decreased EPO levels in familial amyloidosis TTR V30M correlated with the prohepcidin levels
- Recombinant human EPO does not effect survival or the polarized morphology of hippocampal neurons but its effect on neurite outgrowth depends upon the stage of polarization.
- ABELLA for the sialylated recombinant EPO present in CHO culture supernatant is reported.
- DCs are directly affected by EPO renders them as potential candidates that mediate the immunomodulatory actions of EPO.