|
ORF cDNA clones
|
CRISPR / TALEN
|
Lentivirus
|
AAV
|
TALE-TF
|
ORF knockin clones
|
|
Antibody
|
Proteins
|
miRNA target clones
|
qPCR primers
|
shRNA clones
|
miRNA products
|
Promoter clones
|
Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for EGFR(NM_005228.4) Search again
Product ID:
HQP088516
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
ERBB, ERBB1, ERRP, HER1, NISBD2, PIG61, mENA
Gene Description:
epidermal growth factor receptor
Target Gene Accession:
NM_005228.4(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the protein kinase superfamily.
Gene References into function
- A truncated form of the hEGFR ectodomain comprising residues 1-501, unlike the full-length hEGFR ectodomain (residues 1-621), binds hEGF and hTGF-alpha with high affinity and is a competitive inhibitor of EGF-stimulated mitogenesis.
- Chemical/biological model for EGFR activation.
- EGFR has been detected in the nucleus and might function as a transcription factor to activate gene transcription.
- The data presented here demonstrate that, in contrast to activation by the cytokine, growth hormone (GH), the activation of STAT5b by the growth factor, epidermal growth factor (EGF), requires overexpression of the EGF receptor (EGFR).
- effects of receptor-selective retinoid ligands on EGFR-associated signal transduction
- Interaction of the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor with gangliosides
- this study, 11 analogs of a fragment of the B-loop of EGF-related peptides from several species were synthesized to study binding to A431 human epidermoid carcinoma using both 125I-EGF and [3'4'-3H-Tyr(22,29), Abu(20,31)]EGF(20-31)-NH(2).
- CsA affects EGF-r metabolism in gingival keratinocytes resulting in an increased number of cell surface receptors
- Calmodulin binds to the EGFR
- data demonstrate that prostaglandin E2 transactivates EGFR and triggers mitogenic signaling in gastric epithelial and colon cancer cells as well as in rat gastric mucosa in vivo
- sequestration in non-caveolar lipid rafts inhibits lipid binding
- Cbl-CIN85-endophilin complex mediates ligand-induced downregulation of EGF receptors
- estrogen transactivates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to MAP K signaling axis via GPR30;implications for breast cancer biology
- Identification of epidermal growth factor receptor as a target of Cdc25A protein phosphatase
- contig map for the EGFR region and markers positioned on its associated physical map to the analysis of 7p11.2 amplifications in a series of glioblastomas.
- EGFR is often strongly expressed and is a potential therapeutic target in patients with malignant thymic tumors
- Antisense epidermal growth factor receptor RNA transfection in human glioblastoma cells down-regulates telomerase activity and telomere length.
- epidermal growth factor receptor activity on fertilization capacity of testicular harvested spermatozoa
- results suggest a potential mechanism by which maintenance of low levels of EGFR expression and subsequent EGFR upregulation may be attributed to the loss of transcriptional repression of EGFR gene expression in hormone-dependent breast cancer cells
- Src-dependent phosphorylation of the EGFR at Tyr-845 is required for EGFR transactivation and zinc-induced Ras activation
- Effects of pharmacologic antagonists of epidermal growth factor receptor, PI3K and MEK signal kinases on NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation and IL-8 and VEGF expression in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines.
- blocking of ubiquitination by inhibiting Src family kinases
- novel mechanism of EGFR internalization that does not require ligand binding, receptor kinase activity, or ubiquitylation and does not direct the receptor into a degradative pathway
- Dephosphorylation of the EGFR and the consequent suppression of EGFR signalling. Review.
- second cysteine-rich region contains targeting information for caveolae/rafts
- Helicobacter pylori-stimulated EGF receptor transactivation requires metalloprotease cleavage of HB-EGF
- determination of decorin binding site
- Expression of this molecule and its correlation with prognostic markers in patients with head and neck tumors
- Detection of serum epidermal growth factor receptor in the diagnosis of proliferation of pituitary adenomas
- These data demonstrate a distinct radiation response profile at the transcriptional level that is dependent on enhanced EGFR/Ras/MAPK signaling.
- These results indicate that epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors can form a ligand-independent inactive dimer and that receptor dimerization and activation are mechanistically distinct and separable events.
- ErbB1 and ErbB2 employ different mechanisms of plasma membrane targeting during keratinocyte differentiation; cytoskeletal association may facilitate the coupling of activated ErbB1 and ERK.
- Rac activation upon cell-cell contact formation is dependent on signaling from here
- Differential EGFR patterns by interphase cytogenetics in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and morphologically similar spindle cell neoplasms.
- Results show that the juxtamembrane region of the epidermal growth factor receptor is necessary for accurate polarized expression of the native molecule.
- The results of this study indicate that dual inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways can cooperatively enhance apoptosis in breast cancers.
- Stimulation of cells with EGF rapidly leads to phosphorylation of Hrs, raising the question whether the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylates Hrs directly. Several downstream kinases, rather than the active receptor kinase are responsible.
- These results demonstrate that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) alters EGFR membrane trafficking and down-regulates EGFR growth signaling.
- EGF receptor expression was elevated in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenic
- Cbl-directed monoubiquitination of CIN85 is involved in regulation of ligand-induced degradation of EGF receptors.
- findings suggest an increase in functional TGF-alpha and activation of the EGFr in response to IFN-gamma
- Data show that human sprouty2 potentiates epidermal growth factor receptor signalling by specifically intercepting c-Cbl-mediated effects on receptor down-regulation.
- Data indicate that phospholipase A2 downregulates the EGF receptor-mediated intracellular signal transduction that may be mediated by arachidonic acid and/or ceramide.
- Crystal structure of a truncated epidermal growth factor receptor extracellular domain bound to transforming growth factor alpha.
- Crystal structure of the complex of human epidermal growth factor and receptor extracellular domains
- caveolin-1/EGFR association and is critical for the EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-1 that is associated with its inhibition of EGFR activation.
- determination of whether G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 can phosphorylate and desensitize epidermal growth factor receptor
- Human cytomegalovirus infection inhibits epidermal growth factor (EGF) signalling by targeting EGF receptors
- ligand-independent activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor is triggered by cholesterol depletion from the plasma membrane
- Endocytosis is regulated by Grb2-mediated recruitment of the Rab5 GTPase-activating protein RN-tre.
- Cell proliferation, nuclear ploidy, and EGFr and HER2/neu tyrosine kinase oncoproteins in infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma.
- epidermal growth factor receptor may have a role in disease relapse and progression to androgen-independence in human prostate cancer
- mediation of synergism with c-src by STAT5b
- mediates increased cell proliferation, migration, and aggregation in esophageal keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo
- hydrogen peroxide increases cPLA(2) activity through its phosphorylation utilizing an epithelial growth factor/Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 pathway.
- EGF receptor is activated in a pathway that requires ARF4 to induce phospholipase D2
- Mutual interaction of EGFR with c-Src is required for many EGFR-mediated cellular functions including proliferation, migration, survival and EGFR endocytosis, as discussed in this review.
- EGFR, DI, and the diploid are valuable targets for judging metastasis and recurrence of gastric cancer before and after operation.
- Expression of the invasive phenotype in breast epithelial cells requires increased EGF receptor signaling, involving both PI 3-kinase and Erk 1,2 activities, which leads to enhanced secretion of MMP-9 and transcription of invasion-related genes.
- Levels of this receptor are lowered in cryptorchism.
- targeting in cancer, involved in apoptosis (REVIEW)
- activation regulates mutation and epidermal growth factor receptor activation regulates vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression in human glioblastoma cells by transactivating the proximal VEGF promoter.
- TPA-induced AP-1 activation requires EGFR protein, but not EGFR tyrosine kinase and EGFR autophosphorylation at tyrosine(1173), whereas both EGFR tyrosine kinase and EGFR autophosphorylation at Y(1173) play a critical role in EGF-induced AP-1 activation.
- SKMG-3 cells produced high levels of EGFR protein. Signals from overexpressed EGFRs contribute to the constitutive phosphorylation of Erk, but these signals may not be required for the constitutive activation of PI3K or AKT1.
- role in mediating thromboxane A2-dependent -signal-regulated kinase activation
- the mechanism of attenuated ERK signaling in EGFR-overexpressing cells is a sequestration of ERKs at the cell membrane in EGFR-containing complexes.
- Review. Mucin transcription in response to both gram-positive bacteria and tobacco smoke is mediated through activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
- Expression of EGFR seems to play an important role in metastasis, especially liver metastasis and recurrence of pancreatic cancer.
- in glioblastoma multiforme patients a complex relationship exists between epidermal growth factor receptor expression and age
- results demonstrate that tamoxifen resistant MCF-7 cell growth is mediated by the autocrine release and action of an epidermal growth factor receptor-specific ligand inducing preferential epidermal growth factor receptor/c-erbB2 dimerization
- Inhibition of erbB receptor family members protects HaCaT keratinocytes from ultraviolet-B-induced apoptosis. This inhibition was specific for the erbB receptor family and specific for ultraviolet-B-induced apoptosis.
- EGFR binds to c-src and has a role in oncogenesis
- Exogenous OPN increased EGFR mRNA expression, as well as EGFR kinase activity. Inhibition of EGFR significantly impaired the cell migration response to OPN.
- Comparative study in the expression of p53, EGFR, TGF-alpha, and cyclin D1 in verrucous carcinoma, verrucous hyperplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region.
- Five autophosphorylation sites in the extra-kinase C-terminal domain of EGFR are not required for the ability of EGFR to induce morphological differentiation of PC12 cells.
- data indicate that growth hormone, by activating extracellular signal related kinases, can modulate epidermal growth factor-induced epidermal growth factor receptor trafficking and signaling
- Epidermal growth factor and ionizing radiation up-regulate the DNA repair genes XRCC1 & ERCC1 in DU145 & LNCaP prostate carcinoma through MAPK signaling indicating a capacity of the EGFR-ERK signaling to modulate DNA repair in cancer cells.
- EGFR microsatellite polymorphism is associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
- Expression of EGF and EGFR is involved in the gallbladder carcinogenesis, and is related to high activity of cell proliferation.
- propose a role of Ent-1 in the trafficking of EGFR to down-regulate intestinal mitogenic signals, highlighting the mechanisms of cell growth arrest associated with enterocytic differentiation
- Human colon carcinoma cells that overexpress cyclooxygenase exhibit growth stimulation and induction of this protein.
- Overexpression of an introduced EGFR, under an E1A-insensitive heterologous promoter, blocked E1A induction of apoptosis in SCC cells. E1A-mediated EGFR downregulation appears to be the cause not consequence of E1A-induced apoptosis in these cells.
- Data show that by using RNA interference , the expression of endogenous erbB1 can be specifically and extensively suppressed in A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells.
- The study found that over-expression of EGFR occurred more often in cases of cervical cancer (50%) compared to breast cancer cases (36%), while in breast cancer EGFR expression correlated significantly with metastasis of the lymph nodes.
- EGFR/HER2 heterodimers traffic as single entities; levels of HER2 in normal cells are barely at the threshold necessary to drive efficient heterodimerization
- Nitric oxide and nitric oxide donors induce EGF receptor phosphorylations, in A431 tumor cells.
- deltaEGFR may contribute to glioblastoma development
- EGFRvIII expressed in human tumors is phosphorylated and hence activated; sustained activation of EGFRvIII is implicated in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancers
- ZO-1 bound to EGFR irrespective of the phosphorylation status of EGFR. EGFR associated ZO-1 was highly tyrosine-phosphorylated only in primary colorectal cancers but was dephosphorylated in the liver-metastasized cancers.
- The expression of this protein was not different in the clone cell variants or the A431 parental line.
- Results suggest that epidermal growth factor receptor and protein kinase C activation are involved in 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced cell signaling for modulation of cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion and cell shape in Caco-2 cells.
- signaling intensity determines intracellular protein interactions, ubiquitination, and internalization
- Loss of PTEN/MMAC1/TEP in tumor cells expression this protein counteracts the antitumor action of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
- carboxyl-terminal mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor alters tyrosine kinase activity and substrate specificity
- androgens promote an increase in the activity of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-network by increasing ErbB1 levels, and this activity of is essential for androgen-induced proliferation and survival of the prostate cancer LNCaP cell line.
- findings establish Cbl protein as the major endogenous ubiquitin ligase responsible for epidermal growth factor receptor degradation
- EGFR gene expression is identified in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme
- Seasonal allergic rhinitis subject showed significant elevation in EGFR expression, consistent with the observation of mucus hypersecretion in allergic rhinitis.
- Epidermal growth factor receptor-independent constitutive activation of STAT3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is mediated by the autocrine/paracrine stimulation of the interleukin 6/gp130 cytokine system.
- HEGFR was expressed in the subventricular zone embryologically
- Epidermal growth factor receptor negatively regulates intracellular kinase activation in the absence of ligand
- Characterization and expression of novel 60-kDa and 110-kDa EGFR isoforms in human placenta.
- Data show that stimulation of epidermal growth factor receptors differentially regulates chemokine expression in keratinocytes.
- PGE2 regulates cell migration via the EGFR, and affects cell division and neoplasm invasiveneess.
- Data support that EGFR and HER-2/neu play an important role in cell cycle control in ductal carcinoma in situ.
- The results suggest that activation and nuclear localization of EGFR may be needed for induction of NOS-2 in response to elevated intraocular pressure in glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
- Ligand-induced EGFR degradation is preceded by proteasome-dependent EGFR de-ubiquitination.
- Data show that detachment-induced expression of Bim requires a lack of beta(1)-integrin engagement, downregulation of EGF receptor (EGFR) expression and inhibition of Erk signalling.
- PLSCR1, through its interaction with Shc, promotes Src kinase activation through the EGF receptor.
- EGFR is a necessary component for HCMV-triggered signalling and viral entry
- endosomal epidermal growth factor receptor stimulates cell growth
- EGFR has a role in beta2 tyrosine phosphorylation of AP-2 by interacting at receptor 974YRAL and di-leucine motifs
- Results demonstrate that mice humanised for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) display tissue-specific hypomorphic phenotypes and describe a novel function for EGFR in bone development.
- EGF receptor down-regulation by UVA may play an important role in the execution of the cell suicide program by attenuating its anti-apoptotic function
- EGFR is an aldosterone-induced protein and is involved in the manifold (patho)biological actions of aldosterone
- EGFR overexpression is frequent in NSCLC, is most prominent in SCC, and correlates with increased gene copy number per cell. High gene copy numbers per cell showed a trend toward poor prognosis.
- identification of ligand-induced site-specific phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor
- depending on their localization, oxytocin receptors transactivate EGFR and activate ERK1/2 using different signalling intermediates. The final outcome is a different temporal pattern of EGFR and ERK1/2 phosphorylation
- These results indicate that the EGFR signaling pathway is involved in urothelial regeneration.
- Mitogenic effects of gastrin-releasing peptide in head and neck squamous cells are mediated by activation of EGFR.
- ERBB1 is overexpressed and may play a role in high-grade diffusely infiltrative pediatric brain stem glioma
- Infection of primary cells with adenoviruses carrying the relevant point mutations confirmed the crucial role of putative YXX Phi and dileucine (LL) transport motifs within Ad2 10.4-14.5 for down-regulation of Fas, TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, and EGFR.
- Epidermal growth factor receptor (a potential therapeutic target) and SALL2 stained most cases of synovial sarcoma; staining was significantly less common among other tested sarcomas.
- ganglioside GM3 inhibits integrin-induced, ligand-independent epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation (cross-talk) through suppression of Src family kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
- Up-regulation of EGFR is associated with renal cell carcinoma
- cholesterol depletion with cyclodextrin induced an increase in both basal and EGF-stimulated EGF receptor phosphorylation, at specific tyrosine sites, that was associated with an increase in the intrinsic kinase activity of the EGF receptor kinase.
- the EGF receptor is abundantly expressed in epithelioid vascular smooth muscle cells and the activation of this receptor results in cell cycle arrest through activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway
- lysosomal degradation by adenovirus E3 RIDalpha protein dependent on specific domains
- findings suggest that the coexpression of c-erbB-2 oncogene protein, epidermal growth factor receptor, and TGF-beta1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is related to the histopathological grades and clinical stages of tumors
- heregulin/EGFR system as a possible important physiologic growth regulatory system in melanocytes in which multiple deregulations may occur during progression toward melanoma, all resulting in, or indicating, growth factor independence.
- demonstration that metalloproteinase-mediated transactivation of the EGFR is a key mechanism of the cellular signalling network that promotes MAPK activation as well as tumour cell migration and invasion
- transactivation of the EGFr is required for the full expression of cAMP-dependent Cl- secretory responses
- data suggest that agonist-induced binding of Src kinase to the Src homology 3 binding sites in the P2Y(2) purinergic receptor facilitates Src activation and allows Src to efficiently phosphorylate the epidermal growth factor receptor
- E-cadherin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are associated in mammary epithelial cells and that E-cadherin engagement in these cells induces transient activation of EGFR, as previously seen in keratinocytes.
- The Id-1-induced androgen-independent prostate cancer cell growth was correlated with up-regulation of EGF-R.
- results support a structural model for oligomerization of EGF receptors in which dimers are positioned head-to-head with respect to the ligand-binding site
- SHP-2/Gab1 association is critical for linking EGFR to NF-kappaB transcriptional activity via the PI3-kinase/Akt signaling axis in glioblastoma cells
- sorting of endocytosed epidermal growth factor receptor into the degradation pathway requires both its kinase activity and actin-binding domain
- involvement urokinase plasminogen activator secretion and cell motility in breast cancer cells
- EGFR and ErbB-2 have roles in ligand-dependent apoptosis that could be a natural mechanism to protect tissues from unrestricted proliferation
- the adhesion-dependent activation of EGF receptor signaling is promoted by L1-type CAMs in vitro and in vivo
- the relationship between the egfr polymorphism and breast cancer risk
- Overexpression of EGFR is associated with recurrent non-small cell lung cancer
- PGF(2 alpha)-FP receptor may promote endometrial tumorigenesis via phospholipase C-mediated phosphorylation of EGF receptor and MAPK signaling pathways.
- CaM co-immunoprecipitates with EGF-activated and non-activated receptors
- EGFR and c-Src-mediated Stat-3 activation is facilitated by Pyk2
- A significantly higher frequency of EGFR expression occurred in PC than in AC glottic cancer.
- EGFR and COX-2 cooperate to promote cervical neoplasm progression
- a novel and important role for metalloprotease activation and EGFR transmodulation in mediating the cellular response to TNF
- Sustained hyaluronan depolymerization is expected to cause tissue kallikrein activation, EGF release, and EGFR signaling.
- Trypsin exerts robust trophic action on colon cancer cells and underline the critical role of EGF-R transactivation.
- Cell surface expression of EGFR is associated with osteosarcoma pathogenesis
- whole gene amplifications of egfr are rare in invasive breast cancer and explain protein overexpression in only about 12.5% of invasive breast cancer cases
- epidermal growth factor receptor and CD95 activation are triggered by Src family kinase Yes
- The EGFR pathway may be a specific, signal transduction pathway that regulates reactive astrocytes to form cavernous spaces in the glial scars following CNS injury and in the compressed optic nerve in glaucomatous optic nerve neuropathy.
- PPARgamma and EGFR signalling have roles in urothelial terminal differentiation
- EGFR regulation by E-cadherin was associated with complex formation between EGFR and E-cadherin that depended on the extracellular domain of E-cadherin but was independent of beta-catenin binding or p120-catenin binding
- Intensive staining of EGF-R is associated with invasive tumours of bladder
- Data show that epidermal growth factor receptor signaling results in phosphorylation of CUG-BP1, and leads to increased binding of CUG-BP1 to CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP beta) mRNA and elevated expression of the C/EBPbeta LIP isoform.
- misfolding of the LDLR epidermal growth factor-AB pair results from low density lipoprotein receptor familial hypercholesterolemia mutations
- A subgroup of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer have specific mutations in the EGFR gene, which correlate with clinical responsiveness to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib.
- somatic mutations of EGFR were found in 15 of 58 non-small cell lung cancer tumors from Japan and 1 of 61 from the United States; EGFR mutations may predict sensitivity to gefitinib
- Results provide an explanation for cell surface receptor cross-talk involving the Met receptor and link G protein-coupled receptors and the epidermal growth factor receptor to the oncogenic potential of Met signaling in human carcinoma cells.
- P. 445:"The EGF receptor (EGFR), a glycoprotein of 170 kDA, has also been intensily studied and finally located on chromosome 17, region p13l13-q22."
- Overexpression of EGFR was observed in only a small fraction of colorectal carcinomas, but were frequently accompanied by gene amplification.
- the epidermal growth factor receptor has a role in activating ERK with extracellular oxidation by taurine chloramine
- Endothelial cell vessel assembly requires EGFR signaling transduction pathways.
- Data demonstrate that at least four different sets of endogenously expressed gangliosides, including GD3, did not have a significant effect on epidermal growth factor receptor distribution in the plasma membrane.
- Statistically significant relation existed between the ovarian cancer metastatic potential and EGFR expression level.
- The overall time-dependent activation of EGFR autophosphorylation was identical in cells treated with 1 nm BTC or 1.5 nm EGF.
- EGFR inhibition promotes desmosome assembly in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, resulting in increased cell-cell adhesion
- The cytoplasmic overexpression of EGFr plays a significant role in the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, especially in the invasion and acquisition of aggressive clinical behavior.
- EGFR, PYK2, Yes, and SHP-2 are involved in transduction of the TF/FVIIa signal possibly via transactivation of the EGF receptor.
- epidermal growth factor receptor is dephosphorylated at endomembranes after ligand-mediated endocytosis
- transactivation through CCR3 is a critical pathway that elicits mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and cytokine production in bronchial epithelial cells
- trans-activation by calcium-sensing receptor
- The tumor-specific mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor promotes cells survival and dimerization with the wild-type EGFR.
- EGF receptor traffic is disrupted by farnesyltransferase inhibitors through modulation of the RhoB GTPase
- c-erbB-2 and EGF-R are overexpressed in breast neoplasms and have an inverse association with Estrogen Receptor expression
- Human leukocyte elastase induces keratinocyte proliferation by proteolytic activation of an EGFR signaling cascade involving TGF-alpha.
- betacellulin may play a role as a local growth factor in promoting the differentiated villous trophoblastic function via ErbB-1 in early placentas and in contributing to placental growth through EVT cell function via ErbB-4 in term placentas.
- The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of signalling pathways activated during premalignant proliferative changes in the airway epithelium.
- an interrelationship is now known to exist between the IGF and EGF receptors [review]
- amphiregulin- and ErbB1-dependent mechanism by which autocrine ERK activation is maintained in normal keratinocytes
- EGFR, c-erbB-2, VEGF and MMP-2 and MMP-9 play an important role in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
- In each of these gliomas, the founding molecule was generated by a simple event that circularizes a chromosome fragment overlapping the epidermal growth factor receptor gene.
- novel mechanism by which IGF-I induces ERK activation in a manner that is dependent on the basal level of EGFR-TK activity, but is independent of receptor transactivation.
- Upregulation of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 is followed by enhanced ubiquitylation and degradation of EGFR
- mutant EGFRs selectively transduce survival signals on which nonsmall cell lung cancers become dependent
- Carbon black causes oxidative stress-mediated proliferation of airway epithelium, involving activation of EGF-R.
- IL-1beta-dependent prolonged EGFR transactivation involves multiple pathways, including an IL-8-dependent pathway.
- EGFR signaling involves reinforcing altered gene expression of uPAR,thus further inducing cell motility.
- In patients with breast cancer, most CNS metastatic tumor deposits showed expression for either EGFR or HER-2/neu, and less often for both.
- Syk acts a negative control element of EGFR signalling.
- Data show that activation of ADAM-17 results in discrete cellular responses, while G protein-coupled receptor agonists promote activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway and cell proliferation via the epidermal growth factor receptor.
- The timing of lethality caused by homozygosity for a null allele of the epidermal growth factor receptor in mice is strongly dependent on genetic background.
- Data report that antagonism of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor in combination with inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor synergistically sensitizes human malignant glioma cells to CD95L-induced apoptosis.
- Results describe the role of epidermal growth factor receptor regulation in antiapoptosis, cell migration, and cell proliferation.
- Egfr Wa5 is a novel ENU-induced antimorphic allele caused by a kinase-dead receptor acting as a dominant negative
- data explain how thrombin exerts robust trophic action on colon cancer cells and underline the critical role of EGFR transactivation
- GqPCR-induced FAK activation is mediated by via a pathway involving transactivation of the EGFr and alterations in the actin cytoskeleton.
- serum epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2 have roles in response of advanced non-small cell lung cancer to chemotherapy
- a novel regulatory role for Galphas in EGF receptor degradation and provide mechanistic insights into the function of Galphas in endocytic sorting
- NHERF stabilizes EGFR at the cell surface and slows the rate of endocytosis without affecting recycling
- EGF signalling amplification is induced by dynamic clustering of EGFR
- analysis of conformations of the epidermal growth factor receptor and antibody binding [review]
- cholangiocarcinoma cells exhibit sustained EGFR activation due to defective receptor internalization
- Data demonstrate that the alpha-hemolysin elevates the activity of receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (rPTPsigma).
- regulation of LMP1 on the nuclear translocation of EGFR is critical for the process of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- For genotype of EGFR gene Bsr I polymorphism, there was statistically significant differences between systemic lupus erythematosus and controls. In addition, there was significant association between the two groups in allelic frequency of the T allele.
- Our results suggest a novel role for the juxtamembrane domain (JM) of EGFR in mediating intracellular dimerization and thus receptor kinase activation and function.
- role for EGFR activity in the lifespan and inflammatory potential of RSV-infected epithelial cells
- protein kinase B/Akt phosphorylation is stimulated by mechanical stretch in epidermal cells via angiotensin II type 1 receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor
- S1P transactivates c-Met and EGFR in gastric cancer cells.
- Gene 33 is a physiological feedback inhibitor of the EGFR, functioning to inhibit EGFR phosphorylation and all events induced by EGFR activation
- EGFR is increased by cAMP, a potent inducer of decidualization of the endometrial stroma.
- HER2-mediated effects on EGFR dimerization and trafficking were sufficient to explain the observed HER2-mediated amplification of epidermal growth factor-induced ERK signaling
- therapeutic potential of siRNA to impact DeltaEGFR as a glioma-specific target
- The reduction in EGFR levels and EGF-induced signaling in SOCS5-expressing cells requires both the Src homology-2 and SOCS box domains of SOCS5.
- These results suggest that EGFR amplification is a relatively rare event in larynx carcinogenesis that obviously does not predispose to tumor progression.
- PMA transactivates the EGFR and increases cell proliferation by activating the PKCdelta/c-Src pathway in glioblastoma cells
- epidermal growth factor receptor interacts with gastrointestinal peptide hormone receptors to regulate mitogenic signaling and cell migration [review]
- High frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations with complex patterns in non-small cell lung cancers related to gefitinib responsiveness
- Grb2-mediated recruitment of the functional RING domain of Cbl to the EGFR is essential and sufficient to support receptor endocytosis
- the acceleration of EBV LMP1 on the G1/S transition via the nuclear accumulation of EGFR was critical in the process of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- Data show that expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) in transgenic mouse Schwann cells elicited features of neurofibromas, supporting the relevance of EGFR to peripheral nerve tumor formation.
- An inhibitor of this and of the mTOR pathwway inhibits growth of glioma in a xenograft mousse model.
- A common polymorphism in the EGFR promoter was associated with altered promoter activity and gene expression both in vitro and in vivo.
- In addition to EGFR mutations, other factors in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells, such as high expression of ErbB family members, may constitutively activate AKT and sensitize cells to EGFR inhibitors.
- Expression of nuclear EGFR correlated positively with increased levels of cyclin D1 and Ki-67, both are indicators for cell proliferation for prognosis of breast cancer.
- Cpd 5-caused ERK phosphorylation is probably regulated by both EGFR-dependent and EGFR-independent pathways.
- Epidermal growth factor receptor gene polymorphisms have higher risk of pelvic recurrence in patients with rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation
- stimulation of the EGFR pathway is one mechanism by which the bone marrow microenvironment may contribute to the growth and survival of B-cell acute leukemia
- Data suggest the possibility of a mechanically activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) autocrine feedback loop involving selected EGFR ligands.
- Tyr-992 and Tyr-1173 are required for phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor by ionizing radiation and modulation by SHP2
- EGFR mutations were significantly related to histology and smoke exposure and were a strong predictive factor for gefitinib responsiveness in non-small cell lung cancers.
- YB-1 overexpression can induce EGF independence in human mammary epithelial cells via activation of the EGFR pathway
- HDL blocks neuroblastoma differentiation by inhibition of EGFR
- Findings provide evidence that STAT 3 signal activity in head and neck carcinomas, which is partially responsible for proliferative activity, can be controlled via the EGFR.
- Mutations in either the EGFR TK domain or the KRAS gene can lead to lung cancer pathogenesis. EGFR TK domain mutations are the first molecular change known to occur specifically in never smokers.
- Findings suggest that a distinct minority of colorectal adenocarcinomas exhibit somatic mutations of EGFR, and these tumors may be susceptible to gefitinib treatment.
- The optimization and specification of therapeutic approaches based on erbB-receptor targeting requires to account for EGFR coexpression as well as the potential presence of erbB-receptor relevant growth factors.
- EGFR gene 2073*T-related genotypes and allele are associated with higher susceptibilities to endometriosis and leiomyoma
- HB-EGF/HER-1 signaling is relevant to mesenchymal stem cell biology, by regulating both proliferation and differentiation
- EGFR-related protein (ERRP) is a 53 to 55 kDa protein that is a natural inhibitor of EGFRs in human but not in mouse or rat cells.
- Increased levels of EGFR were significantly associated with adult soft tissue sarcomas
- decreased EGF receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and aberrant recruitment of the adaptor proteins ShcA and Grb2 to the EGF receptor in cells harbouring the hepatitis C virus subgenomic replicon
- Mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor is associated with non-small cell lung cancer
- data indicate that altered expression of beta-catenin may play an important role in oral cancer progression through increased proliferation and invasiveness under epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation but not mutation or cyclin D1 expression
- p38 mediates EGF receptor activation after oxidant injury; Src activates MMK3, which, in turn, activates p38; and the EGF receptor signaling pathway plays a critical role in renal epithelial cell dedifferentiation
- regulation of phosphorylation of ER-alpha and EGFR may play critical roles in EGF-induced transcriptional activation of WISP-2 gene in breast tumor cells
- data suggest that mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and K-RAS genes might separately, but not cooperatively, contribute to lung adenocarcinoma pathogenesis
- Analysis with phospho-specific antibodies indicates that 3 kinases generate a signal-specific, combinatorial phosphorylation profile of the Hrs-STAM complex, with the potential of diversifying tyrosine kinase receptor signalling through a common element.
- The membrane-anchoring domain of EGFR ligands dictates their ability to operate in juxtacrine mode.
- the EGF receptor plays a central role in the signaling pathway that links albumin to the activation of ERK1/ERK2 and increased expression of IL-8
- Using the LightCycler PCR assay, the EGFR L858R mutation status might correlate with gender, pathologic subtypes, and gefitinib sensitivity of lung cancers.
- Endothelin-1 stimulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in ovarian cancer cells through multiple signaling pathways: evidence for involvement of transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor.
- epidermal growth factor receptor is activated by imatinib mesylate, resulting in cyclooxygenase-2 induction and prostaglandin E2 accumulation
- study reveals a novel cross-talk between the EP1 receptor and EGFR signaling that synergistically promotes cancer cell growth and invasion
- High EGFR gene copy number identified by FISH may be an effective molecular predictor for gefitinib efficacy in advanced NSCLC.
- heterogeneity in the density of EGFR due to localization in certain regions of the plasma membrane, which has been experimentally reported, can also lead to concave up shape of the Scatchard plot of the EGF binding on EGFR
- autocrine and/or paracrine NRG-1/erbB signaling promotes neoplastic Schwann cell proliferation
- analysis of EGFR mutations in malignant pleural effusion of non-small cell lung cancer (case report)
- Approximately 6% of breast carcinomas show EGFR amplification with EGFR protein overexpression and may be candidates for trials of EGFR-targeted antibodies or small inhibitory molecules.
- These results suggest a possible important "cross-talk" between SDF-1/CXCR4 and EGFR intracellular pathways that may link signals of cell proliferation in ovarian cancer.
- Immunohistochemical profiling of colorectal cancer seems to be a promising approach, not only to define prognostic impact, but also to detail proliferation-related molecular interplays between EGFr and Cox-2 pathways.
- EGFR physically interacts with signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 in the nucleus, leading to transcriptional activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase.
- Active mutation of the EGFR kinase domain was strongly associated with response to gefitinib
- EGFR downregulation is inhibited by Sprouty2 targeting both the Cbl and CIN85 pathways.
- overexpression of the active form of the small GTPase RhoA induces the activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and promotes cell motility
- EGFR may have a role in recurrence of rectal cancer after radiotherapy and surgery
- Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor mediates activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in lung cancer cells
- Our findings suggest that extracellular H(2)O(2) generated by EGFR-ligand interaction permeates the plasma membrane and inhibits EGFR-associated tyrosine phosphatase activity.
- PTEN protein could inhibit cell invasion even in the presence of the constitutively active epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)
- Decorin causes EGFR internalization via caveolae
- analysis of ligand-induced dimer-tetramer transition during the epidermal growth factor receptor activation of the cell surface
- Data show that blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor import into the nucleus also blocks radiation-induced activation of DNA-PK, inhibits DNA repair, and increases radiosensitivity of treated cells.
- EGFR expression was associated with improved survival.
- Chromogenic in situ hybridization analysis and morphology identified 22 small cell (SCGBM) and 22 non-small cell glioblastoma (NSCGBM), and 12 cases of a mixed phenotype.
- Existence of unidirectional IGF-IR/EGFR cross-talk mechanism whereby IGF-II, acting through IGF-IR, regulates basal and ligand-activated EGFR signaling and cell proliferation in a c-SRC-dependent manner in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
- analysis of activating mutations in catalytic domain of EGFR in 3.5% (2 of 57) of ovarian cancers
- Overall, these data suggest that GRK2 has a regulatory role in EGF-induced ERK/MAPK activation.
- fibrin can support the wound healing process of the epidermis via the TGF-alpha/EGF-R pathway
- results show that EGFR are present on normal human melanocytes
- Gene polymorphisms active in the EGFR pathway may be associated with the sensitivity of colorectal cancer patients to platinum-based chemotherapy.
- These findings suggest a mechanism by which filopodia detect the presence and concentration of effector molecules far from the cell body and mediate cellular responses via directed transport of activated receptors.
- This study suggests that coexpression of LN-5 gamma2 and EGFR is closely related to the progression and poor prognosis of esophageal SCC.
- The effects of high glucose on proximal tubular cells proliferation, reduced apoptosis and increased NHE3 mRNA levels are mediated by EGFR-dependent up-regulation of SGK-1.
- Data show that epidermal growth factor receptor dileucine motif 679-LL is an alpha-helical stabilizing motif that regulates a predominant step during lysosomal sorting, involving intracellular retention under both sub-saturating and saturating conditions
- EGFR antisense-odn can significantly inhibit proliferation of human hepatoma cells, indicating that EGFR may play important role in development of hepatoma and will be new target for its treatment.
- EGFR signaling has a role in regulating host defense and immune response by tightly controlling TLR2 induction during bacterial infections
- thrombomodulin induces Ca2+ signals and nitric oxide synthesis through EGFR and calmodulin kinase II
- Two tyrosine residues in the C terminus of human TRPC4 phosphorylated following epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor stimulation of COS-7 cells.
- findings suggest that overexpression of EGFR in glioblastomas in Chinese patients may be associated closely with the patients age but not with the tumors' pathological pathway.
- Overexpression of EGFR was significantly correlated with depth of invasion of the tumor
- simulation results show the formation of a channel under Thr766 following the movement of the side chain of Gln767 away from the hinge in EGFR
- The patients with mutations of EGFR to have a more favorable prognosis than those with wild type (p=0.033).
- Intratumoral variation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in glioblastoma multiforme was examined, and radionuclide labelled substances that bind specifically to EGFR were considered for intracavitary therapy.
- EGFR mutation plays an important role in pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma
- The mechanism of deoxycholic acid-induced EGFR activation is ligand-dependent and is controlled, at least in part, at the level of amphiregulin release from the basolateral cell membrane.
- EGFR expression status in lung cancer correlates with its mutation.
- LPA acts upstream of various receptor tyrosine kinases and COX-2, and thus may act as a potent stimulator of colorectal cancer.
- the effect of interleukin-8 (IL-8) induced by H. pylori infection on EGFR transactivation and epithelial cell growth
- The frequency of CA allele combinations was assessed in healthy women from Poland; results provide new data on EGFR microsatellite instability and may contribute to the understanding of EGFR gene expression regulation.
- the inhibition of EGFR and mTOR has distinct as well as common signaling consequences in glioblastoma multiforme cells
- EGF-R fate is controlled by a checkpoint downstream of receptor ubiquitination whose regulation by the Cbl RF tail may require Sprouty2 degradation.
- Acquisition of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer is linked to a specific secondary somatic mutation, EGFR T790M.
- These results identify CKLFSF8 as a novel regulator of EGF-induced signaling and indicate that the association of EGFR with four transmembrane proteins is critical for EGFR desensitization.
- RPTP-kappa is a key regulator of EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation and function in human keratinocytes
- Breast carcinomas with squamous differentiation are a distinct subgroup of breast tumors with a very high frequency of EGFR expression
- Ubiquitination of EGFR at late stages of endocytosis was significantly lower than that in control cells. Highly ubiquitinated forms of EGFR demonstrated more sensitivity to MG132 treatment.
- RhoB is essential in regulating keratinocyte cell survival after UVB exposure through epidermal growth factor receptor signaling
- EGFR expression and signaling does not seeme to be affected by treatment with erlotinib or gefitinib
- rab7 regulates the endocytic trafficking of the EGF.EGFR complex by regulating its lysosomal degradation
- Activation of erbB1 leads to phosphorylation of protein phosphatase 2A, inhibiting its activity, which provides a rapid means of sensing the loss of epithelial integrity and subsequently restoring barrier function.
- EGFR, in addition to E2F1, target sites induce B-Myb promoter
- data suggest that the EGFR immunopositivity can be considered as reliable predictors of disease stage in urine ThinPrep (TP) specimens.
- data describe percentage of bone marrow cells expressing receptors for interleukin-1, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, epidermal growth factor and c-Fos and c-Myc in untreated lung & breast cancer
- In contrast, although present at comparable plasma levels, desmethyl-gefitinib had little effect on tumour growth and is, therefore, considered unlikely to contribute significantly to the therapeutic activity of gefitinib in the clinical situation.
- spatially distributed Monte Carlo based simulation framework to enable the simulation of in vivo receptor diffusion and dimerization
- These findings reveal a new role for EGFR in the postnatal brain and open new avenues to optimize cell engraftment for brain repair.
- Activated epidermal growth factor receptor-Stat-3 signaling promotes tumor survival in non-small cell lung cancer
- Findings disclose a cross-talk between the COX-2/PGE(2)/EP(1) and EGFR/c-Met signaling pathways that coordinately regulate human hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion.
- EGFR mutations may contribute to the development of bronchioloaveolar carcinoma and are one of the early genetic alterations in multistage carcinogenic processes of lung adenocarcinoma
- Theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate may exert chemopreventive effects through the downregulation of the EGFR.
- An EGFR mutant with four amino acid changes exhibited binding to the conformationally-specific monoclonal antibodies. and human epidermal growth factor
- PGI-IP interaction within glandular epithelial cells can promote the expression of proangiogenic genes in human endometrium via cross talk with the EGFR.
- EGFR-induced signaling and Grb2 are essential for formation of clathrin-coated pits accommodating the EGFR, while activation of MAPK and PI3K is not required.
- Antibodies from naive human scFv (single-chain Fv) phage display libraries provide a valuable and potentially clinically relevant panel of agents to target the members of the EGFR family.
- ERBB3 is the pivotal element of the Erbb pathway promoting tumorigenesis by heterodimerization with NEU or EGFR, but the NEU/EGFR dimer does not appear to play a significant role in prostate cancer
- Epidermal growth factor receptor exposed to oxidative stress undergoes Src- and caveolin-1-dependent perinuclear trafficking
- IR-induced ERK1/2 activation involves EGFR through a Src-dependent pathway that is distinct from EGFR ligand activation
- study provides a new insight into oncogenic signaling by EGFRvIII and improves our understanding of how autocrine loops are generated in glioma
- Reactive Oxygen Species-induced Goblet Cell metaplasia in normal human bronchial epithelial cells is associated with Hyaluronan depolymerization and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) processing by Tissue Kallikrein followed by EGF Receptor signaling.
- phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIalpha is necessary for the correct endocytic traffic and downregulation of activated epidermal growth factor receptor.
- Mutations in the EGFR ligand-binding domain in tumours may permit signaling stimulation by ligands that are not normally potent EGFR agonists. EGFR mutations & new signalling activities may allow deregulated EGFR signalling in tumour cells.
- Data show that long-term ciliated cell hyperplasia and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling coincide with mucous cell metaplasia after respiratory viral clearance in airways.
- EGFR signaling pathway negatively regulates prostate specific antigen expression which may be induced by the alteration of androgen expression via the PI3K-Akt pathway in LNCaP C-81 cells
- Results identify a protein tyrosine phosphatase as a potential substrate of TACE and describe proteolytic processing of PTP-LAR as a means of regulating phosphatase activity downstream and thus under the control of EGFR-mediated signaling pathways.
- N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) can induce the clustering of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in human amnion FL cells.
- Data show that c-erbB-1 and c-erbB-2 are differentially regulated in cancers of the papilla of Vater and pancreas, suggesting that the two types of cancer are biologically different.
- Epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation is associated with adenocarcinomas of the lung
- In contrast, although present at comparable plasma levels, desmethyl-gefitinib had little effect on tumour growth and is, therefore, considered unlikely to contribute significantly to the therapeutic activity of gefitinib in the clinical situation.
- The existence of mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the EGFR gene in a small subset of synovial sarcomas suggests that only few patients may profit from the tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.
- COX-2 and EGFR may be cooperative in the stepwise progression from Barrett's esophagus to adenocarcinoma, thereby leading to carcinogenesis.
- EGFR expression is not stable during metastatic progression in a significant proportion of non-small-cell-lung cancer patients.
- Understanding of EGFR identity in colorectal cancer which could be useful in reconsidering the predictive tools for the identification of tumors putatively responsive to EGFR targeted therapy.
- EGFR expression in bladder cancer cells was associated with up-regulation of ID-1 and cancer staging.
- The steric hindrance created by the antibody near the EGFR dimer interface interferes with receptor dimerization, and we postulate this as the structural origin for the antitumor effect of mAb 806.
- Epidermal growth factor receptor and KRAS mutation patterns is associated with non-small cell lung cancer patients
- Taken together, these data provide direct evidence for the role of EGFR ubiquitination in receptor targeting to the lysosome and implicate Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains in this sorting process.
- The study shows that tyrosine 192 of CARP-1 is a target of apoptosis signaling, and CARP-1, in turn, promotes apoptosis by activating p38 MAPK and caspase-9.
- Mutations in the EGFR ligand-binding domain in tumours may permit signaling stimulation by ligands that are not normally potent EGFR agonists. EGFR mutations & new signalling activities may allow deregulated EGFR signalling in tumour cells.
- Data provide the first evidence of somatic mutations of the EGFR gene in bile duct carcinoma.
- Our work sheds light into the nature and regulation of the nuclear EGFR pathway and provides a plausible mechanism by which cells shuttle cell-surface EGFR and potentially other RTKs through the nuclear pore complex and into the nuclear compartment.
- EGFR mutation and gene amplification potentially have impact on the responsiveness to EGFR targeting agents in ovarian cancer.
- Mutations in EGFR is associated with Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma
- CD44 interaction with LARG and EGFR plays a pivotal role in Rho/Ras co-activation, PLC epsilon-Ca2+ signaling, and Raf/ERK up-regulation required for CaMKII-mediated cytoskeleton function and in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression
- a wide spectrum of somatic EGFR TK mutations reporting a relatively high incidence (15%) in NSCLC patients of Greek and Czech origin.
- Healing of wounds in sheets of corneal epithelial cells is absolutely dependent on epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, and the present data suggest that its activation is a result of wound-induced phospholipase D activation.
- Salient features of the structural model for EGFR regulation and argue that the intramolecular tether provides only limited autoinhibitory control of EGFR activity.
- the trophic properties of gastrin in colorectal cancer may be mediated in part by transactivation of the EGFR and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, leading to degradation of PPARgamma protein and a decrease in PPARgamma activation
- seminal plasma and PGE(2) can promote the expression of tumorigenic and angiogenic factors, in cervical adenocarcinoma cells via the EP4 receptor, EGFR, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways
- An EGF mutant, designated WVR/EGF/IADIQ, gained high affinity for ErbB3 & showed concomitant ErbB3 activation through ErbB2.ErbB3 heterodimers similar to the natural ErbB3 ligand NRG1beta, while the capacity to bind & activate ErbB1 was fully maintained.
- overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor due to missense mutation and single nucleotide polymorphisms is associated with gastrointestinal tract tumor
- Significant higher expression of alternatively spliced mRNA forms of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor are associated with neuroendocrine tumors
- Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the EGFR C-terminal domain possessed a significant level of secondary structure in the form of alpha-helices and beta-sheets, with a marginal change in beta-sheet content occurring upon phosphorylation.
- The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor represent independents prognostic marker for intracranial ependymomas to identify patient subgroups with different risk profiles in further clinical investigations.
- The Increased expression of erbB-1 was associated with increased levels of Ki-67 and MCM2 expression, and combined overexpression of these receptors was associated with the highest levels of proliferation, suggesting a synergistic effect.
- High epidermal growth factor receptor is associated with disease recurrence in colon cancer patients
- PLD functions as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) through its phox homology domain (PX), which directly activates the GTPase domain of dynamin and increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) endocytosis at physiological EGF concentrations.
- 96% of tumor samples were positive for EGFR expression; 63% were positive for activated EGFR; 76% were positive for activated Akt; and 96% were positive for activated ERK1/2.
- The aim of this review is the biology of the EGFR and its use as a target for a new class of anticancer agents for colorectal cancer.Results available so far demonstrated a manageable and acceptable toxicity profile and a promising level of activity.
- results show that TACE undergoes phosphorylation that regulates release of amphiregulin upon GRP treatment; a signaling cascade of GRP-Src-PI3-K-PDK1-TACE-amphiregulin-EGFR with multiple points of interaction, translocation & phosphorylation is suggested
- Frequent EGFR mutations is associated with brain metastases of lung adenocarcinoma
- patients with mutant-type EGFR might be treated with EGFR-TKIs before any other drugs
- the versican G3 domain regulates neuronal attachment, neurite outgrowth, and synaptic function of hippocampal neurons via EGFR-dependent and -independent signaling pathways
- role for p38 MAP kinase in the regulation of EGFR endocytosis
- Final outcome of bladder cancer patients with high HER1- and HER2-expressing tumors depends on the expression of HER3 AND HER4.
- RNa silencing had no inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, migration and activation status of EGFR-coupled signaling cascades in glioma cells.
- lysophosphatidic acid-induced IL-8 secretion is partly dependent on EGFR transactivation regulated by PKCdelta-dependent activation of Lyn kinase and MMPs and proHB-EGF
- periostin has an active role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and metastasis that requires cross-talk between integrin and EGFR signaling pathways
- No change in expression levels of EGFR was seen in the histologic progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma.
- Gefitinib-sensitizing mutations in the EGFR gene were found in human esophageal tumors.
- EGF receptor trafficking and signaling occur through a subset of signaling molecules including p44/42 MAPK and Gab1.
- EGFR functions as control center & integration site for signaling processes, involving stimulation with EGF. It has 6 docking sites for Grb2 and is a direct binding partner of STAT5.
- EGF stimulates receptor neddylation, which enhances subsequent ubiquitylation, as well as sorting of EGFR for degradation
- analysis of proteins that bind to and interact with EGFR
- These findings are consistent with a model in which ErbB1 expression increases during development of the androgen-independent state. Drugs targeted toward ErbB signaling could be of therapeutic relevance in the management of advanced prostatic carcinoma.
- Results describe a relationship between the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on cell proliferation and levels of EGF receptor expression in a cell line expressing different levels of EGFR caused by different concentrations of EGF treatment.
- The CDK/cyclin-like complex formed by two kinase domains thus explains the activation of EGFR-family receptors by homo- or heterodimerization.
- These data demonstrate that sterile wounding initiates an innate immune response through activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor that increases resistance to overt infection and microbial colonization.
- The data suggest that prolactin synergistically augments epidermal growth factor signaling in T47D breast cancer cells at least in part by lessening EGF-induced epidermal growth factor receptor downregulation.
- These results demonstrated that cell surface beta1,4GT1 may negatively regulate cell survival possibly through inhibiting and modulating EGFR signaling pathway.
- EGFRvIII expression may regulate phenotypic plasticity in ovarian cancer and thereby contribute to more aggressive disease
- A subset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas is characterized by EGFR gene numerical alterations including sporadic cases of amplification or absence of one allele (maybe due to gene deletion or intragenic point mutation and allelic silence).
- The majority of oral squamous cell carcinomas highly express EGFR and p-EGFR, and a statistically significant correlation was identified between high EGFR expression and the pathologic factor tumor invasion.
- Ymer functions as a novel inhibitor for the down-regulation of the EGF receptor and plays a crucial role for regulating the amount of the EGF receptor on the cell surface membrane
- Induction of keratinocyte migration is conveyed through EGFR, promoted by endogenous HB-EGF and requires GSK-3alpha activity.
- ERBB-1 amplification is uncommon and appears to be late event in the development of ethmoid sinus adenocarcinoma.
- Patients with non-small cell lung cancer and EGFR exon 19 deletions have a longer survival following treatment with gefitinib or erlotinib compared with those with the L858R mutation
- the production of TGF-alpha by HRCC cells leads to the activation of EGFR on tumor-associated endothelial cells that serve as an essential target for therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors
- Data show that decorin protein core inhibits tumor xenograft growth and metabolism by hindering epidermal growth factor receptor function and triggering apoptosis via caspase-3 activation.
- the disulfide-bonded structure of the membrane-proximal portion of the EGF receptor, rather than its primary sequence, is important for EGF binding and signaling but is not involved in localizing the receptor to lipid rafts
- Significantly elevated epidermal growth factor receptor is associated with metastatic malignant melanoma patients with an inverse correlation between EGF-R and IL-6 levels.
- Data show that activation of survivin gene expression is mediated by oxygen-independent hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha up-regulation, mediated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling in EGF-treated cancer cells.
- EGF receptor is activated in human keratinocytes by oxidative inhibition of receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase kappa by ultraviolet irradiation
- analysis of activating mutations within EGFR in both esophageal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas and a model of the role of EGFR signaling in neoplasms
- These results demonstrate that both clathrin-positive and clathrin-negative electron dense coats exist on endosomes and are involved in endosomal sorting of the EGFR.
- epidermal growth factor receptor has a role in response to gefitinib treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
- The -216T allele was more frequent in the patients compared with the control population (224/376 = 59.6% vs 165/352 = 46.8%; p = 0.0006) corresponding to an odd ratio of 1.67 (1.24; 2.25).
- alterations within the tyrosine kinase domain and expression of EGFRvIII are rare events in bladder cancer
- Data show that treatment of tumor cell lines with the epidermal growth factor receptor-specific inhibitor cetuximab results in paradox phosphorylation of tyrosine 1173 in the receptor.
- T790M mutation is sometimes present in a minor population of tumor cells during the development of non-small cell lung cancer.
- EGFRvIII and PTEN protein by glioblastoma cells is strongly associated with clinical response to EGFR kinase inhibitor therapy
- EGFR somatic mutations directly influence both erlotinib cancer cell sensitivity and cellular transformation.
- ITSN forms a complex with Cbl in vivo mediated by the Src homology (SH) 3 domains binding to the Pro-rich COOH terminus of Cbl. This interaction stimulates the ubiquitylation and degradation of the activated EGFR.
- These results suggest that vinexin beta plays a role in maintaining the phosphorylation of EGFR on the plasma membrane through the regulation of c-Cbl.
- EGFR is required for UVB-mediated induction of multiple signaling pathways that are known to mediate tumor formation in skin.
- analysis of the mechanisms of action of EGFR-TK-inhibition in hepatocellular cancer cells by erlotinib
- The EGFRvIII is expressed in HNSCC where it contributes to enhanced growth and resistance to targeting wild-type EGFR.
- EGFR and TrkB crosstalk each other in response to EGF and BDNF, leading to cell survival pathway activation in ovarian cancer cells.
- somatic mutations in EGFR quantitatively differ in pharmacology and signaling properties
- different EGF receptor mutations exert various negative mechanisms that have the potential to modify receptor internalization and may involve resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancers [EGFRvIII, EGF Receptor VIII]
- transactivation of EGFR by IGF-1 requires basal intracellular H(2)O(2)
- The findings of EGFR abnormalities in lung cancer have supported the notion that different molecular mechanisms and pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer arising in never and ever smokers.
- IL-13 and EGFR pathways make critical but quite distinct contributions to gene regulation in airway epithelial cells, and that both pathways affect expression of the key transcription factor, FOXA2, a known regulator of mucus production.
- receptor stability is regulated by MUC1 expression
- cells surviving an attack by alpha toxin can be induced to proliferate via recruitment of an EGFR-dependent signalling pathway
- The phosphorylation sites that are most strongly correlated with migration & proliferation were identified, eg. EGFR Y1173 correlates with proliferation.
- activating mutations in the TKD domain of EGFR contribute to radiosensitivity of non-small-cell lung carcinoma
- The effects of house dust mite allergen and the cytokines IL-4 and TGF-beta on TARC expression in 16HBE cells and primary bronchial asthma epithelium, was examined.
- In midgut carcinoid tumor stroma PDGFRalpha was expressed in 35%, PDGFRbeta in 94% and EGFR in 9%.
- In this article, we review efforts that have been undertaken to identify genomic determinants of drug susceptibility to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, with particular focus on the role of gene mutations.
- fine-tuning mechanism of Par3 in epithelial tight junction assembly controlled by the EGF receptor-SFK signaling pathway.
- the impacts of smoking and sex on the risk of EGFRmut non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are different from those for EGFRwt NSCLC
- Serum-independent growth of 5637 cells involves the transmembrane signaling cascade via EGFR ligand(s) (but not HGF), EGFR, Src and p145(met)[p145met]
- EGFR on the cell surface of cancer cells must exist as an untethered dimer that adopts a previously unreported conformation that is inactive which may provide synergy between monoclonal antibodies and AG1478 in a xenograft model.
- EGFR intron 1 polymorphism may influence response to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in breast cancer.
- The expression of EGFR in postmitotic, terminally differentiated adult retinal neurons suggests that EGFR has pleiotropic functions.
- EGFR polymorphisms may be associated with clinical outcome in patients treated with chemoradiation.
- UBPY-mediated EGFR de-ubiquitination promotes EGFR degradation
- These results suggest that the secreted Hsp70 mediates the cross-communication of Toll like receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling systems in A431 cells.
- Even a modest attenuation of EGF-R signaling leads to a severe defect in postnatal growth of the beta-cells, which leads to the development of diabetes in transgenic mice.
- EGFR mutations in esophageal carcinoma are rare but do exist, and thus gefitinib could be included in esophageal cancer treatment regimens by selecting those patients who possess such mutations.
- N-linked glycan with GlcNAc termini linked to EGFR is the target to interact with ganglioside GM3, causing inhibition of EGF-induced EGFR tyrosine kinase
- Since the EGF receptor is often overexpressed in skin cancers, it might be possible to significantly reduce the proliferative potential of these cells making them good targets for laser-pulsed UV light treatment.
- Mutations and amplification/overdose in the EGFR gene are present in low-grade oligodendroglial tumours, and may contribute to the development of these brain neoplasms.
- S100beta-v-erbB transgenic rats may serve as a useful animal model for the identification of EGFR-related molecular targets and as a tool for the assessment of novel therapeutic approaches.
- An inflammation-dependent EGF-R cascade causes overproduction of the gel-forming mucin MUC5AC, which accumulates in cholesterol gallstone disease. The ability to interrupt this cascade is of potential interest in the prevention of cholesterol gallstones.
- Inhibition of EGFR activity decreases cell migration involved in insulin-induced wound repair. Insulin stimulates wound healing in corneal epithelium by activating EGFR. This points to novel insulin signaling pathway during corneal wound healing.
- These findings unmask an EGF-sensitive checkpoint, helping to understand the link between sustained EGFR signalling, proliferation and the acquisition of a radioresistant phenotype in cancer cells.
- Review. Excessive EGFR signalling plays a critical role in NSCLC tumorigenesis in patients harbouring an EGFR mutation. Mutant EGFRs drive the growth of cancer cells & maintain their malignant phenotype by selective activation of Akt & STAT pathways.
- The EGFR protein was carried out in 71 of these cases, nonproliferative benign breast disease, proliferative BBD without atypia, proliferative BBD with atypia, carcinoma in situ (n=15) or invasive carcinoma.
- Results suggest extracellular missense mutations as a novel mechanism for oncogenic EGFR activation and may help identify patients who can benefit from EGFR kinase inhibitors for treatment of glioblastoma.
- Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with antibodies to VEGF, EGFR, MMP-2, and COX-2 in relation to human papilloma viral load and persistence of human papillomavirus after conization with negative margins
- Combined blockade of both epidermal growth factor receptors and G protein coupled recaptors (GPCRs) may be a strategy to treat cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma that shows cross-talk between GPCR and EGFR signaling pathways.
- These studies suggest that ACK1 senses signal of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and regulates ligand-induced degradation of EGFR.
- EGFR positivity was observed in all the cases (100%) of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and in only 10 cases (28.5%) of prostatic carcinoma.
- Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations are associated with adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung
- EGFR gene amplification is frequently present in prostatic phyllodes tumors in humans.
- Motogenetic activation by EGF requires the concomitant functionality of EGFR and the hyaluronan receptor CD44, whereas activation by TGF-alpha requires EGFR and integrin alphavbeta3.
- somatic alterations in p53 and EGFR have roles in progression of primary lung cancer
- EGFR gene mutation does not change the effect of gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer cells
- EGFRvIII mutation in lung cancer is correlated with increased expression of EGFR
- Detailed pharmacokinetic characterization of this bioprobe could assist in the development of a kinetic model that would afford accurate measurement of EGFR content in tumors.
- Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor is associated with esophageal and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinomas
- These results suggest that in AGS cells, DC transactivates EGFR through M-BAR- and ADAM/HB-EGF-dependent mechanisms.
- This indicates that EGF receptors are trafficked from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus by a novel pathway that involves the Sec61 translocon.
- The number of dinucleotide repeats in this receptor identifies a possible susceptible population to lung cancer.
- long term treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF) leads to a marked increase in the levels of ADAM17, which also increases the shedding of several substrates of ADAM17, including the desmosomal cadherin Dsg-2
- W-13 calmodulin inhibitor has a role in epidermal growth factor receptor activation
- EGFR targeted strategies for pancreatic cancer
- The EGFR/Vav2/Rac1 axis is a crucial pathway for the acquisition of motile and invasive properties of most head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells.
- Directed trafficking of plasma membrane EGFR is an essential element of signal transduction leading to p42/p44 MAP kinase activation.
- Mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor is associated with lung squamous-cell carcinomas, adenosquamous carcinomas, and large-cell carcinomas
- PTEN tumor-suppressor protein has a role in response to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in glioblastoma
- Estradiol receptor alpha and androgen receptor upregulate EGFR phosphorylation.
- Targeting of EGFR to determine molecular alterations of this gene may be useful in the management of patients with brain metastases.
- Overexpression of the EGFR is associated with astrocytomas
- Data suggest that mutation frequency of EGFR in NSCLCs from Chinese patients is higher than that of western ethnicities, such mutations are well correlated with tumor response to gefitinib, and gefitinib is more fit for Chinese NSCLC patients.
- EGFR overexpression in small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder does not seem to be caused by gene amplification
- Our results show EGFR mutations did not occur in these patients suggesting that gefitinib is unlikely to be effective in patients with tumors not harboring specific EGFR TK domain.
- These data imply that PARP activation following exposure to ionizing radiation is enhanced through EGFR-ERK signaling.
- EGFR depletion induced enhancement of IGF1R ubiquitylation and degradation.
- Conventional PKC isoforms, especially PKCalpha, mediate feedback inhibition of G-protein-coupled receptor -induced EGFR transactivation.
- No siatistically significant value in assocation with survival or event-free survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
- Tenascin C repeat Ten14 in monomeric form does not bind EGFR with sufficient stability so as to induce degradation of receptor, or undergo EGFR-mediated internalization over either the short (20 min) or long (48 h) term
- Aldosterone leads to enhanced EGFR expression via interaction with EGFR promoter, which is mineralocorticoid receptor specific and could contribute to the aldosterone-induced increase in fibronectin abundance.
- EGFR signaling is controlled by a novel mechanism involving trafficking-dependent alterations in receptor compartmentalization.
- EGFR cannot compensate for IGF1R depletion.
- Findings suggest that the EGFR mutation is frequent in Korean lung cancer patients.
- Alterations in PTEN and amplification of EGFR are uncommon in pediatric malignant gliomas, in contrast to adult malignant gliomas.
- overexpression of spartin results in a prominent decrease in EGFR degradation
- In a novel culture system normal human adult melanocytes expressed both EGF receptor (EGFR) mRNA and protein and EGF showed a dose dependent mitogenic effect on the cells
- decorin is taken up by more than one endocytic pathway; uptake depends on EGFR signaling rather than trafficking along the same pathway
- The presence of EGFR mutations had no effect on survival.
- protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B governs differential recruitment of signaling pathways involved in EGFR regulation of epithelial ion transport.
- integrin alpha1beta1-EGFR cross talk is a key step in negatively regulating Rac1 activation, reactive oxygen species production, and excessive collagen synthesis
- GRP appears to rescue NSCLC cells exposed to gefitinib through release of amphiregulin and activation of the Akt pathway, suggesting GRPR and/or EGFR autocrine pathways in NSCLC cells may modulate therapeutic response to EGFR inhibitors.
- incidence of somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domains of EGFR was very low and the increased gene copy number of EGFR did not significantly influence survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients
- This study is the first to demonstrate that EGFR is implicated in IFNgamma-dependent signaling pathways.
- Analysis of tumor EGFR mutations in patients with NSCLC could be used to identify patients suitable for treatment with gefitinib to obtain optimum response and disease control rates.
- EGFR is hypermethylated and silenced in a subset of solid tumor cell lines and primary tumor specimens, and cotreatment with decitabine and gefitinib has an additive effect only in EGFR methylated breast cancer cell lines.
- the long lifetime of EGFRvIII, mutant variant of EGFR is caused by inefficient internalization and impaired sorting to lysosomes due to lack of effective ubiquitinylation.
- REVIEW: The expression of EGFR in glioimas and its potential as a drug target in these tumors are discussed.
- Describe association between EGFR polymorphisms and geftinib treatment outcome and toxicity in non-small-cell lung cancer patients.
- Results show epidermal growth factor receptor forms higher order oligomers within microclusters on A431 cells that are sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitor binding.
- Comparative genomic hybridization and immunohistochemical assessment of EGFR, PTEN, p53, and MIB-1 expression in 13 oligodendrogliomas, one oligoastrocytoma and 23 high-grade astrocytomas is reported.
- analysis of specimens from patients with cancer of unknown primary for EGFR gene mutation, gene amplification, transcriptional regulation as well as protein expression
- Rin1 regulates EGFR degradation in cooperation with STAM
- There is a distinct clinical profile for NSCLC patients with the EGFR mutation
- Our findings suggest that the balance between hepsin and its inhibitor, HAI-2, may have prognostic value in RCC.
- propose that the non-incidental coamplification of Myc and either ERBB2 or EGFR occurred through translocation and subsequent rearrangement
- Inhibition of the EGFR signaling pathway reduces ductal carcinoma in situ mammosphere-forming efficiency.
- present results suggest that it is not a useful indicator of prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
- KRT17 is upregulated after radical prostatectomy for prostatic neoplasms.
- Potentially interesting value of the serum levels of sEGFR and EGF, especially when combined, as markers for non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck cancer.
- Shorter EGFR intron 1 CA repeat length is associated with worse pancreatic cancer clinical prognosis and in vitro response to erlotinib.
- Role of lipid rafts in EGFR-mediated cancer cell chemotaxis.
- Mutations in the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain correlate with the clinical response to Gefitinib in lung cancer patients.
- examinination of distributions of three polymorphisms and their relationships to each other and to EGFR gene mutations and allelic imbalance (AI) in non-small cell lung cancers
- Frequencies of EGFR mutations were similar in both the alveolar and bronchial types of lung cancer
- These results suggest that Rabring7 is involved in the endocytic trafficking of EGFR through its E3 ligase activity.
- Significant increases in EGFR copy number and EGFR immunoreactivity were found in areca-associated oral squamous cell carcinoma subjects
- Lipid raft cholesterol regulates apoptotic cell death in prostate cancer cells through EGFR-mediated Akt and ERK pathways.
- These results suggest that PEA3 is regulated by EGFR and that the elevated PEA3 expression detected in human ovarian cancer may divert cells to a more invasive phenotype by regulating MMP-9 and MMP-14.
- Integrin-mediated adhesion via alpha3beta1, but not alpha6beta4 integrin, supports cell survival through EGFR by signaling downstream to Erk.
- Targeting EGFR is a novel strategy against neuroblastoma.
- Defective ubiquitinylation of EGFR mutants of lung cancer confers prolonged signaling
- EGFR pathway, EGFR mutation and/or amplification, may be involved in lung carcinogenesis.
- Results show a a significant correlation between the EGFR L858R mutation and the expression of p-Akt and suggest that the activation of Akt is dependent on EGFR mutation pattern.
- Frequent osteopontin expression is typical of, but not specific for malignant pleural mesothelioma, whereas it appears to select pulmonary adenocarcinoma cases with p65 and MMP-9 expression, suggesting a link with EGFR signalling pathways.
- EGFR/Akt pathway mitigated G2/M arrest in human HaCaT keratinocytes and normal human keratinocytes treated with low doses of UVA irradiation.
- EGFR mutations in exon 21 are early events in small bronchiolalveolar carcinomas, while exon 19 mutations are later events occurring in adenocarcinomas of various types.
- Association of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer with chemosensitivity to gefitinib in isolated cancer cells from male and female Japanese patients.
- Two somatic alterations (E829E and R831C) were identified in the cytoplasmic domain of the EGFR gene in 1 of 10 osteosarcoma samples.
- observations show that EGFR-T790M provides a proliferative advantage with respect to WT EGFR and suggest that the enhanced kinase activity of this mutant is the basis for rare cases of inherited susceptibility to lung cancer
- In kidney disease, increased parathyroid hyperplasia cell growth driven by enhanced EGFR could be further aggravated through elevations in integrin beta1 and FAK expression.
- EGFR expression was shown to be a significant predictor of poor prognosis among gastric cancer patients having the same stage according to the current TNM staging system.
- E2 can activate a linear pathway involving the sequential activation of IGF-IR, MMP, HB-EGF, EGFR, and MAPK in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
- In vivo, EGFR signaling is hyperactive in tumor cells of skin SCC but not of BCC, and in nearby asymptomatic epidermis of both tumor types. Hyperactivation is due to upregulation of EGFR ligands AREG, HBEGF and TGFA, and downregulation of BTC
- Results demonstrate that ErbB1 signaling is hyperactive in squamous cell carcinoma cells, but not basal cell carcinoma cells.
- it is suggested that atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) could develop by either KRAS or EGFR gene mutation, but AAH harbouring a KRAS gene mutation might not progress further to an invasive cancer
- delE746-A750+L858R double activating EGFR mutations exist in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients and both locate on the same allele
- Infection of AGS cells by H. pylori significantly increased EGFR mRNA and protein levels.
- EGF-stimulated receptor ubiquitination and trafficking are mediated via GAPex-5: GAPex-5-mediated EGFR ubiquitination is independent of Rab5 activation
- epidermal growth factor receptor D761Y mutation has a role in response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors
- Study has identified a subset of naturally occurring EGFR mutations that lack a critical radioprotective function of EGFR, providing valuable insights on how the EGFR mediates cell survival in response to radiation in NSCLC cell lines.
- Somatic mutation in the tyrosine kinase (TK) domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is associated with the sensitivity of non-smal cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to TK inhibitor Gefitinib.
- Gbetagamma mediates UVB-induced human keratinocyte apoptosis by augmenting the ectodomain shedding of HB-EGF, which sequentially activates EGFR and p38
- Downregulation of E-cadhedrin expression is associataed with increased EGFR downstream signalling and a subsequent increase in expression of Th2-attracting chemokine TARC.
- MIP-3alpha-mediated ERK1/2 activation in Caco-2 cells appeared to require metalloproteinase-dependent release of the endogenous EGFR ligand amphiregulin and transactivation of the EGFR.
- Overexpression of EGFR and HER-2 is associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- Our data suggest that erbB-1/erbB-2 overexpression is a direct effect of higher than normal transcriptional activity of the encoding genes in a subset of human endometrial carcinomas
- Although EGFR mutations appeared to be partially associated with the early steps of adenocarcinoma development, such mutations may possibly occur randomly even in multiple lesions in a single patient
- Shiga toxin trafficking to the Golgi is controlled by several Rab GAPs and their target Rabs and this process is discrete from ligand-induced EGFR trafficking. RabGAP-5 was unique among the GAPs tested and reduced the uptake of EGF but not Shiga toxin
- It seems that continued EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition may be beneficial to EGFR-mutant lung cancers.
- EGFR mutation can easily be detected in metastatic lymph nodes sampled by EBUS-TBNA.
- study of EGFR, HER2, TP53& KRAS mutations of p14arf expression of non-small cell lung cancers in relation to smoking
- the R497K polymorphism of the EGFR could be a key determinant for reduced tumor recurrence and a longer survival of patients with stage II/III as well as metastatic colorectal carcinoma
- among adenocarcinomas, nonmucinous and mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma components were significantly associated with EGFR and K-ras gene mutations, respectively
- Data support that there are significant differences between EGFR and COX-2 expressions in the 3 different histogenetic types of cervical cancer.
- In bronchioalveolar carcinoma/adenocarcinoma with bronchioalveolar features mucinous differentiation was significantly correlated with the absence of EGFR mutation and presence of KRAS mutation.
- Amplification of the EGFR gene and polysomy 7 are frequent alterations in primary melanomas and are associated with bad prognosis
- OSU-03012 prevents YBX1 from inducing EGFR.
- EGFR and K-ras mutations may have a role in progression of resected non-small-cell lung cancer
- In Chinese lung cancer patients, a low number of CA repeats in intron 1 of the EGF receptor gene is associated with a better clinical outcome during therapy with gefitinib.
- EGFR signalling plays a central role in cyclooxygenase-2 induction by transforming growth factor-beta 1 in human bronchial epithelial cells.
- EGFR mutations were therefore significantly associated with a better PFS in the first-line cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens.
- In NSCLC cases with wt- or mutant KRAS, downregulation of EGFR expression was a rare event although upregulation in bone metastases was observed more frequently in wt K-RAS cases.
- Decreased intratumoral EGFR expression and the absence of activated EGFR suggests that EGFR inhibition might not be an ideal target for antibody therapy.
- EGFR activation in malignant gliomas can transcriptionally activate COX-2 expression in a process that requires p38-MAPK and Sp1/Sp3
- endothelin A receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor are targeted by the combination of ZD4054 and gefitinib in ovarian carcinoma
- EGCG inhibits the binding of EGF to the EGFR and the subsequent dimerization and activation of the EGFR by altering membrane organization
- EGFR-mutated atypical adenomatous hyperplasias, but not atypical adenomatous hyperplasias with wild-type EGFR, are likely to progress to nonmucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinomas.
- The combination of cetuximab and trastuzumab could induce synergistic antiproliferative effects in several oesophageal Squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with EGFR and HER-2 expression.
- Neither mutation of EGFR nor increased copy number of EGFR or HER2 was diagnostic of response to gefitinib.
- ZD6474 treatment inhibited EGFR phosphorylation and led to a dose- and time-dependent decrease in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell
- Increased expression of erbB3 may play an additional role in non-small-cell lung carcinomas especially in female, nonsmoker, adenocarcinoma, and with EGFR gene mutation.
- EGFR was associated to disease-free survival for breast cancer patients treated with 2 years of adjuvant tamoxifen.
- data suggest that ligand release-independent transactivation of EGFR may diversify early TGF-beta signaling and represent a novel pathway leading to TGF-beta-mediated gene expression.
- GM3 has an effect on kinase associated with EGFR
- Fluorescence in situ hybridization/immunohistochemistry analysis of EGFR may be a useful ancillary tool to classify difficult cytology cases and inform clinicians arranging targeted chemotherapy.
- No correlation between epidermal growth factor receptor protein overexpression and epidermal growth factor receptor gene amplification in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
- HGF induces transactivation of the EGFR in epithelial cells, and this is a prerequisite for induction of full motility.
- Adenin/guanine polymorphisms are not associated with endometrial cancer in a Japanese population.
- EGFR mutation and gene amplification is asociated with clear cell sarcoma of the kidney
- activating phosphorylation site on the c-Met receptor was found to be highly responsive to EGFRvIII levels, indicating cross-activation of the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase by EGFRvIII
- acquired resistance against both erlotinib, as well as gefitinib was most likely a result of tumor cells acquiring the T790M mutations
- CK5/6 and/or EGFR expressing tumor types have a persistently poorer prognosis over the longer term.
- These data suggest that the distinct topography of receptors and their docking partners modulates signaling activities.
- Treatment with either SP600125, a specific chemical inhibitor of JNK, or the expression of a dominant-negative JNK form inhibited autocrine production of uPA and HB-EGF, which block EGFR phosphorylation and mitigates invasive capacity.
- In conclusion, alpha(2A)-adrenoreceptor activates ERK and Akt in intestinal cells by a common pathway which depends on PI3-kinase activation and results from EGF receptor transactivation.
- When combining thymidylate synthase and epidermal growth factor A61G genotype analysis, a small subgroup with a complete pathologic response rate of 100 percent was identified.
- Oncogenic activity of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase mutant alleles is enhanced by the T790M drug resistance mutation
- CISH (chromogenic in situ hybridization) is an alternative assay to FISH in determining EGFR copy number.
- study investigated EGFR protein expression & gene mutations in exons 18, 19 and 21 in 40 renal angiomyolipomas (AML); no EGFR gene mutations of TK domain were detected and strong immunostaining was found in 5% of the renal AML cases
- EGFR insertion mutation in exon 20 could not be ignored from Japanese lung cancers
- Study indicated that that mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR and expression of EGFRvIII (a truncated EGFR variant) are rare events in bladder cancer and therefore do not contribute to the malignant phenotype of this tumor.
- study found that EGFR down-regulation was impaired in two non-small cell lung cancers with EGFR tyrosine kinase domain mutations; the mutant receptors were poorly ubiquitylated and exhibited decreased association with the ubiquitin ligase Cbl
- Reduction of sperm motility by tryptase through the PAR-2 receptor involves epidermal growth factor receptor pathways.
- EGFR may play an important role in the pathogenesis and phenotype of Congenital cystic airway malformation/congenital pulmonary airway malformation.
- EGFR immunoreactivity with basal cytoplasmic pattern was exclusively seen in terminal respiratory unit type lung adenocarcinoma and a subset of these cases was seen with EGFR mutations in the responders to EGFR inhibitor therapy
- EGFR mutation status influenced the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil-tegafur.
- Regarding EGFR, no specific mutation was detected in five of the six patients with lung cancer whereas one female patient who had never smoked had a missense mutation.
- Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ubiquitination as a mechanism of acquired resistance.
- Hydrocortisone and indomethacin negatively modulate EGF-R signaling in human fetal intestine.
- Overexpression of EGFR is associated with astrocytic tumor pathogenesis and progression
- results demonstrate that Bmx is a critical downstream target of the constitutively active PI 3-kinase in PTEN-deficient PCa cells and further show that Bmx is recruited by the EGF receptor and ErbB3 and activated in response to their respective ligands
- TAE226-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells with overexpressed EGFR.
- The mitogenic signaling for schwannomas is unlikely to be related to overexpression or amplification of EGFR.
- induction of p50/p50/Bcl-3 complexes by latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) C-terminal activating region 1 mediates LMP1-induced epidermal growth factor receptor upregulation
- These results suggest that electric signals might play a role in metastasis of breast cancers by enhancing cell migration through the epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway.
- upregulation of EGFR expression in a few warty and basaloid HG-VIN cases and in many SCCs of the vulva.
- We report the histological and genetic study of two glioblastomas, one case arising de novo and the other case arising 3 years after a previously diagnosed anaplastic astrocytoma, with concurrent EGFR amplification and TP-53 mutation
- sex and smoking status could influence the EGFR mutational spectrum
- the novel secreted ErbB1 isoforms may have functions distinct from the plasma membrane receptor
- This study aimed to explore, whether polymorphisms in BCL2, Cyclin D1, FAS, EGF and EGFR genes affect survival in a cohort of patients with squamous cell esophageal cancer treated with CT+RT with a view to identify the potential therapeutic targets.
- Inhibitory activity of cetuximab on epidermal growth factor receptor mutations is associated with non small cell lung cancers
- EGFR mutations do not have significant prognostic value in primary resected non-small cell lung cancer
- curcumin and FOLFOX work through attenuation of the EGFR and IGF-1R signaling pathways
- EGFR induces expression of IRF-1 via STAT1 and STAT3 activation leading to growth arrest of human cancer cells
- The presence of neuroendocrine cells may have an effect on the expression of TGF-alpha and EGFR in gastric adenocarcinoma, and the autocrine mechanism between TGF-alpha and EGFR plays an important role in the prognosis of gastric carcinoma.
- CCND1/GAPDH mRNA levels were significantly higher in lung cancer with EGFR mutation than in lung cancer without EGFR mutation
- EGFR gene amplification or protein expression is not a predictor of gefitinib efficacy in Japanese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer
- The serum CEA level appears to be closely associated with the presence of EGFR gene mutations in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinomas.
- Amphiregulin is a specific ligand of the EGFR and a potent mitogen for epithelial cells such as breast cancer cell lines.
- Wnt and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathways are altered through aberrant methylation and mutation in non small cell lung cancer
- Absence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in cervical cancer.
- Increased EGFR gene copy number and elevated EGF levels are present in a significant proportion of pancreatic cancer patients, and this may reflect increased EGFR pathway dependence with improved sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapy.
- These results suggest that the EGFR polymorphisms, particularly the 181945C>T polymorphism, could be used as markers for the genetic susceptibility to lung cancer.
- EGFR plays a role in the initiation of ovarian and uterine cancer and supported previous studies in breast cancer that the receptor can contribute to the neoplastic process in a significant albeit incremental way.
- No previouly described somatic EGFR mutations were found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma DNA, but other DNA sequence variations were found in 9 of 31 patients. Activating EGFR mutations seem to be a rare event in Spanish HNSCC patients.
- we have shown no expression of ErbB-1 in vestibular schwannomas
- Phosphorylated-GSK3beta-ser9 and EGFR are involved in the histogenesis of different lung carcinomas.
- The functional interplay between EGFR overexpression, hTERT activation, and p53 mutation in esophageal epithelial cells with activation of stromal fibroblasts induces tumor development, invasion, and differentiation.
- This is the first time EGFR expression has been tracked meaningfully and developmentally from the normal condition through disease progression using in vitro, xenograft, and matched normal and tumor samples.
- examination of rate of association reactions between Grb2 and epidermal growth factor receptor
- CONCLUSION: [111In]DTPA-hEGF is translocated to the nucleus of BC cells complexed with EGFR and importin beta1.
- The clinical relevance of 'other' EGFR mutation variants remains uncertain and requires further assessment.
- EGFR expression, mutations, polymorphisms, and gene amplification contribute to to the pharmacodynamics of EGFR inhibitors.
- glioblastomas with EGFR gene amplification invariably exhibited EGFR overexpression at the level of the whole tumor, tumor cells with EGFR gene amplification did not always show EGFR overexpression at the level of individual tumor cells
- Antitumor mechanisms of systemically administered EGFR antisense nucleotides in combination with docetaxel in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is reported.
- Up-regulation of the EGFR cascade may have an important role regarding mucus production in the sinus mucosa of patients with CRS and CRS/NP associated with hyperplasia and metaplasia of epithelial goblet cells
- The activation of PAR-2 expressed by human intestinal epithelial cells enhances mucin secretion, a component of the intestinal innate defence, via a pathway involving EGFR transactivation.
- elucidated genes not previously associated with EGFR-mutant NSCLC, two of which enhanced the clonogenicity of these cells, distinguishing these mediators from others previously shown to maintain cell survival
- Amplifications within regulatory sequences of egfr are associated with the expression of eps15 and caveolin-1; EGFR and caveolin-1, eps15, pAkt, mdm2 and pERK seems to present a major molecular pathway in progression of breast phyllodes tumours.
- AP-1 and NF-kappaB transcription factors are activated and EGF-R is expressed in these cells and associated with COX-2 and VEGF production.
- more than half of the EGFR population is present in membrane rafts and smaller percentages are present in caveolae and clathrin-coated pits
- amphiregulin-specific EGF-R fate results from decreased hSprouty2 degradation and reduced Cbl recruitment to underphosphorylated EGF-R, two effects that impair EGF-R trafficking to lysosomes
- Epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression was significantly associated with subsequent metastasis and was found to be an independent prognostic factor for metastasis
- The epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGF-R) is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the ErbB family. The increased immunoreactivity of EGF was detected in serous-mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary.
- These results highlight a role of P2Y(1)R in EGFR-dependent epithelial cell proliferation. P2Y(1)R could potentially mediate both trophic stimuli of basally released nucleotides and first-line mitogenic stimulation upon tissue damage.
- EGFR could activate the gp130/JAK/STAT3 pathway by means of IL-6 upregulation in primary human lung adenocarcinomas, making this pathway a potential target for cancer treatment.
- investigate the status of Her2, EGFR and cyclin D1 in 95 primary breast carcinomas
- TNF activated ERK in an EGFR and Src dependent and an EGFR and Src independent modes
- This study demonstrates that ADV-Avi/biotin-PEG-EGF construct systems can be applied for cell-specific delivery of ADV with simultaneously reducing innate immune responses.
- Results indicate that GEP100 links EGFR signalling to Arf6 activation to induce invasive activities of some breast cancer cells, and hence may contribute to their metastasis and malignancy.
- EGFR expression is associated with tumour progression and VEGF expression may be involved in haematogenic metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma.
- EGFR mutations were frequently found in lung adenocarcinoma with ground-glass opacity (GGO) on High-Resolution CT in this study.
- development of PF00299804 as treatment for cancers with mutations and/or amplifications of ERBB family members.
- MET amplification occurs independently of EGFR(T790M) mutations in lung adenocarcinoma
- glioma tissue harbored numerical aberrations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene, whereas no abnormality could be observed in necrosis or in nonglioma gliosis
- heterozygous and synonymous transition of the EGFR gene and low EGFR expression levels of mRNA and protein in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) may be reliable predictors of high sensitivity in SCCHN patients to gefitinib.
- clinical data suggesting that there could be a subpopulation of metastatic colorectal cancer patients that are more liable to benefit from anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies--REVIEW
- Overexpression of EGFR in lung adenocarcinomas with components of BAC histology correlate with never-smoker status and improved overall survival and disease-free interval.
- AC dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in intron 1 of human EGFR may have a role in breast cancer in certain ethnic groups
- EGFR mutations and the administration of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors during Whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) were independent predictors of response to WBRT in brain metastases of lung adenocarcinoma.
- EGFR overexpression was found in 87.5% (35/40) of the laryngeal primary tumors and 82.5% (33/40) of the corresponding lymph node metastases. There was a good agreement between the primary tumors and the paired metastases regarding EGFR expression.
- Epidermal growth factor receptor and protein kinase C signaling to ERK2: spatiotemporal regulation of ERK2 by dual specificity phosphatases.
- oncogenic EGFR and c-Met have roles in pathways mediating drug response
- Genomic alteration of the HER2-neu and EGFR genes is frequent (25%) in ovarian cancer.
- EGFR mutations in carcinogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma: distinct pathological subtypes with different EGFR mutations: homozygous deletion in exon 19 in the papillary adenocarcinoma and a point mutation of L858R in exon 21 in the tubular adenocarcinoma
- EGFR structural alterations are rare in gastric carcinoma, but whenever present, it leads to tumour growth.
- Cell line genetic heterogeneity and/or multiple determinants modulate the role played by EGFR/HER2 in regulating cell proliferation.
- These findings implicate the ErbB pathway in vestibular schwannoma growth
- Mutations of EGFR and K-ras genes represent an early event in lung adenocarcinomagenesis, and AAH convincingly seems to be a precursor lesion in a subset of cases of adenocarcinoma.
- EGFR overexpression is present in a majority of hepatocellular carcinomas, suggesting a role for EGFR antagonists in therapy. The increased expression does not correlate with an increase in the EGFR gene copy number.
- examination of role of lipids in HER1/HER2-driven progression of human breast epithelial cells towards malignancy
- EGFR activation is the cause of both hyperplastic growth and VDR reduction in secondary parathyroidism hyperplasia
- EGFR mutation is not associated with cutaneous melanoma
- In human uterine leiomyomas, EGFR were also overexpressed.
- EGFR protein is up-regulated in the inverted papilloma, and both synchronous and metachronous carcinoma with inverted papilloma of the nasal cavity, suggesting EGFR is involved in the transformation from inverted papilloma to squamous cell carcinoma.
- Stimulating human glioblastoma cells with recombinant HGF induces biologically relevant EGFR activation.
- Conclude that selected bile acids modulate intestinal permeability via EGF receptor autophosphorylation, occludin dephosphorylation, and rearrangement at the tight junction level.
- The population of tumor cells with polysomy of chromosome 7 and EGFR locus correlated significantly with histological grade. High-grade astrocytomas (AAs and GBMs) had elevated fractions of tumor cells with polysomy of chromosome 7 and EGFR locus.
- study describes activation of EGFR by mutant E-cadherin as a novel mechanism in tumor cells that explains the enhanced motility of tumor cells in the presence of an extracellular mutation of E-cadherin
- Nanoprobe assay may permit quantifiable and repetitive imaging of EGFR expression in colorectal cancer.
- Results demonstrate the physical and functional association of CD9 with epidermal growth factor receptor on MKN-28 cells.
- Silibinin impairs constitutively active TGFalpha-EGFR autocrine loop in advanced human prostate carcinoma cells.
- study found that EGFR high gene copy number and activating mutations in lung adenocarcinomas are not consistently accompanied by positivity for EGFR protein by immunohistochemistry
- These data indicate that PTHrP contributes to the malignancy of oral cancers downstream of EGFR signaling, and may thus provide a therapeutic target for oral cancer.
- cases of primary lung carcinoma were analyzed for correlations between the presence of somatic mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene and the phosphorylation status of EGFR.
- These data suggest that Ack1 is involved in an early step of EGFR desensitization.
- EGFR mutations are associated with a significantly higher response rate and longer duration of response following treatment with EGFR TKIs
- Neither EGFR nor BMI-1 had significant prognostic impact for basal-like phenotype of breast cancer.
- large-scale database to discriminate the survival impact of EGFR mutations against those of sex and smoking after gefitinib therapy.
- Here we show that epidermal growth factor (EGF) and heregulin induce CD44 shedding in JIMT-1, an ErbB2-overexpressing cell line resistant to trastuzumab, accompanied by internalization and intramembrane proteolysis of CD44 and enhanced cellular motility
- Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling to Erk1/2 and STATs control the intensity of the epithelial inflammatory responses to rhinovirus infection.
- Regulation of GST-MDA-7 toxicity in human glioblastoma cells by ERBB1, ERK1/2, PI3K, and JNK1-3 pathway signaling.
- MUC5AC is over-expressed in gallstone disease, despite the decrease in the expression of EGFR mRNA.
- no association was apparent between EGFR expression and highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat in intron 1 (CA-SSR I) status in colorectal tumors or normal tissues
- Following ligand binding and receptor activation, EGFR is endocytosed and transported to lysosomes where the receptor is degraded, and this downregulation of EGFR is a complex and tightly regulated process.
- Data suggest that Fra-1 enhances lung cancer epithelial cell motility and invasion by inducing the activity of matrix metalloproteinases, in particular MMP-2 and MMP-9, and EGFR-activated signaling.
- GPR30 has a role in breast tumor metastasis and transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor
- Lysophosphatidic acid-induced transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor regulates cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E(2) release via C/EBPbeta in human bronchial epithelial cells.
- EGFR gene mutation and amplification occurred frequently in advanced prostate cancer cases.
- first direct comparison of survival of resected patients with either EGFR or KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinomas compared with those wild type for both genes; EGFR & KRAS mutations define distinct molecular subsets of resected lung adenocarcinoma
- Increased EGFR copy number was highly correlated with EGFR mutation in NSCLC patients, but less correlated with TKI responsiveness and the overall survival compared with EGFR mutations.
- microRNA-128b directly regulates EGFR,however EGFR expression and mutation status did not correlate with survival outcome.
- Nuclear accumulation of EGFR plays a key role in iNOS expression and resultant DNA damage, leading to EBV-mediated Naso-Pharyngeal Carcinoma(NPC).
- These findings indicate that EGFR plays an important role in the maintenance of goblet cell hyperplasia.
- These data implicate RME-8 in sorting decisions influencing EGFR at the level of endosomes and point to RME-8 as a potential regulatory target in ErbB2-positive breast cancers.
- The results implicated that activated EGFR molecules associated with clathrin-coated pits but not caveolae at low doses of EGF, whereas they were located in these two domains at high EGF doses.
- Quantitative PCR analysis performed to determine the gene copy number of EGFR relative to that of a control gene (VEST1) did not detect increases in EGFR gene copy number among all patients evaluable for efficacy.
- Patients with advanced NSCLC who are life long never-smokers, those with EGFR TK mutations, and those with bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma histology seem to have promising efficacy with first-line therapy with EGFR TKIs
- EGFR mutations are frequently found in female, nonsmoker patients with adenocarcinoma suggests that some genetic predisposition causes the mutations in the EGFR gene, which result in carcinogenesis and maintenance of lung cancer.
- Molecular analysis of the primary and a liver metastasis did neither find any EGF-R mutation nor an EGF-R amplification.
- Altered growth factor receptor trafficking and GTP-Ras turnover may be sites where recently evolved genes such as TBC1D3 selectively modulate signaling in hominoids and humans
- siRNA-mediated knockdown is effective in lung adenocarcinomas with EGFR mutation and those with resistance to gefitinib by acquired mutation in EGFR.
- U87 glioblastoma cells transduced to express the epidermal growth factor receptor vIII (EGFRvIII) mutant do not respond toirrradiation with 26s proteasome inhibition.[EGFRVIII]
- Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation might be a very early event in the pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the lung.
- In stage III non-small cell lung cancer, there was a significant association between TTF-1 and EGFR
- the crosstalk between genotropic and non-genotropic AR signalling interferes with signalling of EGFR in response to ligand leading to a lower invasive phenotype of AR-positive PCa cells [review]
- Notch-1 upregulates EGFR expression and also demonstrate Notch-1 regulation of p53 in gliomas.
- PAR1-stimulated EGFR and ErbB2 transactivation leads to prolonged extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 signaling and promotes breast carcinoma cell invasion.
- allelic somatic doublet mutations are present at high frequency in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase (TK) domain in lung cancers
- These data identify an inhibitory action of AR on EGFR signaling, and support research investigating AR/EGFR antagonism in the treatment of ovarian cancers.
- HCMV-induced angiogenic response depended on viral binding to and signaling through the beta(1) and beta(3) integrins and the EGFR, via their ability to activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the MAPK signaling pathways
- EGFR and KRAS mutations occur early during the multistage pathogenesis of peripheral lung adenocarcinomas
- Patients with T790M EGFR mutation may still response to erlotinib after gefitinib treatment failure
- EGFR mutation is associated with Long-lasting complete remission with tyrosine kinase inhibitor in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
- Gene amplification of EGFR was found in 11 lung cancers. Nine of the cancers showed heterogeneous distribution, and amplification was associated with higher histologic grade or invasive growth.
- overexpression of JKTBP1 in LNCaP cells leads to abnormal cell proliferation
- Our data suggest that EGFR mutations are associated with papillary adenocarcinoma lung cancer
- acute loss of p53 in normal HKc induces EGFR expression by a mechanism that involves YY1 and Sp1 and does not require p53 binding to the EGFR promoter
- In malignant pleural mesothelioma, epidermal growth factor receptor to play a role in a limited subset of patients
- The results lead to the conclusion that the interaction between ABD1 and ABD2 and actin during EGF-induced signal transduction, and thus between EGFR and actin, are important in cell activation.
- EGFR overexpression was observed in a subset of cases with gastric carcinoma and was associated with an unfavourable prognosis.
- study reports on the associations of EGFR mutation, amplification, and protein expression in non-small cell lung cancer
- non-small cell lung cancer patients with exon 19 deletions survived longer following gefitinib treatment than those with exon 21 point mutations
- BIBW2992, an anilino-quinazoline designed to irreversibly bind EGFR and HER2, potently suppresses the kinase activity of wild-type and activated EGFR and HER2 mutants.
- Coordinated overexpression of the EGFR pathway predicts susceptibility to EGFR inhibitors in pancreatic cancer transplanted into nude mice.
- Functional EGFR polymorphisms is an independent prognostic markers of survival in metastatic colon cancer and is gender dependent.
- The T790M "gatekeeper" mutation in EGFR mediates resistance to low concentrations of an irreversible EGFR inhibitor HKI-272
- high EGFR copy number via aneusomy is associated with metaplastic breast carcinoma
- 15 Chinese NSCLC patients (62.5%, 15/24) harbored EGFR mutations which included deletion mutations in exon 19 and missense mutations in exon 21.
- Exon 19 of EGFR mutation and CA-repeat polymorphism in intron 1 is associated with lung cancer
- HER1 showed significantly increased expression in differentiated thyroid cancer
- Results show that EGFRvIII can be 'shared' between glioma cells by intercellular transfer of membrane-derived microvesicles ('oncosomes').
- Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations are associated with non-small-cell lung cancers
- Sensitive detection of EGFR gene mutations in purified genomic DNA from mixed cell populations.
- in response to EGF, active MT1-MMP is directed to the leading edge of migrating cells along micropatterned fibronectin stripes, in tandem with the local accumulation of the EGF receptor
- Women with two short CA repeats (<19)in EGFR are at a significantly higher risk of breast cancer. Women with short alleles (< 19) had much greater risk of developing cancer before the age of 55.
- Somatic mutations of EGFR or KIT of the thymomas and thymic carcinomas are presented in a small number of patients.
- Hepatitis E pORF3 localizes to early and recycling endosomes and causes a delay in the postinternalization trafficking of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to late endosomes/lysosomes.
- The researchers investigated the expression of epidermal growth factor receptors in synovial sarcomas and found no associated mutations in EGFR genomic sequences.
- EGFR mutations contribute to the acquisition of malignant potential in the AAH-AD sequence and occur independently in each lesion and in multicentric AD, BAC and AAH.
- Some lung adenocarcinomas may demonstrate intratumoral heterogeneity for the occurance of EGFR mutation.
- Delivery of gemcitabine to tumor cells can be improved by using EGF receptor-targeted immunoliposomes.
- EGFR gene mutations are frequently seen in lung adenocarcinomas with bronchioloalveolar differentiation and can be linked to chromosomal imbalances and increased VEGF expression
- A Met/c-Src-mediated signaling pathway is a mediator of EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation and cell growth in the presence of EGFR TKIs.
- EGFR blockade combined with conventional chemotherapy results in anti-human soft tissue sarcomas (STS)activity in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the possibility that combining these synergistic treatments will improve anti-STS therapy.
- Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor correlate with increased response in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors
- EGF transregulates opioid receptors through EGFR-mediated tyrosyl phosphorylation and activation of GRK2; GRK2 may be a mediator of cross-talk from RTK to GPCR signaling pathway
- igh frequency of EGFR expression in osteosarcomas is associated with predominantly short alleles of EGFR-CA SSR
- Phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor is associated with tumor-associated endothelialcells in the colon
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and interleukin-8 produced by gastric epithelial cells during Helicobacter pylori exposure induce expression and activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor.
- Novel EGFR mutation D1012H and polymorphism at exon 25 is associated with lung cancer.
- ADAM17 mediates the EGFR/AKT/cyclin D1 pathway and cell cycle progression to the S phase induced by UVA radiation
- EGFR expression was found in in 55 (63%) of patients with gastric cancer
- Mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor in colon cancer indicate susceptibility or resistance to gefitinib
- a critical role for a EGF-R-connected p60c-src-kinase-mediated pathway involving STAT3 and contributing to cell survival and proliferation within colorectal carcinomatumours.
- We characterized, for the first time, EGFR molecular alterations in Portuguese patients with malignant glioma
- We found a higher protein expression of EGF-R in human heptic cirrhosis (HC) tissues, suggesting that there was autocrine circulation of EGF-R in HC tissues.
- These results indicate the possibility of designing BTC mutants, which have an activity of inducing differentiation only, without facilitating growth promotion.
- there is a role of the EGFR gene, now as a target of miRNA regulation in lung cancer
- Ubc4/5 and c-Cbl continue to ubiquitinate EGF receptor after internalization to facilitate polyubiquitination and degradation
- EGFR exon 19 deletion or L858R mutations in adenocarcinoma were the best predictors for longer TTF in stage IIIB/IV chemotherapy-naive NSCLC patients receiving first-line gefitinib monotherapy
- EGFR contributes to RET kinase activation, signaling, and growth stimulation and may therefore be an attractive therapeutic target in RET-induced neoplasms
- EGFRvIII is not a part of the malignant phenotype in ovarian cancer
- The p-EGFR:p-AKT ratio deserves further investigation as a predictive parameter for clinical response to erlotinib in NSCLC tumors expressing wild-type EGFR gene.
- the EGFR/pEGFR phenotype has a role in progerssion of invasive breast cancer
- Present in some gastrointestinal stromal tumors, especially in small gastric tumors, and might participate in the growth regulation of human gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
- We screened for mutations in exons 18 to 21 of the EGFR gene in head and neck squamous cell patients. The otherwise rare EGFR mutation p.G796S occurred in 2 patients with HNSCC
- Jab1 is a target of EGFR signaling in ERalpha- cell lines and breast tumors
- EGFR is often expressed in thymic epithelial tumors and as such may prove to be a potential therapeutic target.
- EGFR-tyrosine kinase polymorphism might be associated with clinicopathological background of lung cancers.
- These results provide insight into a glutamate-induced regulatory pathway distinct from that described for cytokine-induced NF-kappaB activation and have important implications with regard to both normal glial cell physiology and pathogenesis.
- In salivary gland carcinoma, two drug-sensitizing EGFR exon 19 delE746-A750 mutations were identified in an adenocystic and in a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland.
- There were multi-nucleotide in-frame deletion mutations in exon 19 of EGFR gene. Mutations of the exon 19 of EGFR gene were higher in female, non-smoking and adenocarcinoma lung cancer patients.
- These studies demonstrate positive cross talk between ER, c-Src, EGFR, and STAT5b in ER+ breast cancer cells.
- There was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of cases with gains of EGFR in squamous cell carcinomas, compared with adenocarcinomas
- EGFR was amplified 11% in high-grade dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma cases.
- EGFR gene mutation was the only significant molecular predictor for time-to-progression in non small cell lung cancer.
- EGFR FISH-positive status was associated with improved outcome after erlotinib therapy.
- was no difference in the expression of EGFR, p185(erbB-2) or Bcl-2, or in nuclear accumulation of p53 in these IDC from pre- vs. post-menopausal women.
- Integrin alphavbeta3 mediates upregulation of EGFR expression and activity in ovarian neoplasms.
- Hyaluronic acid promotes CD44-EGFR interaction, which in turn activates PKC signaling, involving Akt, Rac1, Phox, and the production of ROS, FAK, and MMP-2, to enhance melanoma cell motility.
- KRAS mutations are associated with cetuximab failure in EGFR FISH+ colorectal cancer. There is potential prognostic implication of IGF1R expression in colorectal cancer
- EGF contributes to differentiation and migration of myofibroblasts induced by TGF-beta1 through EGF-receptor activation and is important modulator of wound healing and scar tissue formation.
- Somatic mutations in the exons 18 to 21 of the tyrosine kinase (TK) domain of EGFR are correlated with a high likelihood of response to EGFR TK inhibitors in advanced lung cancer.
- Somatic mutations in the EGFR have emerged as important biomarkers in predicting the likelihood of tumor response to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib in patients with advanced NSCLC.
- Immunoexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor in salivary gland-type lung carcinomas is not related to epidermal growth factor receptor gene copy number or mutational status.
- We show that the inhibition of CK1 activates RhoB and promotes RhoB dependent actin fiber formation and EGF-R level.
- selected polymorphic variants in the estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism pathways are unlikely to be major genetic modifiers of the prevalence of EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer
- expression and activation of c-Src as well as EGF receptor promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression
- PLCgamma-1 and c-Src activation contribute to HNSCC invasion downstream of EGF receptor
- Cardiomyocyte expression of mutant ErbB-1 leads to the blockade of ErbB-2 signaling and cardiac dysfunction.
- These data implicate ataxin-2 to play a role in endocytic receptor cycling.
- EGFR is a key negative regulator of Notch1 gene expression in primary human keratinocytes, intact epidermis and skin squamous cell carcinomas
- Regulation of hERG channels by protein tyrosine kinases modifies the channel activity and thus likely alters electrophysiological properties including action potential duration and cell excitability in human heart and neurons.
- analysis of PAFR activation and pleiotropic effects on tyrosine phospho-EGFR/Src/FAK/paxillin in ovarian cancer
- inhibition of HER3 may be more clinically relevant than inhibition of EGFR in HER2-amplified breast cancer and adding pertuzumab to trastuzumab may augment therapeutic benefit by blocking HER2/HER3 signaling
- gefitinib has significant cytotoxic activity in AML by inducing apoptosis through non-EGFR dependent pathways.
- EGFR activation induces COX-2 expression through PI-3K and/or p38MAPK pathways
- EGFR and erbB2 are potential targets in treatment of Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
- EGFR polymorphisms are associated with significant differences in the in vitro cytotoxicity of several types of DNA-interfering agents
- EGFR protein is frequently expressed in a subset of patients with chemorefractory metastatic embryonal carcinoma
- Our data suggests that R497K polymorphism of epidermal growth factor receptor gene may be used as a genetic susceptibility marker of acute coronary syndrome
- In vascular smooth muscle cells shedding of membrane-bound epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor ligands and activation of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Src contributed to the thrombin-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
- the mutational spectrum of somatic mutations of EGFR in non-small cell lung cancer (Analytical database)
- EGF cooperates with alpha(5)beta(1) integrin signaling to induce EMT in cervical cancer cells via up-regulated Snail
- analysis of EGFR mutations in small samples obtained from patients with non-small cell lung cancer
- CSF1, EGFR, and CA IX have roles in increasing survival in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
- the hMena(+11a) isoform is associated with an epithelial phenotype and identifies EGFR-dependent cell lines that are sensitive to the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib
- the length of the EGFR CA repeat polymorphism in lung carcinoma is inversely related with level of EGFR protein expression in the carcinoma
- These results suggest that PI-sEGFR, a proteolytic isoform of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), arises by proteolytic cleavage of EGFR via a mechanism that is regulated by both PKC- and phosphorylation-dependent pathways.
- This is the first comparison of multiple, site-specific phosphoproteins with the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain mutation status in vivo.
- Report peptide ligand-mediated liposome distribution and targeting to EGFR expressing tumor in vivo.
- Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of the EGFR unexpectedly has a greater impact on receptor signaling than on receptor degradation.
- High levels of EGFR is associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
- analysis of EGFR and HER2 expression in primary cervical cancers and corresponding lymph node metastases
- 64)Cu-DOTA-cetuximab was successfully used to detect and quantify EGFR expression in cervical cancer tumors, and small-animal PET/CT of EGFR-expressing CaSki tumors suggests potential for PET/CT of EGFR-positive tumors.
- EGFR expression and genomic gains at the EGFR locus are prevalent in osteosarcoma tumors, which also commonly harbor deletions at the PTEN locus
- Distinct molecular targets of EGFR1 and EGFRvIII are identified and the importance of receptor internalization in distinguishing their specific functions, is demonstrated.
- addiction (dependence on a single oncogene) to the mutationally activated EGFR in human lung cancer cells
- review of EGFR, its major signaling pathways, its identification and biology in NSCLC and responsiveness to gefitinib, erlotinib and cetuximab in connection to EGFR mutations and mechanisms of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors [review]
- In human gingival fibroblasts, enamel matrix derivative-induced extracellular regulated kinase activation and proliferation are partially due to a Src-dependent, metalloproteinase-mediated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor.
- WWP1 may promote cell proliferation and survival partially through suppressing RNF11-mediated ErbB2 and EGFR downregulation in human cancer cells.
- The dimerization and the slow internalization of the receptor accompanied by the delayed phosphorylation of tyrosine 1068 and its degradation by the proteasome, is reported.
- there is a high expression of EGFR and/or c-kit in basal-like breast carcinoma in this series from Uganda and their expression is associated with features of poor prognosis.
- A worse tumor differentiation and a positive nodal stage were significantly associated with EGFR overexpression
- Mena expression in colorectal lesions.
- These data indicate that ERK activity, by phosphorylation of a threonine residue in the EGFR juxtamembrane cytoplasmic domain, modulates EGFR trafficking and signaling.
- Patients with HER2 nonamplified and HER1 through HER3-negative tumors showed significantly increased relapse-free and overall survival rates when treated with epirubucin-CMF.
- Recombinant EGFR constructs containing the extracellular, transmembrane, juxtamembrane, and kinase domains are overexpressed and purified from human embryonic kidney 293 cell cultures.
- EGFR and TLR4 in 16HBE14o- cells stimulated with meprin alpha. NFkappaB was also activated via MyD88 in these cells by meprin alpha
- Gene-gene interaction of EGFR 497Arg>Lys and EGF +61A>G polymorphisms enhanced risk for esophageal cancer, indicating additive effects.
- Bayesian network analysis of these and other datasets revealed that PTRF might be a potentially important component of the ERBB signaling network
- Cortactin, fascin-1 and EGFR have roles in progression of ovarian carcinomas
- As the upstream of Akt activation, H. pylori infection activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at Tyr 992, phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase (PI3K) p85 subunit and PI3K-dependent kinase 1 at Ser 241.
- EGFR autocrine system can couple multiple signaling pathways to ERK activation
- multiple mechanisms underlie acquired gefitinib resistance, and selection on a background of EGFR genetic heterogeneity also contributes to acquisition of resistance in a proportion of nonsmall cell lung cancers
- Radiation-induced caveolin-1- and Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor-phosphorylations were associated with nuclear EGFR transport and activation of DNA-Activated Protein Kinase.
- COX-2 promotes colon tumor progression, but not initiation, and it does so, in part, by activating EGFR and Akt signaling pathways
- EGFR mutations significantly predict both a survival benefit from gefitinib and a favorable prognosis in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma
- Wounding activates two distinct signaling pathways that induce EGFR activation and promote healing of wounds in epithelial cells.
- HP0175 transactivates epidermal growth factor receptor through TLR4 in gastric epithelial cells
- The median survival time of patients with the EGFR somatic mutation was significantly longer in patients with advanced non-squamous, non-small cell lung cancer
- In this study, we show that cell surface EGFRs promote cell growth, whereas intracellular EGF receptors promote cell death.
- Activated EGFR is reported as a novel target in pancreatic cancer therapy.
- lung epithelial cells secrete AMCase via an EGFR-dependent pathway that is activated by ADAM17 and mediates its effects via Ras.
- EGFR mutations are associated with non-small cell lung cancer.
- Epidermal growth factor receptor intron-1 polymorphism is associated with gefitinib response in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
- Mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor is associated with non-small cell lung cancer.
- STAT3 constitutive activation, alone and in concurrence with EGFR expression, plays an important role in high-grade/malignant gliomas and targeting STAT3/JAK2 sensitizes these tumors to anti-EGFR and alkylating agents
- analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in small cell lung cancer
- IMC-C225 cross-links integrins with EGFR, leading to Vav2-dependent activation of RhoA
- The divergent signaling functions of IGF1R and EGFR suggested the potential for synergism by a combination of therapy directed at the two receptors.
- Somatic mutations in the EGFR have emerged as important biomarkers in predicting the likelihood of tumor response to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib in patients with advanced NSCLC.
- rhomboid family-1 is critically involved in a G protein-coupled receptors ligand-stimulated process leading to the activation of latent epidermal growth factor receptor ligands
- These data demonstrate that integrin/EGFR cross-talk is required for expression of Egr-1 through a novel regulatory cascade involving the activation of the PI3K/Akt/Forkhead pathway.
- Data show that EGFR was expressed more frequently in metastatic and primary tumour tissues as revealed by immunohistochemistry.
- Our data determine that higher-order EGFR oligomers are the dominant species associated with the ligand activated EGFR tyrosine kinase.
- Co-targeting the EGFR and IGF-IR with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody ICR62 and the IGF-IR tyrosine kinase inhibitor NVP-AEW541 in colorectal cancer cells.
- no association of the two promoter EGFR polymorphisms (or combinations of these polymorphisms) and risk of astrocytomas, EGFR expression or survival was found in a Brazilian population
- EGFR and BRCA1 might be candidate therapeutic targets in triple-negative breast cancer
- Associatiion of EGFR gene mutations with EGFR amplification in advanced non-small cell lung neoplasms is reported.
- Anti-EGFR antibody efficiently and specifically inhibits human TSC2-/- smooth muscle cell proliferation.
- EGFR mutations are associated with non-small cell lung cancer.
- EGFR overexpression occurred independently of histological type and clinical parameters in salivary gland carcinomas
- EGFR as well as HER2 are prognostic factors of worse clinical outcomes, in high-risk early breast cancer
- Results show that epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition stabilizes desmoglein 2 at intercellular junctions by interfering with its accumulation in an internalized cytoplasmic pool.
- Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations are associated with optimal resectability in malignant peritoneal mesothelioma.
- JAK2, EGFR and PI3KCA hot spot mutations are uncommon in endocrine tumors
- Doublets in the EGFR and TP53 genes in human lung cancer are elevated about eight- and three-fold, respectively, relative to spontaneous doublets in mouse (6% and 2.3% versus 0.7%).
- acquired resistance to ATP-mimetic EGFR kinase inhibitors may often be associated with amino acid substitutions that alter drug contact residues in the EGFR ATP-binding pocket
- EGFR took part in development and progression of colorectal carcinomas and that Id-1 was associated with regulations of EGFR
- Pre-formed EGFR dimers are critical to the initial EGF binding and the extent of the pre-formed dimers is not affected by receptor density.
- EGFR may represent a molecular marker predictive for poor response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced gastric carcinoma.
- Antitumor activity of cetuximab against malignant glioma cells overexpressing EGFR deletion mutant variant III is reported.
- H. pylori blocks EGFR endocytosis and receptor degradation upon prolonged infection of gastric epithelial cells.
- Growth and molecular interactions of the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab and the DNA cross-linking agent cisplatin in gefitinib-resistant MDA-MB-468 cells: new prospects in the treatment of triple-negative/basal-like breast cancer.
- HER2 affects glial-cell migration by modulating EGFR-HER2 signal transduction, and that this effect is mediated by N-cadherin.
- Overexpression of EGFR is a significant predictor of clinical response to fluoropyrimidines in colorectal cancer.
- Progenitor sphere formation requires signaling from the EGFR tyrosine kinase. Nf1 loss of function amplifies this progenitor pool, which becomes hypersensitive to growth factors and confers tumorigenesis.
- Polymorphisms in COX-2 and EGFR may be useful independent molecular markers to predict clinical outcome in patients with mCRC treated with single-agent cetuximab
- EGFR-related markers, pERK, pSTAT3, E-cadherin, pCMET and mutations in KRAS were associated with survival of NSCLB patients.
- increase in both gene expression and gene copy number in Chinese patients with gastric carcinoma; likely due to chromosome 7 polysomy
- Taken together, these data provide direct evidence of the dependence of IFNgamma-induced EGFR transactivation upon EFDR receptor expression level in epithelial cells.
- Cross talk of signals between EGFR and IL-6R through JAK2/STAT3 mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovarian carcinomas.
- epidermal growth factor receptor-mutation has a positive non-small cell lung cancer response to Erlotinib combined with cyclosporine in a liver-transplant recipient.
- Germ-line and somatic mutations of the EGFR T790M is associated with lung cancer.
- EGFR overexpression represent important alterations that are related to the molecular pathways underpinning colorectal carcinogenesis
- EGFR gene expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells significantly surpassed that in normal pancreatic cells.
- MET amplification is present in untreated NSCLC and EGFR mutation or MET amplification activates MET protein in NSCLC
- Phosphorylation of EGFR at Tyr992 may play some specific functional role in esophageal carcinomas besides promotion of cell proliferation , probably dysregulation of the downstream signal transduction pathways.
- In EGFR-mutant adenocarcinoma metastases, the higher levels of EGFR overexpression and more homogeneously distributed high gene copy numbers suggest tumor progression.
- Epiregulin is a marker of advanced disease in non-small cell lung cancer patients and confers invasive properties on EGFR-mutant cells.
- These results highlight the prognostic value of CDK4 amplification and of simultaneous EGFR-p53 alterations in the clinical outcome of patients with primary GBM.
- The switch in EGFR ligand availability as advanced prostate cancer progresses affects cell survival and contributes to bone remodeling.
- EGFR expression may represent an adverse prognostic marker in patients with triple-negative breast cancer
- Our findings have confirmed a key role of EGFR in determining the proliferative and malignant potential of laryngeal carcinoma
- EGFR mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain is a rare event in salivary gland carcinomas.
- EGFR signals to mTOR through PKC and independently of Akt in glioma
- BRCA1-mutant mammary epithelials prdispos to the developmnt os estrogen receptor negative, EGFR positive breast cancers.
- Bacterial products (e.g., LPS) triggers a positive feedback loop involving COX-2/PGE(2) in biliary carcinoma cells and this second phase of EGFR phosphorylation is implicated in cell invasion by LPS
- results suggest that clusterin requires EGFR activation to deliver its mitogenic signal through the Ras/Raf-1/MEK/ERK signaling cascade in astrocytes
- Patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations show response to gefitinib.
- Microvesicles produced by human cancer cells harboring activated EGFR (A431, A549, DLD-1) can be taken up by cultured endothelial cells, in which they elicit EGFR-dependent responses, including activation of MAPK and Akt pathways.
- T790M-EGFR mutation is associated with relapses in lung cancer.
- Substantial discordance in EGFR and K-RAS mutational status between the primary tumours and corresponding metastases in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.