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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for CD81(NM_004356.3) Search again
Product ID:
HQP023168
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
CVID6, S5.7, TAPA1, TSPAN28
Gene Description:
CD81 molecule
Target Gene Accession:
NM_004356.3(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family.
Gene References into function
- CD81 regulates neuron-induced astrocyte proliferation via a contact-dependent mechanism.
- C-kit is physically associated with transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins CD9, CD63, and CD81, that may negatively modulate c-kit and thus regulate c-kit receptor sensitivity to SLF in hematopoietic progenitors.
- Variation of hepatitis C virus load, hypervariable region 1 quasispecies and CD81 hepatocyte expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent non-cancerous liver.
- E2-binding site on CD81 comprises residues Ile(182), Phe(186), Asn(184), and Leu(162)
- Release and intercellular trafficking of CD81-positive microparticles regulate the expression of CD81 surface receptors in lymphocytes and play a role in the immune response during infections.
- CD81 colocalizes at the central zone of the supramolecular activation complex in both T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells, suggesting a role for CD81 during antigen presentation.
- Data show that CD81, a putative receptor for hepatitis C virus, is required on hepatocytes for human Plasmodium falciparum and rodent Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite infectivity.
- two peptides from human CD81 (hCD81) large extra-cellular loop (LEL) with known importance in the hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E2 (HCV-E2) binding interaction was characterized using circular dichroism spectroscopy
- While CD81 specifically binds to HCV-E2 protein, the entry of HCV into human hepatocytes might be regulated by CD81-unrelated molecule(s).
- Signalling through CD81 on T cells costimulates both Th1 and Th2 cells, but increases the number of Th2 cells during long-term activation.
- The costimulatory effects of HCV E2 on T cells depend on CD81 cross-linking that activates Lck through raft aggregation and thus leads to enhanced TCR signaling.
- Expression of the CD81 tetraspanin in non-permissive CD81-negative hepato-carcinoma cells was sufficient to restore susceptibility to HCVpp infection, confirming its critical role as a cell attachment factor.
- Coligation of the B cell antigen receptor with the complement (C3)-binding CD21/CD19/CD81 costimulatory complex can enhance the escape of human B cells from Fas-induced death.
- CD81 is linked to ERK/MAPkinase signaling by Shc in liver tumor cells.
- CD81 stimulates synthesis of phosphoinositides with the recruitment of Shc to the plasma membrane via PTB domain, and this sequence of events induces activation of ERK/MAPKinase.
- data suggest a functional role for CD81 as a coreceptor for Hepatitis C virus glycoprotein-dependent viral cell entry
- Phage display selection on murine fibroblasts yielded a small peptide specific for HCV receptor human CD81.
- CD81 signaling events could be mediated by 14-3-3 adapter proteins, and these signals may be dependent on cellular redox
- CD81 functions as a post-attachment entry coreceptor and that other cellular factors act in concert with CD81 to mediate hepatitic C virus binding and entry into hepatocytes
- CD81, together with additional unknown liver specific receptor(s), mediate the hepacivirus-cell entry process.
- CD81 expression and HCV core antigen levels in PBMCs are increased in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia
- binding with HCV E2 induces RANTES secretion and internalization of CCR5.
- These results suggest that the LEL has a more robust structure in the intact tetraspanin with regions outside the LEL contributing to CD81 dimerization.
- These findings suggest that engagement of CD81 decreases the signaling threshold required to initiate TCR/CD3-mediated induction of integrated HIV-1 proviral DNA in primary CD4+ T cells.
- interactions with hepatitis C virus e2 protein may modulate host's innate or adaptive immune response.
- CD81-mediated activation of B cells in vitro recapitulates the effects of hepatitis C virus binding to B cell CD81 in vivo
- in CD81, numerous membrane-exposed aromatic residues are asymmetrically clustered and protrude on one side of the transmembrane domain
- CD81-mediated hepatitis C virus (HCV)pseudoparticle entry entails HCV E2 protein binding to residues in the large extracellular loop as well as molecular events mediated by the transmembrane and intracellular domains of CD81.
- Lymphocyte subsets show different patterns of CD81 response before and during antiviral treatment, which are associated with administration of IFN-alpha and antiviral response
- Specific amino acids conserved in E2 across all genotypes that were critical for CD81 binding were W420, Y527, W529, G530, and D535. These data significantly increase our understanding of the CD81 receptor-E2 binding process.
- role of CD81 and CD9 on the cell-to-cell fusion process mediated by HIV-1, syncytia formation induced by HIV-1 envelope proteins and viral entry in human T lymphoblasts
- These data indicate that a high density of cell surface-exposed CD81 is a key determinant for productive HCV entry into host cells.
- These findings support an immunogenic model of hepatitis C virus E2 having three immunogenic domains with distinct structures and functions and provide added support for the idea that CD81 is required for Hepacivirus entry.
- Association of HTLV-1 Gag protein with tetraspanin-enriched microdomains is mediated by the inner loops of CD81 and CD82.
- CD81 down-regulation on B cells is associated with the response to interferon-alpha-based treatment for chronic hepatitis.
- CD81 expression is an important determinant of hepatitis C virus permissiveness of Huh7 cell clones harboring different characteristics
- transferrin receptor and CD9, CD81, and CD9P-1 are differentially sorted into exosomes after TPA treatment of K562 cells
- these data suggested that both HSPG and CD81 are important for HCV entry.
- Results suggest that hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein E2 glycans modulate entry, CD81 binding, and neutralization by masking functionally important regions of E2 .
- Data show that HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) and core protein (Gag) colocalize strongly with CD63 and CD81 and less strongly with CD9, and suggest that HIV-1 promotes virus assembly and cell-cell transfer by targeting these plasma membrane proteins.
- In the plasma membrane, PrP(c) colocalizes with the tetraspanin CD81, sharing the same microdomain.
- CD81-independent routes of cell-cell transmission of hepatitis C virus exist.
- CD81 is involved in Hepacivirus infection of human hepatocytes
- fluorescent protein-tagged forms of CD81 and CLDN1 colocalized.
- Conformationally correct E2 mutants (Y527 and W529) within the second putative CD81 binding region (amino acids 522-551) disrupted binding of E2 to CD81-GST, suggesting that region 2 is critical to CD81 binding.
- CD81 partner EWI-2wint inhibits hepatitis C virus entry
- CD81 functions as a molecular organizer of membrane microdomains, whereby proteins such as PI4KII control actin remodeling and cell motility, establishing a role for these genes as negative modifiers of oncogenicity and hepatocellular carcinoma
- demonstrated that a combination of high-level expression of CD81 with single-step immunoaffinity purification is a useful method for obtaining large quantities of CD81 membrane receptor suitable for detailed structural analyses of this tetraspanin protei
- hepatitis C virus envelope protein E2 is the only ligand known for CD81
- CD81 is a central regulator of cellular events required for hepatitis C virus infection of human hepatocytes.
- HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 can bind to CD81 receptors which are expressed on thyroid cells and induce a cascade of signaling pathway leading to IL-8 release.
- mutation of E2 at position 451 alters the relationship between particle density and infectivity, disrupts coreceptor dependence, and increases virion sensitivity to receptor mimics and neutralizing antibodies
- tetraspanins regulate the activity of ADAM10 toward several substrates
- CD81 is indispensable for an authentic in vivo hepatitis C virus infection.
- Hepatitis C infections can be blocked by specific antibodies against putative coreceptors CD81 in a dose-dependent manner.