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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for INS(NM_001291897.1) Search again
Product ID:
HQP070786
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
IDDM, IDDM1, IDDM2, ILPR, IRDN, MODY10, PNDM4
Gene Description:
insulin
Target Gene Accession:
NM_001291897.1(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
After removal of the precursor signal peptide, proinsulin is post-translationally cleaved into two chains (peptide A and peptide B) that are covalently linked via two disulfide bonds.
Gene References into function
- crystal structure of Dab(A8)-insulin; although no more stable than native insulin, the non-standard analogue is twice as active: stability and affinity can therefore be uncoupled
- evaluation of the relative contributions of existing obesity and a family history of obesity (FHOB) to blood pressure (BP) level, sympathetic activity, plasma leptin and insulin levels in young men without a family history of hypertension.
- Chiral mutagenesis of insulin's hidden receptor-binding surface: structure of an allo-isoleucine(A2) analogue
- the cluster of CVD risk factors associated with Metbolic cardiovascular syndrome and intra-abdominal fat is present in obese prepubertal children and this situation seems to depend on the insulin basal level
- hyperandrogenism and the insulin gene VNTR regulatory polymorphism are not associated in Spanish women
- Relation between insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin resistance in patients with acute stroke
- results show that insulin functions as a bidirectional, condition-dependent regulator of hepatic cell Cp expression; the unique regulation of Cp may reflect its dual roles in inflammation and iron homeostasis
- has a role in signaling through the malic enzyme and collagenase-1 AP-1 motifs.
- Acid conditions increase the susceptibility of the molecule to conformational change and dissociation, and enhance the rate of fibrillation by providing a charged environment in which the attractive forces between the protein molecules is increased.
- Lipid-induced insulin resistance in human muscle is associated with changes in diacylglycerol, protein kinase C amd (Ikappab-alpha)
- insulin regulates both the association of glucokinase with secretory granules and the activity of the enzyme within the pancreatic beta-cell
- The insulin gene VNTR polymorphism in Alzheimer's disease.
- The changes in plasma leptin, insulin and proinsulin levels in obese adolescents
- Insulin at physiological concentrations enhances platelet fibrinogen binding in both Type 1 DM patients and healthy subjects, whilst C-peptide does not influence platelet activation.
- The different energetic state of the intra A-chain/domain disulfide of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 is mainly controlled by their B-chain/domain.
- Platelet reactivity in spontaneously diabetic rats is independent from blood glucose and insulin levels.
- proinsulin increased with increasing insulin resistance and obesity in girls
- hyperinsulinaemia could accelerate atherosclerosis by directly enhancing neutrophil transendothelial migration through increasing endothelial PECAM-1 expression via mitogen-activated protein kinase activation
- insulin inhibits TNF-alpha-dependent cell killing, induction of p53, p21 and apoptosis in a human cervical carcinoma cell line
- Structural analysis of insulin minisatellite alleles reveals unusually large differences in diversity between Africans and non-Africans
- Modulates PC-1 processing and recruitment in cultured human cells. Stimulates PC-1 posttranslational processing and translocation to the plasma membrane, which in turn impairs insulin receptor signaling.
- clinically relevant concentrations of insulin enhance platelet aggregability and leukocyte CD11b expression, but attenuate leukocyte respiratory burst activity
- Obesity is associated with higher fasting insulin level, and fasting insulin is associated with C-reactive protein level, in healthy 2- to 3-year-old children
- disproportionately elevated proinsulin levels in thalassemic patients indicate early beta-cell dysfunction due to siderosis
- Polymorphism of the insulin gene is associated with increased prostate cancer risk
- study demonstrates for the first time that insulin area under the curve and peak insulin measured in hyperinsulinemic states such as pregnancy correlate with testosterone levels
- study of in vitro refolding of human proinsulin
- Data show that in primary islet cells, unprocessed (mutant) proinsulin is sorted to the regulated pathway and then retained in secretory granules as efficiently as fully processed insulin.
- Positive independent correlation of the CAG repeat number with body fat content, leptin and insulin.
- A divergent INS protein in Caenorhabditis elegans structurally resembles this human protein and activates the human insulin receptor.
- data demonstrate differential regulation of leptin secretion and pulsatility in adipocytes and synchronicity between leptin and growth hormone, cortisol, and insulin
- Exercise training-induced increase in insulin sensitivity is not dependent on increase in adiponectinemia in healthy men.
- Insulin may modulate Abeta42 levels acutely in humans.
- 214 transcripts were similarly regulated by insulin and IGF-II through Insulin Receptor A, whereas 45 genes were differentially transcribed
- structural analysis of 3-nitro-4-hydroxybenzoate and the Zn(II)-substituted R(6) insulin hexamer
- Acute hyperinsulinemia impairs conduit vessel endothelial function independent of insulin sensitivity and lipid profile. Insulin may trigger endothelial dysfunction and promote atherosclerosis.
- Essential for meal-induced plasma ghrelin suppression. Basal insulin availability sufficient for postprandial ghrelin suppression in type 1 diabetes(IDDM). Lack of meal-induced ghrelin suppression in nsulin deficiency in hyperphagia of uncontrolled IDDM.
- INS VNTR can be considered a quantitative trait locus influencing glucose-stimulated insulin physiology in obese juveniles
- the dominant effect of insulin is to act on the elongation portion of the fiber formation reaction
- data are consistent with the hypotheses that insulin may negatively regulate ghrelin and that high-density lipoprotein may be a carrier particle for circulating ghrelin.
- Increased production of cortisol and androgens in lean polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) women. Insulin seems to enhance 5alpha reduction of steroids in PCOS but was not associated with the elevated cortisol production.
- There is physiological uncoupling of the effects of insulin in different tissues.
- PstI polymorphism associated with hypertriglyceridemia and metabolic syndrome. MaeIII polymorphism associated with fasting hyperinsulinemia. With both polymorphisms, associations with hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic abnormality.
- C-peptide may play an active role in atherogenesis in diabetic patients and suggest a new mechanism for accelerated arterial disease in diabetes.
- found a lack of support for a role for insulin-variable number of tandem repeats in fetal growth and nominal association with type 2 diabetes-related intermediate traits
- The role of three highly conserved insulin B-chain residues phenylalanineB24, phenylalanineB25, and tyrosineB26 is studied to shed more light on the subtleties of the structure-function relationship between insulin and its receptor.
- Impaired binding of insulin to erythrocyte membrane receptor and the activation of nitric oxide synthase by the hormone in human breast cancer
- there is a novel PDX-1 binding site in the human insulin gene enhancer
- Results of INS VNTR polymorphism in patients with onset of diabetes after 35 years of age confirm the association of Class I VNTR with autoimmune diabetes and the protective effect of Class III VNTR on the insulin secretion in GADA-positive subjects.
- Chromosomal locations on 8p and 13q might harbor genes that affect a variety of insulin- and glucose-related phenotypes that contribute to the observed variations in these important risk factors for diabetes in Mexican Americans.
- A 4-day physiological increase in plasma free fatty acids to levels seen in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus impairs insulin action/insulin signaling in control but does not worsen insulin resistance in family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Insulin propeptides predicted type 2 diabetes over a 7-year perio dndependent of insulin response.
- highly heterogeneous recognition of a multitude of INS and GAD65 peptide determinants occurred in the absence of protein recognition, and low functional avidity of the T memory cells
- The class III allele of the INS-VNTR does not confer susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes or consistent alterations in glucose-induced insulin release in the examined populations, which consisted of Danish Caucasians.
- Availability of endogenous free fatty acids through HSL and an additional enzyme(s) is involved in providing lipid moieties for beta-cell signaling for secretion in response to glucose.
- IDDM2 maps to one or more of three common variants in the insulin gene in an approximately 2-kb region of chromosome 11p15.
- The type 1 diabetes mellitus risk from the insulin gene pattern in births of future diabetics cycled significantly semi-annually, with maxima around the spring and autumn equinoxes.
- Intrafollicular insulin levels were increased in women with impaired glucose tolerance.
- C-peptide, in the presence of insulin, increases the expression of iNOS and eNOS in copora cavernosa smooth muscle cells.
- Review. The role of C-peptide in insulin biosynthesis and diabetes mellitus classification is reviewed.
- Class I alleles of the insulin gene INS-VNTR locus are strongly associated with T1DM in the Romanian population.
- Decreased plasma ghrelin significantly associated with abdominal adiposity, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Hyperinsulinemia with insulin resistance may suppress plasma ghrelin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- the degradation of C-peptide in kidney and placenta follows similar patterns, dominated by endopeptidase cleavages N-terminal of Leu
- An 8 bp insertion in the insulin gene promoter region among African American individuals was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (OR=2.56; p=0.048), thus supporting a minor role in type 2 diabetes susceptibility
- insulin acutely decreases the secretion of apoB-100 in hepatic HepG2 cells
- Thr(A8) --> His substitution (a species variant in birds and fish) augments the potency of human insulin
- At physiological levels insulin likely plays a homeostatic role for energy metabolism in the endometrium
- increased hepatocyte CYP2E1 expression and the presence of steatohepatitis result in the down-regulation of insulin signaling
- Compaarison of the specificity and sensitivity of intact proinsulin, adiponectin, and their ratioin the prediction of insulin resistance.
- Data suggest that supranormal production of nonnative proinsulin due to mutation may predispose to pancreatic beta cell toxicity.
- Variable number tandem repeat variation on insulin transcription observed in vitro appear not to translate into detectable differences in basal insulin secretion in humans.
- results identify insulin-reactive, clonally expanded T cells from the site of autoinflammatory drainage in long-term type 1 diabetics, indicating that insulin may indeed be the target antigen causing autoimmune diabetes
- unlike adipose tissue, fatty acid uptake and metabolism in placental trophoblasts is not regulated by insulin or leptin
- In low-risk nondiabetic identical twins failed to identify a familial alteration in either insulin secretion or sensitivity predisposing to type 1 diabetes.
- insulin and IGF-1 regulate the expression of PTTG in MCF-7 cells primarily through the activation of PI3K/AKT cascade
- Additional non-HLA loci contribute to the joint susceptibility to type I diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis, and two potential candidates include the CTLA-4 and insulin VNTR loci.
- Fasting intact proinsulin is a suitable measure for beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and may be used to support therapeutic decisions.
- Blood glucose reduction instead of exogenous insulin is responsible for the C-peptide decrease during insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic subjects.
- Kir6.2 and INS VNTR variants may have roles in glucose homeostasis in young obese
- functional defects in adenylyl cyclase signaling mechanisms may lead to violation of the process of insulin and relaxin signal transduction
- Identification of HLA-A2-restricted, naturally processed epitopes derived from proinsulin, an autoantigen likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
- the primary effect of insulin in humans is to inhibit protelysis
- Studies reviewed in this article have shown that variation in the expression of the insulin gene, in the thymus rather than the pancreas, is a key susceptibility factor for type 1 diabetes development.
- No convincing evidence that INS VNTR class genotype was associated with indexes of body size and adult obesity.
- PGC-1alpha gene expression is down-regulated by Akt- mediated phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of FoxO1 in insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle
- there are at least two major populations of oligomeric intermediates between the native monomer and fibrils of insulin
- insulin and HLA-DR-DQ polymorphisms, but nto CTLA-4, may have a role in development of diabetes in Brazil
- The insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 2 gene (IDDM2) is a type 1 diabetes susceptibility locus contributed to by the variable number of tandem repeats upstream of the insulin gene.
- insulin-dependent processes such as gene expression in the human placenta will change from mother to foetus throughout gestation.
- The body adapts to insulin resistance by increasing the glucagon response to arginine and by increasing the suppression of glucagon levels by glucose.
- The effect of INS polymorphisms on pre-mRNA splicing and proinsulin secretion is reported.
- interleukin-6 has a role in insulin signal transduction via insulin receptor substrate-1 in skeletal muscle cells
- Glut4 plasma membrane translocation and glucose uptake are induced by insulin and leptin in a human neuronal cell line by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- dependent mechanism
- insulin activates the import of hnRNP K protein into mitochondria; overexpression of hnRNP K protein modulates insulin-activated mitochondrial gene expression; and insulin treatment stimulates binding of hnRNP K protein to mitochondrial DNA
- The AIRE gene does not seem to contribute to disease susceptibility in Finnish type 1 diabetic patients, whereas the insulin gene represents a notable risk factor for disease in this population.
- overall association between insulin variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) class III/III genotype and larger body mass index in this population relates to fat mass, but not fat-free mass
- Genetic variation associated with type 1 diabetes in a Czech Republic population with childhood onsest.
- VILIP-1 is expressed in pancreatic beta-cells. Increased VILIP-1 enhanced insulin secretion in a cAMP-associated manner. Down-regulation of VILIP-1 was accompanied by decreased cAMP accumulation but increased insulin gene transcription
- Mutation in an IPF1 binding site of the insulin gene promoter may predispose to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Chiral mutagenesis thus defines the complementary contributions of these conserved glycines to protein stability (GlyB20) or receptor recognition (GlyB23).
- Undernutrition is associated with low leptin and insulin levels and may obscure the association of these parameters with cardiovascular risk.
- Results describe the in vitro folding/unfolding of insulin/single-chain insulin.
- paraspinal muscles reflected fat content, and this regional body composition parameter was closely related to insulin secretion response and glycemic control
- Both insulin A and B chain peptides can form amyloid fibrils, and both are likely to be involved in the interactions leading to the fibrillation of intact insulin.
- Polymorphisms in the insulin promoter, when expressed in homozygotes, can predispose obese children to develop the metabolic syndrome.
- FOXO1 and SREBP-1c have roles in insulin regulation of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase expression
- In conclusion, the results demonstrate that NOX3, a reactive oxygen species generating NADPH oxidase, plays an integral role in insulin-induced p42/44 Mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transmission and VEGF-A production.
- Low levels in cerebrospinal fluids are associated with obesity.
- Rho/Rho-kinase activation is involved in the suppression of insulin expression found in diabetes and that suppression of the Rho/Rho-kinase pathway could be a useful tool to augment insulin gene transcription
- LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), smoking and WBC count are, but levels of adiponectin, insulin and CRP are not significantly related to chronic heart disease death
- one of the endocrine self-antigens expressed by human blood myeloid cells, proinsulin, is encoded by an RNA splice variant
- Brain insulin resistance exists in peripheral insulin resistance, especially in regions subserving appetite and reward.
- C-peptide may contribute to plaque development and restenosis formation in patients with insulin resistance and early type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- The C-peptide C-terminal pentafragment may be responsible for reducing diabetes-induced hyperfiltration in rats.
- insulin and epinephrine control lipin primarily by changing localization rather than intrinsic PAP activity
- Cerebrospinal fluid levels are lower in motor neuron disease than in normal controls.
- Mice expressing human INS transgenes in Ins1/Ins2 double knockout mice resulted in glucose intolerance likely due to impaired insulin secretion.
- Our experiments, along with the analysis of scattered intensity distribution, show that fibrillar aggregates grow following a thermally activated heterogeneous coagulation mechanism, which includes both elongation and lateral thickening.
- Linkage reports of insulin-related traits demonstrate the importance of considering complex context-dependent interactions in the search for insulin-related genes.
- Geranylgeranyltransferase inhibitor-2147 (GGTI-2147), an inhibitor of protein prenylation, elicited significant inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from INS 832/13 islset cells.
- IL-6 impairs the vasodilator effects of insulin that are mediated by the IRS-1/PI3-kinase/Akt/eNOS pathway through activation of JNK and ERK1/2
- The identification of C-peptide cellular internalization, intracellular binding proteins, absence of subsequent C-peptide degradation and apparent nuclear internalization support a maintained activity similar to that of an intracrine peptide hormone.
- a model allowing regulated portal insulin (transfected from humans to transgenic mice) delivery from gastric G cells without using beta cells
- Hyperinsulinemia obscures the sex differences in free fatty acid release relative to resting energy expenditure, but brings out the effects of fatness on lipolysis.
- GLP-1 influences the dynamics of insulin action by accelerating insulin action following glucose challenge. This is a novel mechanism contributing to the glucose-lowering action of GLP-1.
- The response of adrenomedullin to insulin via insulin responsive genetic elements is reported.
- The nature of glucose-regulated insulin gene transcription in human islets is reported.
- ATF-2 may be a key regulator of the human insulin promoter possibly stimulating activity in response to extracellular signals.
- These data suggest that the A55V polymorphism of the UCP2 gene directly affected the levels of leptin but not via an effect on insulin.
- In liver cirrhosis,the effects of leptin on energy intake and expenditure seem to be altered insulin resistance.
- It suggests that activation of GSK-3 inhibits PP-2A through up-regulation of I(2)(PP-2A) with hnRNP A18-involved mechanism.
- Oxidised LDL particles exert deleterious effects in the progression of beta cell failure in diabetes and that these effects can be countered by HDL particles, affecting the production of insulin.
- Association between the INS VNTR I/III genotype suggests that in patients with type 1 diabetes lacking this genotype may promote development of autoimmunity to beta cell antigens other than insulin.
- Genetic variations within INS are associated with accelerated fetal growth.
- adiponectin and high insulin levels are associated with GDM in pregnant PCOS patients
- results suggest that Foxa2 is one of the transcriptional regulators for AQP3 gene expression regulated by insulin
- -23HphI and -2221MspI single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with increased risk for type I diabetes in Finland and Sweden.
- Kruppel-like factor 11 inhibits human proinsulin promoter activity in pancreatic beta cells
- Results indicate that positive correlations of maternal, fetal, and neonatal insulin levels with customized centiles underline implication of its role in fetal growth.
- These results reveal a novel role for autocrine signalling by insulin and the insulin receptor in growth and survival of malignant human central nervous system tumour cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
- Effects of endurance exercise training on insulin signaling in human skeletal muscle
- insulin in the presence of Angiotensin II inhibits protein phosphatase-2A (PP-2A) and stimulates autonomous CaM kinase II activities and thus vascular smooth muscle migration
- Raloxifene has no adverse effect on insulin sensitivity or glucose tolerance, and it does not affect beta-cell function. After glucose load, raloxifene decreases hepatic insulin extraction and thus conserves insulin.
- identified autoantibody status, gender, and baseline C-peptide levels as factors that will be useful for predicting the disease course of 15- to 35-year-old diabetic individuals
- c-Abl activation by insulin, via a modification of FAK response, may play an important role in directing mitogenic versus metabolic insulin receptor signaling.
- An increase in fasting insulin levels is associated with an 8.6- to 14.8-fold increased risk of presenting with colonic adenomas in acromegaly
- Demonstrate significant relationship between paternally transmitted haplotypes at INS-IGF2 locus and newborn IGF-II levels, but no association with maternally transmitted haplotypes.
- A process for the manufacture of INSULIN was developed. Recombinant human insulin was conjugated with a monodisperse, short-chain methoxypolyethylene glycol derivative. The product, IN-105, was purified using RP-HPLC and cation exchange chromatography.
- Insulin plays an important role in regulating microvascular blood volume and microvascular perfusion in normal human myocardium.
- Etanercept did not modify insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in psoriatic patients with risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Metabolic conditions induced by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) can lead to lower insulin secretory response to glucose. Patients who remain dependent on TPN are at risk of developing glucose tolerance disorders.
- Weight loss upregulates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator gene, which in turn stimulates mitofusin-2 expression, which contributes to the improvement of insulin sensitivity.
- Insulin resistance is independently associated with raised fasting plasma glucagon and proinsulin concentrations.
- Insulin gene mutations as a cause of permanent neonatal diabetes.
- plasma adiponectin has a role in regulating sex hormone and insulin-like growth factor levels, including SHBG, c-peptide, and IGFBP-1
- Misfolding leading to impaired endoplasmic reticulum exit of nonmutant proinsulin may be a key early step in a chain reaction of beta cell dysfunction leading to onset and progression of diabetes.
- Human islet-derived precursor cells, which do not express the insulin gene, nonetheless uniquely exhibit epigenetic marks that could poise them for activation of insulin expression.
- Obesity is characterized by an impaired direct microvascular vasodilatory effect of insulin and by decreased skin microvascular vasomotion in a way that is suggestive for alterations of endothelial and neurogenic activity.
- insulin may play a key role in the obesity-linked dysregulation of the adipose endocannabinoid system at the gene level
- despite binding equipotency, insulin, and S597 initiate different signaling and biological responses through the same insulin receptor isoform
- Total cord ghrelin and leptin are not directly related to milk intake or feed frequency in the first week of life. Circulating insulin concentrations may have a role in the initiation of feeding behavior.
- observations support the existence of crosstalk between insulin and Wnt signaling pathways, and suggest that the crosstalk involves a PKB-independent mechanism
- The crystal structure of 2 zinc human arg (A0) insulin has been elucidated to 2A resolution to understand the mechanism of reduction in insulin activity.
- PFK-2/FBPase-2 protein rather than its product fructose 2,6-P(2) is the over-riding determinant of glucose-induced insulin secretion through regulation of glucokinase activity or subcellular targeting.
- An NMR-derived human insulin monomer structure in H2O/CD3CN, 65/35 vol%, pH 3.6 is presented and compared with the available X-ray structure
- Class III homozygotes were born at earlier gestational age. No association was found between INS VNTR & birth weight. data suggest that III/III genotype may be associated with asymmetrical growth in mid-pregnancy, but not in late pregnancy.
- Insulin levels and insulin resistance as expressed by homeostasis model assessment were significantly higher with older age in obese children and adolescents
- Describe insulin/C-peptide levels observed in sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia. (Review)
- C-peptide may reduce diabetes-induced hyperfiltration via constriction of the afferent arteriole.
- These results suggest the mechanisms underlying chronic insulin resistance in gestational diabetes may be driven by increased inflammation in skeletal muscle.
- common genetic variants in the IGF2-INS-TH cluster modify susceptibility to idiopathic Parkinson's disease
- Show a significant decrease in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in subjects with fasting glucose from 100 to 109 mg/dL compared with subjects with normal fasting glucose.
- The structures and crystal packing interaction of two new crystal forms of insulin have been analyzed and compared to crystal packing interactions in other previously known insulin crystals.
- C-peptide may protect islets of Langerhans.
- Insulin gene mutation screening is recommended for all diabetic patients diagnosed before 1 year of age.
- Heterozygous INS gene mutations can cause isolated permanent early-infancy diabetes and should be assessed in neonatal as well as in childhood diabetes appearing like type 1.
- Findings extend the phenotype of insulin mutation carriers and suggest that insulin screening is warranted not only in neonatal diabetes, but also in maturity onset diabetes of the young and in selected cases of type 1 diabetes.
- tested the hypothesis that gender and BMI interact to produce differences in postprandial secretion of selected humoral markers implicated in hunger and satiety(blood glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, and glucagon)
- Obese Korean male adolescents showed reduced adiponectin levels and increased inflammatory cytokines. Six weeks of jump rope exercise improved triglyceride and insulin sensitivity and increased adiponectin levels.
- High fasting serum insulin is a warning factor for early carotid atherosclerosis development.
- Extensive review of hyperglycemia-induced renal alterations
- HLA DRB1, DQB1 and insulin promoter VNTR polymorphisms: interactions and the association with adult-onset diabetes mellitus in Czech patients.
- In profound hypothyroidism insulin concentrations correlate with FT4 only, but not with FT3 or TSH.
- Fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR correlate positively with the number of hyperplastic polyps and adenomas in acromegalic patients with multiply colorectal lesions
- Serum ghrelin levels in men decline with age, is lower than in women and correlate negatively with fasting insulin levels. Serum testosterone levels in men correlate with total ghrelin levels.
- Insulin exerts no direct acute effects on platelet function but inhibits platelet-endothelial interaction by insulin stimulation of endothelial NO production.
- Palmitate reduced insulin-stimulated glucose transport in muscle from obese individuals.
- Triglyceride/HDL-Cholesterol ratio may be a useful indicator for hyperinsulinemia among nondiabetic adults regardless of race/ethnicity.
- We found insulin resistance, hyperinsulinism and hyperleptinemia in infants of diabetec mothers; trend of higher leptin levels in diabetic vs non-diabetic mothers suggests leptin could be related to insulin resistance in these infants
- in obese humans the FAT/CD36 protein content in skeletal muscle is dynamically regulated by insulin in vivo on the short term.
- mutations in the insulin gene that promote proinsulin misfolding may cause PNDM
- C-peptide and its C-terminal fragments are equally effective in improving erythrocyte deformability in type 1 diabetes.
- Determine the role of the insulin signaling pathway in steroidogenic cell differentiation during postnatal testis activation.
- The impact of pathophysiologically high insulin concentrations on cytokine-induced endothelial activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), was determined.
- We identified a mutation in INS in 7 patients from 4 families with permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus.
- Directed overexpression of insulin in Leydig cells causes a progressive loss of germ cells.
- Insulin and noradrenaline cooperate independently to the development of the metabolic syndrome.
- a profound increase in TSP-1 levels and a corresponding increase in PAI-1 activity by insulin in vivo
- These results indicate that one of the direct target genes of Nodal and Activin AB signals is the insulin gene in pancreatic beta-cells and that PDX-1 is directly involved in the ALK7-Smad pathway.
- We present a case of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus due to a C96Y (c.287G>A; p.Cys96Tyr) heterozygous mutation in the insulin (INS) gene. Both the patient and his father (who had childhood-onset insulin-requiring diabetes) were found to be carriers
- Insulin inhibits TF expression in monocytes and monocyte-derived microparticles through interference with G(i)alpha(2)-mediated cAMP suppression, which attenuates Ca(2+)-mediated TF synthesis.
- The high frequency of a susceptibility allele in the Yemenites is in line with the high incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in this population. No association was observed between T1D and the INS gene in Israeli Arabs studied
- The data show that Cx36 is a native protein of human pancreatic islets, which mediates the coupling of the insulin-producing beta-cells, and contributes to control beta-cell function by modulating gene expression.
- Report effects of exercise on energy-regulating hormone insulin and appetite in men and women.
- The interaction of obesity and the III/III INS VNTR genotype might be a risk factor for the development of polycystic ovary syndrome.
- loss of surface membrane insulin receptOrs, and soluble Abeta oligomer-induced oxidative stress and synaptic spine deterioration, could be completely prevented by insulin.
- Prolonged exposure to high insulin impairs the endothelial PI3-kinase/Akt/nitric oxide signalling.