|
ORF cDNA clones
|
CRISPR / TALEN
|
Lentivirus
|
AAV
|
TALE-TF
|
ORF knockin clones
|
|
Antibody
|
Proteins
|
miRNA target clones
|
qPCR primers
|
shRNA clones
|
miRNA products
|
Promoter clones
|
Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for IL15(NM_172175.2) Search again
Product ID:
HQP054729
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
IL-15
Gene Description:
interleukin 15
Target Gene Accession:
NM_172175.2(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
|
|
| A | B |
|
Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
|
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that regulates T and natural killer cell activation and proliferation.
Gene References into function
- role in cytokine production by antigen-presenting cells
- Decreased IL-15 may contribute to elevated IgE and acute inflammation in atopic dermatitis
- role of IL-15 in the regulatory function of PMN associated with IL-1beta-mediated reactions in normal conditions and, to a lesser extent, in a tumour-bearing host.
- Endogenous IL-15 plays a role in the suppression of TH2-type cytokines in acute visceral leishmaniasis patients.
- Interleukin-15 inhibits spontaneous apoptosis in human eosinophils via autocrine production of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and nuclear factor-kappaB activation.
- IL-15 mimics T cell receptor crosslinking in the induction of cellular proliferation, gene expression, and cytotoxicity in CD8+ memory T cells.
- mRNA for IL-15 isoforms was constitutively expressed in all tested human fetal brain structures, indicating a role in their development and physiology.
- il15 induce anti-tumor immune response
- increased production of IL-15 in muscle cells in polymyositis and dermatomyositis
- Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients express functional IL-15 receptor complex: endogenous IL-15 in autocrine fashion enhances cell proliferation and expression of Bcl-x(L) and Bcl-2.
- These results suggest that IL-15 is a potent regulator of iNOS expression by HGEC and involved in innate immunity in the mucosal epithelium.
- role of CD28 and IL-12/IL-15 signaling impairment in T cell proliferative deficiency during senescence
- Administration of exogenous IL-15 for 1 wk significantly augmented the expansion of the primary responding CD8+ T cell population in a murine vaccine model.
- enhances survival, proliferation, and function of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells
- IL-15 has been shown to regulate the homeostasis of both innate and adaptive immune cells [review]
- IL-15 is required for expression of granulysin-mediated anticryptococcal activity in CD8 T cells.
- Human and mouse IL-15 bound hu or mu IL-15Ralpha with equal high affinity in the presence or absence of IL-2Rbetagamma c and exhibited similar proliferative activities on cells containing all three subunits
- Peritoneal fluid IL-15 levels are increased in women with endometriosis. IL-15 levels are inversely correlated with depth of invasion and disease stage. Possible role in early pathogenesis of endometriosis.
- IL-15 maintains the homeostasis of peripheral V alpha 14(+) NK-T cells
- Hematopoietic CD34+ cells secreted IL-15 that, through autocrine/paracrine loop distinct signal pathways, activated NF-kB in bone marrow and cord blood progenitors, and activated STAT3 and STAT5 in peripheral G-CSF-mobilized and BM progenitors only.
- IL-15 has multiple effects on CD8 T cells and possesses the potential to regulate the life span of naive as well as memory CD8+ T cells in vitro.
- may play a role in the pathogenesis of cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth due to its interactions with cyclosporin A and its role in apoptosis and inflammation
- decreased production of IL-15 occurs despite a comparable increase in IL-15 mRNA in the PBMC of HIV-infected and healthy HIV-seronegative donors when exposed to HSV-1 in cultured cells
- Synergistic interactions between IL-15, IL-21, and IL-18 play an important role in NK and T cell functions by enhancing IFN-gamma gene expression; IL-15 efficiently stimulates STAT5 DNA binding to IFN-gamma promoter and first intron activated (GAS) site.
- all human CD8+ T-cell subsets had the ability to respond to IL-15, which suggests a generic influence of this cytokine on CD8+ T-cell homeostasis in man.
- The mixed leukcyte culture model suggest that allorecognition upregulates IL-2 but not IL-15 expression.
- IL-15 up-regulates the expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) in IL-7-differentiated cells and augments their cytotoxic activity.
- IL-15 alone, similarly to IL-18, has no significant ability for regulation of both soluble IL-6 receptors, sIL-6R and sgp130, released by human neutrophils.
- role in liver allograft rejection
- CD34-CD133-CD7-CD45(dim)lin- hematopoietic stem cells from human umbilical cord blood display an exquisite sensitivity to IL-15 in vitro and differentiate into lymphoid/natural killer cells.
- Interleukin-15 has a role in increasing myosin accretion in human skeletal myogenic cultures
- IL-15 produced by metastatic colon carcinoma cells can induce hyperplasia in the mucosa adjacent to colon cancer, thus contributing to angiogenesis and progression of the disease
- Because IL-15 regulates gene expression through the interactions of transcription factors with IFN-gamma activated sequence and Ets binding site motifs, it is likely that IL-15 influences CD94 gene expression through formation of DNA-protein complexes.
- IL-15 stimulates type I interferon (IFN)-mediated dendritic cell (DC) expression of MICA/B and subsequent DC activation of natural killer cells.
- results obtained with an IL-15-specific mAb support an important role for IL-15 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis
- The anti-apoptotic effects of IL-15 may explain the rediction pf diabetes incidence in NOD mice.
- IL-15-expanded, de novo-induced human anergic regulatory CD4+ T cells suppress both naive and memory T cells in a superior way and are of interest in antigen-specific immunotherapy.
- HIV antiviral response is mediated primarily by production of interleukin-15 by mature dendritic cells.
- IL-15 can improve the in vivo antitumor activity of adoptively transferred CD8(+) T cells
- IL-15 secreted by activated alveolar macrophages and granzyme B secreted by activated CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes play important roles in the process of acute lung allograft rejection
- IL-15 does not increase IL-1alpha or IL-1beta production but induces IL-1Ra release, increases myeloid cell differentiation factor-1 stability, decreases the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-8, resulting in an inhibition of vimentin cleavage
- Normal ovary and ovarian tumors express IL-13 and IL-15 and pattern of their expression in carcinomas suggests that these cytokines may function in various ovarian cellular activities including inflammatory/immune responses
- Cell surface IL-15 is more than just a ligand; it can function as a receptor and participate in reverse signaling that results in cellular adhesion and production of inflammatory cytokines.
- IL-15 has specific binding sites for interleukin-15alpha receptor, one in the B helix and the other in the C helix
- single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-15 gene and their association with inflammatory and/or atopic phenotypes
- Recombinanat human IL-15 seems to be able to reduce/suppress protein loss and apoptosis related to muscle wasting during cancer cachexia in experimental animals.
- membrane-anchored IL15 constitutively expressed on the cell surface of PC-3 human prostate carcinoma cells and IFN-gamma-activated human monocytes mediates reverse signaling upon stimulation with soluble IL-15 receptor-alpha or anti-IL-15 antibodies
- Combined with CpG dinucleotide induced maximal activation of NK cells and further enhanced activation of CD8 T cells, possibly enhancing antitumor immunity in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
- Interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-2 reciprocally regulate expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 through selective NFAT1- and NFAT2-dependent mechanisms
- dendritic cell-produced IL-2 is tightly coregulated with the expression of IL-15.
- effects of IL15 on neonatal NK cells was examined for up to 12 weeks in culture; effect on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity using CEM cells coated with HIV gp120 antigen
- IL-15 is an important mediator of muscle mass response to resistance exercise training in humans
- membrane-bound IL-15 on dendritic cells was essential for NK cell proliferation and survival
- IL-15 from follicular dendritic cells, in membrane-bound form, plays an important role in supporting germinal center(GC)-B cell proliferation, proposing a new target for immune modulation as well as treatment of B cell tumors of GC origin.
- Interleukins 2 and 15 regulate Ets1 expression via ERK1/2 and MNK1 in human natural killer cells
- IL-15 alters expression and function pf the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 in human NK cells.
- AKT and IL-15 may be important in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma tumor survival
- endogenous IL-15 in secretory phase endometrium plays a central role in postovulatory recruitment of PB CD16(-) NK cells into the human endometrium.
- Data suggest that the IL-15 and IL-15R system may play important roles in the activation and differentiation of lamina propria B cells in patients with infammatory bowel disease, especially in those with ulceratie colitis.
- IL-15 activates stable telomerase expression and compensates telomere loss in memory phenotype CD8(+) T cells, and telomerase may play an important role in memory CD8(+) T cell homeostasis.
- Production of IL-15 and/or TGF-alpha was also associated with amphoterin mRNA expression in colon cancer tissues with tumor-associated macrophages depletion
- IL-15 but not IL-2 may have a role in xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease
- Anergy induction by IL-7 and restoration of responsiveness by IL-15 suggest novel mechanisms for regulation of helper T-cell responses, induction of peripheral tolerance, and breakdown of T-cell self-tolerance.
- short-term exposure of CD56+ cells to IL15/IL12 or IL15/IL18 at 8-day intervals may hold a promise for improved clinical results in cellular adoptive cancer immunotherapy
- A quantitative relationship is established between receptor alpha subunit binding affinity and mitogenic activity for IL-15 and IL-2.
- Associations between IL-15 serum level and long-term diabetic control lead to the speculation that IL-15 may serve as a target for future treatment in patients with prediabetes and/or for prevention of late diabetic complications.
- Data suggest that a systemic inflammatory response involving IL-15 might be involved in the occurrence of cardiovascular disease in patients with essential hypertension.
- important role in activating an NK cell-mediated pathway that leads to the elimination of intracellular protozoans from intestines
- human T cells constitutively express IL-15 that acts through autocrine/juxtacrine loops to promote ex vivo homeostatic T cell proliferation.
- Induces local chromatin modifications specific for the T-cell antigen receptor variable gamma-region gene segment and enhanced accessibility conducive to subsequent targeted gene rearrangement.
- A recombinant, soluble domain of IL-15 rece[tpr al[ha, which bears most of the binding affinity for IL-15, behaves as a potent IL-15 agonist.
- Molecular and cellular analysis showed that tolerant T cells expressed the IL-15 receptor alpha chain, and could be induced to proliferate in vitro in response to exogenous IL-15.
- After infliximab therapy, the expression of IL-15 was increased in four patients and reduced in five with rheumatoid arthritis.
- Endogenous IL-15 plays a key role in rendering resident naive CD4 T cells susceptible to HIV infection.
- Irradiated MyD88-deficient IL-15 transgenic mice transferred with wild-type bone marrow cells have increased numbers of CD8alphaalpha TCRalphabeta and TCRgammadelta subsets in the intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes.
- Follicular fluid collected from spontaneous cycles contains detectable levels subunit IL-15.
- Novel IL-15 isoforms generated by alternative splicing are expressed in the intestinal epithelium.
- Refined molecular modeling of the docking of IL-15 to the sushi domain of IL-15R.
- IL-2 has a distinct inductive effect on APOBEC3G (A3G) deoxycytidine deaminase gene expression and A3G complex assembly that occur in natural cellular targets of human immunodeficiency virus infection.
- an impaired, but not abolished, survival response to IL-2 and IL-15 accounts for the persistent lack of NK cells and the transient CD8 alphabeta T lymphopenia associated with familial NK cell deficiency
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced up-regulation of IL-15 expression in THP-1 cells involves the phosphorylation of PKC-alpha/beta.
- IL-15 impaired Smad3-dependent TGF-beta signaling in human T lymphocytes downstream from Smad3 nuclear translocation.
- epithelial-derived IL-15 has a role in transforming monocytes into dendritic cells
- an elevation in serum IL15 is observed in women who have already developed preeclampsia, implying that the increase results from the pathology of preeclampsia
- IL-15 genetic variants play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, probably by increasing interleukin production and inflammation in the lesions of psoriasis.
- IL-15 polymorphisms do not appear to play a major role in genetic predisposition to rheumatoid arthritis in this population of Spanish Caucasian origin.
- Survival cytokines IL-15 and IL-7 are differentially involved in the growth and maintenance of heart-infiltrating peripheral CD8-positive T cells from patients with chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy.
- IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha complex is 10-fold more active than IL-15 alone in stimulating proliferation and survival of memory phenotype CD8 T cells.
- IL-15 but not IL-21 caused an increased phosphorylation of Shc and ERK1/2.
- High interleukin-15 expression is associated with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with involvement of the Central Nervous System
- IL-15 and IL-18 are not part of the mechanism of the response of human placenta to LPS
- IL-15 has dual roles in maintaining IL-7Ralpha(low)CCR7(-) memory CD8(+) T cells via TCR-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
- The PD group presented with significantly increased RANTES levels as compared to the control group (P = 0.0009). No difference was observed as regards IL-15 levels.
- IL-15 is a potent stimulant of antifungal activities in human neutrophils, at least in part by a mechanism dependent on oxidative metabolism.
- in NK cells cultured with IL-15, we observed an up-regulation of the activating receptors NKG2D, NKp30, and NKp46, associated with an increase in anti-tumor lytic activity.
- results show that IL-15 can improve the function of NK cells via up-regulating NKG2D expression, and also augmenting the expression of cytotoxic effector molecules and the phosphorylation of STAT1 and ERK1/2, which may also contribute the NK lysis
- IL-15 played a crucial role in sustaining long-lasting functions of CD56(dim) NK cells.
- Interaction of natural killer cells with fibroblast-like synoviocytes results in increased IL-15 expression by fibroblast-like synoviocytes and production of proinflammatory chemokines, cytokines, and MMPs, which may contribute to joint inflammation.
- IL-2 and IL-15 differentially regulate PI3K and IL-17RA
- IL-15 may act as an anti-apoptotic molecule in pneumococci infection, thereby suggesting IL-15 as a benefical cytokine in pulmonary host defense against infection.
- These observations suggest that lower measles-specific T-cell immune responses elicited by measles vaccine in infants may be due to diminished levels of IL-12 and IL-15.
- Interleukin 15 96516A>T and IL15 96330C>A gene polymorphisms are reported in Caucasian patients with chronic plaque psoriasis.
- Data show that T cell loss after islet transplantation in patients with autoimmune type 1 diabetes was associated with both increased serum concentrations of IL-7 and IL-15 and in vivo proliferation of memory CD45RO(+) T cells.
- IL-15 plays a role in RA
- examination of role in regulating a novel regulatory natural killer cell subset from peripheral blood CD34 progenitors
- IL-15 acts as a potent inducer of CD4(+)CD25(hi)FOXP3(+) cells in the periphery, and suggests a potential role for IL-15 in blunting immune activation.
- Interleukin-15 (IL-15) translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum occurs independently of the presence of IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15R alpha).
- expression of IL-15, which induced degranulation and IFN-gamma production in HTLV-I infected patients, was enhanced on surface of CD14(+) cells in /tropical spastic paraparesis patients.
- Potential involvement with muscle and bone phenotypes and predictors of metabolic syndrome.
- IL-15 is of central importance in activating natural killer (NK) cells during the rejection response in a stringent skin transplant model that uses recombination activating gene (Rag)-deficient mice.
- Data show that mRNA expression of IL-15 was significantly increased throughout the window of implantation.
- analysis of heterogeneity in polymorphisms in the interleukin-15 gene in psoriasis patients
- HSV-1 induces TLR2-dependent activation of IL-15 gene expression, which requires the recruitment of both MyD88 and TIRAP/Mal and the activation of IRAK1 and TRAF6 leading to NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus.
- The soluble IL-15Ralpha sushi domain-IL-15 fusion protein is therefore able to bind and activate both the IL-15Rbeta/gamma and the IL-15Ralpha/beta/gamma receptors.
- IL-15 may be a regulator of trunk fat mass; negative associations are found between muscle IL-15 mRNA and obesity parameters
- there is an auto-inhibitory mechanism controlling cellular IL-15 levels.
- IL-15 links TLR2/1-induced macrophage differentiation to the vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial pathway.
- CX3CL1, IL-15, and CCL4 can serve as independent predictors of biochemical recurrence.