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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for PCNA(NM_182649.1) Search again
Product ID:
HQP054038
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
ATLD2
Gene Description:
proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Target Gene Accession:
NM_182649.1(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is found in the nucleus and is a cofactor of DNA polymerase delta. The encoded protein acts as a homotrimer and helps increase the processivity of leading strand synthesis during DNA replication. In response to DNA damage, this protein is ubiquitinated and is involved in the RAD6-dependent DNA repair pathway. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene have been described on chromosome 4 and on the X chromosome.
Gene References into function
- PCNA physically interacts with and directly binds AP endonuclease 1 (APE1) in whole cell extracts, thus demonstrating involvement of multiprotein reactions during long-patch base excision repair.
- It is hypothesized from these observations that pol epsilon and PCNA have separate but associated functions early in S phase and that pol epsilon participates with PCNA in DNA replication late in S phase.
- Functional interaction of MutY homolog with proliferating cell nuclear antigen in fission yeast (and in human)
- The over-expression of PCNA in the lens epithelium of fetus and children suggests that PCNA might be related to the development of cataract.
- The promoter of the human proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene is not sufficient for cell cycle-dependent regulation in organotypic cultures of keratinocytes
- association with histone deacetylase activity, integrating DNA replication and chromatin modification
- Human cell DNA replication is mediated by a discrete multiprotein complex. The eluted complex contains DNA polymerase delta, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and replication protein A.
- the interaction of PCNA with DNA polymerase delta is mediated through the small subunit of the enzyme
- Expression of c-erbB-2 in node negative breast cancer does not correlate with estrogen receptor status, predictors of hormone responsiveness, or PCNA expression.
- presence in CNS tumors correlates with histological type and grade
- RAD6-dependent DNA repair is linked to modification of PCNA by ubiquitin and SUMO.
- expressive quantity of PCNA was more in hypertrophic scars and less in chronic skin ulcers
- PCNA protein expression may help evaluate the malignancy of hypopharyngeal carcinoma and make prognostic judgement of the patients.
- relationship between the mast cell density and the context of clinicopathological parameters and expression of p185, estrogen receptor, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in gastric carcinoma
- clinical significance of E-cadherin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma
- abnormal expressions of COX-2, p53, PCNA, and nm23 associate with malignant potential, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage, and they might therefore play a role in development of gastric cancer
- The content variation of Zn, Se, Mo, Cu, Ni could be possessed of certain effect on p53 mutation and PCNA overexpression of esophageal epithelium in the high risk area.
- beta-catenin, p53 and PCNA may play important roles in the carcinogenesis of colorectal adenoma.
- Expression of p57kip2, Rb protein and PCNA and their relationships with clinicopathology in human pancreatic cancer.
- HBV infection may increase expression of PCNA and GST-pi.
- PCNA binds to two distinct functional sites on WRN
- the E2F site in the human PCNA 5' promoter is a serum-responsive element
- Upergulation of PCNA by overexpression of tuberous sclerosis gene products.
- PARP-1 and p21 could cooperate in regulating the functions of PCNA during DNA replication/repair.
- results demonstrate for the first time a novel role for human proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)in transcriptional repression and in modulating chromatin modification with reciprocal modulation of p300 acetyltransferase and PCNA by each other
- combination of protein p53 induction and ionizing radiation activate the proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene
- Expression of PCNA was significantly higher than in normal pancreatic tissue. Correlated with the histological grade. Expression rate consistent with exacerbation of cancer. Also correlated significantly with prognosis and p53 expression.
- in hepatocellular carcinoma, PCNA participates both in DNA synthesis and repair and that highly proliferating cancers may display a sustained DNA-repair.
- Detection of PCNA and CD44mRNA expression in colorectal cancer may be useful for evaluating liver metastasis of cancer cells.
- These results suggest that PCNA trimers bound to DNA during the S phase are organized as distinct pools able to bind selectively different partners. Among them, p125-pol delta and DNA ligase I interact with PCNA in a mutually exclusive manner
- The overall expression of PCNA in all stages of fetal testis development was higher than pRb1 expression.
- proliferating cell nuclear antigen is required in different ways in 5' and 3' nick-directed excision in human mismatch repair
- PCNA expression in bone marrow plasma cells constitutes a good prognostic indicator of disease activity in patients with multiple myeloma.
- Expression of this apoptosis-related protein may be a useful marker in cervix cancer development.
- XRCC1 co-localizes with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) at DNA replication foci, observed exclusively in the S phase of undamaged HeLa cells
- Monoubiquitinated but not unmodified PCNA interacts with polymerase eta, and we found two motifs in poleta involved in this interaction. Our findings provide a mechanism by which monoubiquitination of PCNA might mediate the polymerase switch
- In aids encephalopathy, although virtually all cells positive for HIV-1 p24 were PCNA+, there were many PCNA+ cells where HIV-1 p24 expression was not detected.
- A marker of human esophageal neoplastic progression
- Data show that an interaction between human DNA polymerase iota (poliota) and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) stimulates the processivity of poliota in a template-dependent manner in vitro.
- search for the factors interacting with NTH1 shows GST-NTH1 fusion protein precipitates proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53 as well as XPG from human cell-free extracts
- Downregulated by cetrorelix in cultured leiomyoma cells.
- Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF) is targeted to replication foci through direct interaction with the DNA clamp PCNA
- PCNA expression induces apoptosis by up-regulating cleaved caspase-3 and Poly ADP ribose polymerasse expression and down-regulating Bcl-2 protein expression in leiomyoma cells.
- Human PCNA, either mutated to contain lysine (K) at position 85 or bearing similar primary mutations, would promote more secondary mutagenesis in cells and/or tissues where PCNA is normally expressed at low levels relative to pol delta.
- The structural basis of the FEN1-PCNA interaction was revealed by the crystal structure of the complex between human flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 and PCNA
- Expression of Ki-67, PCNA proteins were closely connected with the high grade of stomach tumour malignancy.
- Evaluation of expression of PCNA and Ki-67 may provide an additional information about the progression of uveal melanoma.
- Rb, p21Cip1, and PCNA have roles in cAMP-mediated inhibition of DNA replication and S phase progression
- Data show that a 20-mer sequence from p21WAF1 can be associated simultaneously with PCNA and cyclin-dependent kinase/cyclin complexes.
- There is a marked loss or absence of p57(kip2) expression and high expression of PCNA in hepatocellular carcinoma
- higher expression in atrophic oral lichen planus and patients with areca quid chewing
- Limited activation of the PCNA promoter by p53 and its modified forms would restrict the amount of PCNA made available for DNA repair.
- Data supports a model that chromatin remodeling is coupled with DNA replication (and repair) through a PCNA double trimer complex.
- Glut-1, HK-II, and PCNA expression are related to uptake of 18F-FDG uptake in lung cancer
- show that there is a direct interaction between p66 and PCNA in living cells during DNA replication. The dominant negative effect upon growth resulting from expression of p66 sub-domains confirms that the p66-PCNA interaction is essential in vivo.
- YB-1 expression is correlated with PCNA expression in NSCLC. The DNA repair pathway and tumor proliferation mediated by YB-1 linking to PCNA may be responsible for controlling the growth of NSCLC.
- The decreased expression of p57(kip2) and/or overexpression of cyclinE protein and PCNA may contribute to the occurrence and progression of pancreatic cancer.
- A slight, statistically insignificant tendency towards negative correlation between PPARgamma and PCNA was found in somatotropinomas, prolactinomas, corticotropinomas and gonadotropinomas
- The induction of apoptosis coupled with the progression of DNA replication proceeds through the action of PCNA.
- PCNA and the Rad9/Rad1/Hus1 complex can independently bind and activate Fen1; acetylation of Fen1 by p300-HAT abolished the stimulatory effect of the complex but not that of PCNA, suggesting a possible mechanism of regulation of this repair pathway
- Here we use purified preparations of UNG2 and PCNA to demonstrate that UNG2 physically associates with PCNA.
- The identification of soluble PCNA as an essential replication initiation factor is reported.
- Changes in the position of PCNA result from de novo assembly of freely mobile replication factors in the nucleoplasmic pool and indicate different binding affinities for PCNA in DNA replication and repair.
- PCNA is involved in mediating Cdt1 degradation by the Cul4-Ddb1 ligase in response to DNA damage.
- PCNA serves to promote the targeted degradation of associated proteins Cul4/Ddb1 in S-phase or after DNA damage.
- we identified ZONAB-responsive elements in PCNA promoter, PCNA expression is regulated by ZONAB
- These results indicate that early recruitment of p21 protein to DNA-damage sites is a NER-related process dependent on interaction with PCNA, thus suggesting a direct involvement of p21 in DNA repair.
- Expression of HIF-1alpha mRNA was closely correlated with the expression of survivin, PCNA, and CD34 proteins in pancreatic cancer.
- adenomas which express more than one hormone (plurihormonal adenomas) seem to have a higher PCNA indices than monohormonal ones
- PCNA, L2DTL and the DDB1-CUL4A complex play critical and differential roles in regulating the protein stability of p53 and MDM2/HDM2 in unstressed and stressed cells.
- L2DTL and PCNA interact with CUL4/DDB1 complexes and are involved in CDT1 degradation after DNA damage.
- Telomere length in alveolar type II cells and endothelial cells was significantly shorter in the patients with emphysema than in the asymptomatic nonsmokers. The level of p16INK4a expression was negatively correlated with the level of PCNA expression.
- We show the presence of residual ubiquitination of PCNA at K164 in the absence of functional RAD18, suggesting the presence of an alternate PCNA ubiquitinating enzyme in DT40.
- methyl esterification of cancer-specific PCNA represents a novel type of post-translational modification in mammalian cells that could ultimately hold the key towards unlocking its diverse functions
- PCNA, a central matchmaker for replication-linked functions, is also crucially involved in the establishment of cohesion in S phase.
- PCNA positive cells were evidenced in basal and supra basal layers of the stratified squamous epithelium and in reduced epithelium of dental follicles
- PCNA was expressed especially in the cases with increased proliferative activity in endometrial carcinoma without a significant statistic correlation between p53 and PCNA, expression.
- SHPRH function is an important deterrent to mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in humans
- results identify a novel nuclear mechanism linking tyrosine kinase receptor function with the regulation of the PCNA sliding clamp
- The PCNA and FHIT proteins were carried out in 451 breast lesions showing nonproliferative benign breast disease, proliferative BBD without atypia, proliferative BBD with atypia, carcinoma in situ (n=15) or invasive carcinoma.
- Characterization of the human proliferating cell nuclear antigen double trimer.
- Interfering with PCNA function by overexpression of p21 mutant, impaired in its interaction with Cdks but not with PCNA, leads to ATR-dependent Chk1 activation.
- an accurate mechanism exists to reduce the deleterious consequences of oxidative DNA damage, with an important role for PCNA and RP-A in determining a functional hierarchy among different DNA pols in lesion bypass
- PCNA marker was higher in helicobacter pylori infections (HP+), and HP+ with dysplasia, and gastric adenocarcinoma.
- PCNA expession in laser-radiated HepG2 cells was studied.
- Results investigate the binding properties of hundreds of short proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-interacting peptides to archaeal and eukaryal PCNAs.
- PCNA and DNA repair protein, XRCC1, have distinct kinetic properties with functional consequences for their capacity to respond to successive DNA damage events
- POLD3, plays a crucial role in the efficient recycling of PCNA during dissociation-association cycles of pol delta during elongation phase of DNA replication.
- Combination of PTEN/p53/PCNA represent an independent prognostic factor for tumor recurrence and disease-specific survival in hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery.
- human DNA glycosylase NEIL1 interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and may have a role in replication-associated repair of oxidized bases
- Recommended use of PCNA if correlations to progression of pituitary adenoma tumor growth are wanted.
- exogenous Cdt1 induces re-replication by de-repressing endogenous Cdt1 through the titration of PCNA and cyclin; Cdt1 lacking the evolutionarily conserved region that interacts with MCM2-7 is capable of inducing re-replication
- Sharp inhibition of apoptosis and changes in the levels of cell proliferation in tumor cells were paralleled by decreased expression of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in patients with squamous cell carcinoma & skin melanoma.
- These results point to a high level of redundancy in the DNA damage tolerance pathway and suggest the existence of another hMMS2 variant (hMMSv) or complex that can compensate for its loss.
- The combination of Ki-67 and PCNA, specific proliferative markers of PCa, may improve the accuracy of early diagnosis of prostatic cancer.
- HLTF physically interacts with the Rad6-Rad18 and Mms2-Ubc13 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complexes and promotes the Lys-63-linked polyubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen at its Lys-164 residue.
- the SET8 and PCNA interaction couples H4-K20 methylation with DNA replication
- PCNA ubiquitylation at K164 of PCNA is not required in vitro for pol eta to gain access to replication complexes at forks stalled by T (wedge)T and to catalyze translesion synthesis across this dimer
- interaction of the replication clamp with other repair protein(s) accounts for the essential role of PCNA in MutSalpha-dependent mismatch repair
- PAX interacting protein 1 depletion from mammalian cells by RNA interference reduced PCNA ubiquitination in response to DNA damage
- a conserved proliferating cell nuclear antigen-interacting protein sequence in Chk1 is required for checkpoint function
- Results show that show that Chk1 regulates the DNA damage-induced ubiquitination of PCNA, which facilitates the continuous replication of damaged DNA.
- progesterone receptor expression in malignant melanoma is inversely correlated with PCNA
- substitution of Lys-110 within the NLS to an alanine residue did not affect PCNA nuclear localization.
- A possible correlation between overexpression of p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and c-erbB-2, and the clinicopathologic features of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, was investigated.
- human hepatocellular carcinoma expresses specific PCNA isoforms compared to those found in cirrhosis, implicating a role for PCNA functional alterations in hepatocarcinogenesis
- High expression of ERCC1, FLT1, NME4 and PCNA in myelodysplastic syndrome was associated with poor prognosis and disease progression along the sequence of 5q-syndrome/RCMD/RAEB/de novo AML
- NEIL1 could also participate in strand displacement repair synthesis (long patch repair (LP-BER)) mediated by FEN-1 and stimulated by PCNA.
- HLTF and SHPRH are functional homologues of yeast Rad5 that cooperatively mediate PCNA polyubiquitination and maintain genomic stability.
- Human PCNA protein carrying the Gly178Ser substitution has been crystallized. Two crystal forms have been obtained under similar conditions.
- PCNA promotes the ubiquitylation and degradation of the CDK inhibitor p21 in cells irradiated with low dose of ultraviolet radiation
- Data suggest that DNA polymerases eta and iota transiently probe DNA/chromatin; when DNA is exposed at replication forks, the polymerase residence times increase, and this is further facilitated by the ubiquitination of PCNA.
- present a model of translesion synthesis behind the replication fork to explain the persistence of ubiquitinated PCNA
- Higher levels of ERalpha-phospho-Ser118, phospho-p44/42 MAPK, and PCNA were found in leiomyoma taken from the proliferative phase compared to patient-matched myometria.
- RNF8 readily mono-ubiquitinates PCNA in the presence of UbcH5c, and polyubiquitinates PCNA in the added presence of Ubc13/Uev1a.
- Two estrogen response element sequences near the PCNA gene are not responsible for its estrogen-enhanced expression.
- The binding to PCNA via its PIP domain is a prerequisite for Poleta's ability to function in translesion synthesis in human cells.
- replication protein A and proliferating cell nuclear antigen act as molecular switches to activate the DNA pol lambda- dependent highly efficient and faithful repair of A:8-oxo-G mismatches in human cells and to repress DNA pol beta activity.
- KCTD10 can interact with PCNA