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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for ADIPOQ(NM_004797.3) Search again
Product ID:
HQP022625
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
ACDC, ACRP30, ADIPQTL1, ADPN, APM-1, APM1, GBP28
Gene Description:
adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing
Target Gene Accession:
NM_004797.3(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
This gene is expressed in adipose tissue exclusively. It encodes a protein with similarity to collagens X and VIII and complement factor C1q. The encoded protein circulates in the plasma and is involved with metabolic and hormonal processes. [provided by RefSeq].
Gene References into function
- regulation of apM1 gene expression in adipose tissue
- Genetic variation in the gene encoding adiponectin is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population.
- Haplotype is associated with obesity and other features of the insulin resistance syndrome
- mutation is associated with low plasma adiponectin concentration and type 2 diabetes.
- inverse correlation found between adiponectin and leptin with serum leptin concentrations increased in women with high body mass index
- identification of regulatory elements in this gene's promoter: role of SP1/SP3 and TNF-alpha as regulatory pathways
- dysregulation of adiponectin gene expression in first degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients
- in overweight/obese Asians, the plasma adiponectin levels significantly correlated with various indices of metabolic syndrome except hypertension
- an association between adiponectin and the metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity
- Adiponectin and leptin levels in HIV-infected subjects with insulin resistance and body fat redistribution
- Structure-function studies of the adipocyte-secreted hormone Acrp30/adiponectin show a profound sexual dimorphism of Acrp30 levels and complex distribution in serum
- significant negative correlation was found between plasma adiponectin concentration and mean, systolic, and diastolic BP, suggesting that adiponectin contributes to the clinical course of essential hypertension.
- Plasma levels predict insulin sensitivity of both glucose and lipid metabolism.
- Increased plasma adiponectin and decreased plasma TNF-alpha may underlie the improvement of insulin resistance with glimepiride.
- data suggest that both adiponectin and leptin are associated with central body fat distribution, and serum adiponectin concentrations are determined predominantly by the visceral fat compartment
- presented findings indicate that adiponectin promotes lipid oxidation in humans resulting in lower intracellular lipid content in human muscle
- adipose tissue depot-specific expression of adiponectin may influence the pattern of serum adiponectin concentrations and subsequent disease risk
- a significant decrease of adiponectin plasma levels during the steady state of hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was found. Hyperinsulinemia caused a significant decrease of adiponectin plasma levels under euglycemic conditions
- study provides further evidence that IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin are associated with impaired fibrinolysis in overweight hypertensive humans
- data suggest a transcriptional mechanism leading to decreased adiponectin plasma levels in obese women and demonstrate that low levels of adiponectin are associated with higher levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6
- data suggest a strong relationship between adiponectin and body composition in HIV-infected patients
- preoperative adiponectin concentrations may be predictive of the extent of weight loss and changes in adiponectin are predictive of decreased apolipoprotein B and improved insulin action after gastric bypass surgery
- data suggest that the reduction of fat mass may play the major role in the control of adiponectin release, with respect to changes in insulin sensitivity
- data suggest that the decreased production of adiponectin in lipoatrophic adipose tissue may contribute to hepatic insulin resistance in HIV-positive HAART-treated patients
- this adipocyte protein may serve to mitigate endothelial damage triggered by dyslipidemia and other risk factors in patients with chronic renal diseases.
- Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in HIV-infected men with lipodystrophy as compared to both HIV-infected and healthy controls; adiponectin deficiency may play a role in the insulin resistance associated with HIV lipodystrophy
- Circulating levels are reduced in nonobese but insulin-resistant first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients.
- plasma adiponectin levels are reduced in adolescent obesity and related to insulin resistance, independent of total body fat and central adiposity
- Function in homeostatic control of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism. Dysregulation may be involved in disorders covering metabolic X syndrome, such as insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Review.
- The inverse relationship between plasma adiponectin and cytokines in vivo and the cytokine-induced reduction in adiponectin mRNA in vitro suggests that endogenous cytokines may inhibit adiponectin.
- body mass index was inversely correlated with the dose of G allele; expression levels of adiponectin affected insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in differentiated adipocytes
- the potential effects of adiponectin on glucose uptake into adipose cells
- marker of inflammation in Pima Indians at risk for NIDDM
- I164T mutation is associated with hypoadiponectinemia through disturbed secretion into plasma, which may contribute to the development of the metabolic syndrome.
- Adiponectin concentrations change according to variations of fat mass. Insulin sensitivity per se probably does not play pivotal role in control of adiponectin levels in PCOS women.
- Circulating adiponectin differentially modulates insulin action and thyroid-axis, inflammatory cytokines, and the adrenal cortex might intervene in this modulation.
- Serum adiponectin and soluble leptin receptor levels might be influenced by common regulatory factors and challenge the notion that cortisol may have a direct inhibitory effect on adiponectin in humans. Out-of-phase with leptin diurnal rhythms.
- Exercise training-induced increase in insulin sensitivity is not dependent on increase in adiponectinemia in healthy men.
- Adiponectin is a genetic factor associated with insulin sensitivity. Interactions with PPARgamma2 genotypes modified this association.
- Adiponectin-containing supernatant consistently induced expression of adiponectin mRNA in human myotubes from eight different donors.
- PPAR-gamma and LRH-1 play significant roles in the transcriptional activation of adiponectin gene via the PPRE and the LRH-RE in its promoter
- adiponectin expression from adipose tissue is higher in lean subjects and women, and is associated with higher degrees of insulin sensitivity and lower TNF-alpha expression
- Decreased serum adiponectin level is an independent risk factor for progression to type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population.
- Adiponectin may play a protective role against the atherosclerotic vascular change, and loss of effects enhances endothelial dysfunction, as in obese people.
- fasting adiponectin concentrations were lower in an obese group vs. lean group but rose 4-fold postprandially in the obese group
- Observations suggest that hypoadiponectinemia is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and that the measurement of plasma adiponectin level might be helpful as a marker of endothelial dysfunction.
- adiponectin DNA sequence variations might play a role in the complications of morbid obesity
- HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome patients have reduced levels of plasma adiponectin and adiponectin mRNA in adipose tissue and increased cytokine mRNA is hypothesized to exert an inhibitory effect on adiponectin gene expression
- Among human adiponectin mutations, G84R and G90S mutants, which are associated with diabetes and hypoadiponectinemia, did not form HMW multimers.
- Adiponectin is present in cord blood but does not show expected physiological relations with adiposity as observed in adults.
- Serum adiponectin levels are reduced in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Although adiponectin does not seem to be actively involved in pathogenesis of PCOS, there seems to be interaction between adiponectin and steroid synthesis or action.
- adiponectin has novel vascular actions to directly stimulate production of nitric oxide in endothelial cells
- blood pressure is inversely related to the plasma adiponectin independent of the other variables of the metabolic syndrome and other risk factors of coronary artery disease in healthy adolescent females
- correlation of plasma adiponectin with insulin resistance did not achieve statistical significance
- trimeric and HMW/hexameric Acrp30 activate different signal transduction pathways
- Review. Adiponectin has plural biofunctions: antidiabetic, antiatherosclerotic, & antiinflammatory. Levels decrease in visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and vascular diseases.
- Gobular adiponectin increased NO production in aortic endothlium by increasing NO synthase activity and expression.
- adiponectin can function to stimulate the new blood vessel growth by promoting cross-talk between AMP-activated protein kinase and Akt signaling within endothelial cells
- bulimia nervosa women exhibited significantly increased circulating adiponectin levels, whereas binge eating disorder women had significantly reduced plasma levels
- Recombinant adiponectin strongly inhibits B-cell lymphopoiesis rather than myelopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures, but only when stromal cells are present and only when cultures are initiated with the earliest category of lymphocyte precursors.
- In Asian Indians, low plasma adiponectin level was predictive of future development of diabetes
- findings are compatible with the hypothesis that adiponectin increases hepatic insulin sensitivity
- results suggest that the low serum adiponectin levels are significantly associated with an increased risk for breast cancer and that tumors arising in women with the low serum adiponectin levels are more likely to show a biologically aggressive phenotype
- adiponectin in cord blood is derived from fetal tissue; high adiponectin levels in newborns may be due to lack of negative feedback on adiponectin production.
- Adiponectin mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue can acutely respond to short-term energy changes in some obese subjects. Levels of adiposity and insulin sensitivity may contribute to variation in adiponectin gene expression in response to energy changes.
- especially among leaner individuals, the adiponectin gene appears to determine an increased risk to develop insulin resistance
- lower visceral fat mass and type 1 diabetes mellitus are associated with elevated plasma adiponectin levels in ESRD patients.
- analyses demonstrated that body mass index, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) correlated significantly with adiponectin levels in only the Caucasian women and did not apply to the African American population
- Potential interaction between the adiponectin genotype and PPAR gamma genotype or obesity.
- HMW adiponectin complex is the active form, which can depress serum glucose levels
- findings suggest that the serum adiponectin concentration predicts subsequent changes in insulin resistance
- increase in plasma adiponectin is strongly associated with a decrease in hepatic fat content and improvements in hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity after thiazolidinedione therapy
- the balance in concentrations of resistin and adiponectin determines the inflammation status of vasculature and the progress of atherosclerosis
- adiponectin and leptin concentrations, were more strongly influenced by visceral adipose tissue in the case of adiponectin, and by subcutaneous adipose tissue in the case of leptin
- Plasma adiponectin levels are inversely correlated with obesity and insulin resistance in boys and girls during the pubertal period.
- Hypoadiponectinemia in youth is a strong and independent correlate of insulin resistance.
- SNPs in the proximal promoter region of the APM1 gene contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes
- Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived, antiatherogenic protein that is present in serum as three isoforms. The HMW adiponectin specifically confers the vascular-protective activities of this adipocytokine.
- Adiponectin is related to the protection against the metabolic syndrome but is not involved in the regulation of VLCD-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity.
- adiponectin has a role in inhibiting oxLDL-induced cell proliferation and suppressing cellular superoxide generation
- associations of plasma adiponectin concentrations with blood cells and hepatopancreatic enzymes indicate the possibility that increased adiponectin may contribute to suppressive bone marrow function and hematopoiesis
- function of adiponectin as a negative regulator of angiogenesis
- Serum adiponectin concentration appears to be significantly associated with vascular function in apparently healthy humans
- Small for gestational age children showed adiponectin levels significantly lower than short- normal children (35.2 +/- 3.5 vs. 80.4 +/- 26.6 micro g/ml; P < 0.0001) and obese children (77.5 +/- 39.4 micro g/ml; P < 0.0001).
- These results demonstrate that 1) adiponectin plasma levels in cirrhosis are significantly elevated, 2) the liver is a major source of adiponectin extraction, and 3) adiponectin levels in cirrhosis do not correlate with parameters of body composition.
- adiponectin is present in umbilical cord blood after 35 to 42 weeks of gestation, with higher levels than those usually found in adults and a positive correlation with birth weight and leptin
- Moderate red wine intake improves post-glucose FFA profiles but does not modify the plasma concentrations of both TNF-alpha and of adiponectin concentrations: the latter is significantly and positively associated to the insulin action.
- Concomitant increase in plasma adipoonectin and improved basal and insulin stimulated glucose metabolism after angiotensin II receptor antagonist treatment support notion of causal role for adiponectin in regulating insulin-mediated glucose metabolism.
- Abnormal feeding behavior in the patients with eating disorders may reduce circulating adiponectin level, and weight recovery can restore it.
- may play an anti-atherogenic role
- Adiponectin selectively increased TIMP-1 expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages through IL-10 induction. This study identified, for the first time, the adiponectin/IL-10 interaction against vascular inflammation.
- Multiple logistic regression analysis identified sex, angina pectoris, and PAI-1 as independent determinants of hyperadiponectinemia
- Blood pressure inversely associated with adiponectin concentration in normotensives. The TC genotype of the I164T polymorphism was associated with lower adiponectin concentration & hypertension; the G276T polymorphism was not associated with either.
- Atherosclerosis not main determinant of cardiovascular mortality in acromegaly. Permissive action of GH and/or IGF-I excess on adiponectin secretion.
- Fasting plasma adiponectin and ghrelin levels were found to be associated with central obesity or insulin resistance. Plasma adiponectin and ghrelin concentrations were not associated with each other in elderly Korean women.
- Low levels associated with type 2 diabetes in Mexican children.
- adiponectin polymorphisms are not causatively involved in the metabolic disturbances of polycystic ovary syndrome
- increases in plasma levels of adiponectin or reductions in TNF-alpha are not required for marked improvements in glucose/insulin and lipid metabolism with acute weight loss.
- Decrease in expression may be the result of a negative feedback regulation, as a result of elevated levels of circulating adiponectin caused by renal failure.
- Adiponectin levels might be valuable targets for decreasing the atherosclerotic risk present in diabetes.
- Lower plasma adiponectin concentrations characterize women with previous Gestational diabetes dependently of the prevailing insulin sensitivity.
- adipocytes can simultaneously secrete certain hormones, such as leptin, in patterns that are orderly, whereas other hormones, such as adiponectin, are secreted in patterns that appear to be random.
- Hypoadiponectinemia is feature of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis independent of insulin resistance. Reduced adiponectin associated with extensive necroinflammation; may contribute to development of necroinflammatory forms of nonalcoholic fatty liver.
- Hypoadiponectinemia may worsen liver diseases associated with metabolic diseases in clinical cases
- adiponectin may take part in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
- Adiponectin levels in obese children were negatively correlated to age, body fat, and insulin resistance and were decreased in puberty. Significant weight loss led to an increase in adiponectin levels and an improvement of insulin resistance.
- Serum adiponectin is lowest in the presence of impaired glucose regulation and early diabetes.
- Adiponectin may play an important role in regulating fetal growth and explaining its links to the metabolic syndrome and its consequences during adult life.
- Strong association of adiponectin serum concentrations with obesity, pubertal development, and metabolic parameters in children indicating epidemiological and pathophysiological relevance already in childhood.
- adiponectin is up-regulated in vivo and in vitro in human and rodent myotubes in response to inflammatory stimuli
- higher adiponectin levels were associated with a lower incidence of diabetes.
- Diabetic patients not only have a decreased adiponectin level in the basal state but also have impaired utilization of adiponectin in the coronary artery and/or the heart.
- In summary, the presented data support the idea that adiponectin might be of critical relevance for cytokine regulation in obesity and fatty liver diseases affecting primarily macrophage functions.
- Lower adiponectin levels in small for gesttional age infants are do not suggest insulin resistance in intrauterine growth-retarded infants but may be a predisposing factor in the future development of insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes.
- a link between adiponectin and bone homeostasis by demonstrating transcription, translation, and secretion of adiponectin, as well as expression of its receptors, adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and AdipoR2, in bone-forming cells
- In adults with Prader-Willi syndrome serum total adiponectin levels were higher than in controls with simple obesity
- Hypoadiponectinemia is closely associated with the clinical phenotype of the metabolic syndrome and measuring the plasma concentration of adiponectin may be useful for management of the metabolic syndrome.
- Haplotypes 1-1-1, 1-1-1-1, and 1-1-1-1-1 as being strongly protective against type 2 diabetes.
- the cleavage of adiponectin by leukocyte elastase secreted from activated monocytes and/or neutrophils could be a candidate for the mechanism of the generation of the globular fragment of adiponectin.
- Review discusses the anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of adiponectin and its ability to stimulate insulin sensitivity, which have made adiponectin an important object for physiological and pathophysiological studies
- Apm1 gene polymorphisms influence plasma adiponectin concentrations and lipoprotein/lipid levels
- Lipoprotein lipase may represent a link between low adiponectin levels and dyslipidemia in both nondiabetic individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes.
- Sibutramine improved fat distribution and insulin resistance, and increased serum adiponectin levels in Korean obese nondiabetic premenopausal women.
- Adiponectin gene variations showed an association with obesity and insulin sensitivity, and adiponectin genotypes may predict the increasing risk for type 2 diabetes in non-diabetic subjects
- an inverse association between neonatal adiponectin levels and newborn ponderal index and a positive association with newborn length by univariate analysis
- adiponectin concentration is influenced to a greater extent by visceral than subcutaneous obesity
- increased adiponectin levels reflect decreased body fat content in anorexia nervosa patients
- Variation in APM1 is responsible for linkage of adiponectin levels to 3q27 in the Old Order Amish.
- ACDC polymorphisms do not play a major role in susceptibility to obesity or type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians.
- Potential of adiponectin determination as a useful marker of, and potential therapeutic target for, coronary artery disease prevention in type 1 diabetes.
- These results suggest that plasma adiponectin is altered as a result of maximal acute exercise in highly trained athletes.
- results show unexpected positive correlations between leptin and insulin, leptin and adiponectin, a weak inverse relationship between adiponectin and glomerular filtration rate
- Increased adiponectin levels are associated with a moderately decreased coronary heart disease risk in diabetic men.
- Compaarison of the specificity and sensitivity of intact proinsulin, adiponectin, and their ratioin the prediction of insulin resistance.
- Increased serum adiponectin might be the reflection of a compensatory response to nephrotic state characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia.
- there are significantly lower levels of plasma adiponectin in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease
- Down-regulation of adiponectin is associated with gastric cancer
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the adiponectin gene as predictors for the conversion from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes in the STOP-NIDDM trial, are evaluated.
- Plasma levels predicted by musscle insulin sensitivity in men but by fat insulin sensitivity in women.
- results suggested that the adiponectin-leptin ratio was effective in relevance as a parameter of insulin resistance to adiponectin or leptin alone in patients with type 2 diabetes
- plasma adiponectin profile was altered in end-stage renal disease(ESRD), and the effects of body fat and sex on adiponectin were less significant in the patients with ESRD
- Hypoadiponectinemia is a novel putative cardiovascular risk factor in patients with mild and moderate renal failure.
- plasma adiponectin concentrations decrease progressively with higher grades of hypertensive retinopathy even after correction for other atherogenic risk factors, suggesting that a critical adiponectin level is needed for the development of retinopathy.
- Adiponectin expression is significantly lower in epicardial fat isolated from patients with coronary artery disease.
- In women with polycystic ovary syndrome adiponectin(PCOS) was lower and resistin was higher while leptin was similar to matched controls. Decreased adiponectin in PCOS was most marked change.
- Plasma adiponection and adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 mRNA expression in muscle are not acutely regulated by adipose tissue lipolysis and/or plasma FFA. Adiponectin is abundantly expressed in muscle and is present in/on sarcolemma of muscle fibres.
- Reduced activation of AMPkinase by globular adiponectin in obese and obese type 2 diabetic subjects is not caused by reduced adiponectin receptor expression.
- Adiponectin concentration is an independent correlate of beta cell function in late pregnancy and may play a key role in mediating insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
- This review describes the involvement of adiponectin in the metabolism and regulation of the cardiovascular endothelium and its central role in the progression of cardiovascular disease.
- a high serum concentration of adiponectin is associated with a protective effect against hepatic steatosis
- Agents that increase blood level of adiponectin or enhance the actions of adiponectin can be an ideal medicine for ameliorating insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
- Decreased levels of blood adiponecin in nonalcoholic fatty liver are related to hepatic insulin sensitivity and to the amount of hepatic fat content.
- Obese insulin-sensitive adolescents are characterized by lower lipid deposition in the intramyocellular and visceral compartments and greater levels of adiponectin, despite similar degree of adiposity.
- study showed that plasma adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were independently and reversely associated with insulin resistance and C-reactive protein levels were related to TNF-alpha and obesity
- adiponectin levels are associated with the metabolic syndrome per se and several of its components, particularly, diabetes, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in this urban south Indian population
- Low adiponectin levels occur in very young obese children, correlating with a range of variables of metabolic syndrome.
- contribution of the 5'-ACDC sinle nucleotide polymorphisms to the risk of diabesity
- the putative response elements for SREBP and C/EBP are required for human adiponectin promoter activity, and suppression by TNF-alpha may, at least in part, be associated with inactivation of C/EBP-beta
- Significant associaations between single nucleotide polymorphism and decresed cardiovascular dis risk and increased plasma adiponectin levels in diabetic men.
- Negative correlation between serum adiponectin and resistin in polycystic ovary syndrome which might increase of insulin resistance.
- plasma levels of adiponectin were associated positively with HDL-cholesterol and age, and inversely with body mass index and hemoglobin A1c
- Angiotein II-induced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction are accompanied by a decrease in adiponectin gene expression.
- The elevated adiponectin concentrations observed in subjects with microvascular disease may indicate an altered regulation of this adipocytokine in patients with complications associated with type 1 diabetes.
- Circulating adiponectin, CBG concentration, and fasting cortisol were significantly interrelated in healthy subjects. A significant sexual dimorphism exists in this association.
- Rduction in serum adiponectin level is associated with the prevalence and magnitude of systemic atherosclerosis including arteriosclerosis obliterans and ischemic heart disease.
- Regulation of adiponectin has consesquences for the cardiovascular and metabolic complications of obesity.
- data suggest that reduced adiponectin synthesis in subcutaneous adipocytes contributes to lower serum adiponectin levels in obesity and that glucocorticoids regulate adiponectin gene expression in human adipocytes
- Elevation of adiponectin may be a defense mechanism against endothelial damage, reflected by elevated CD146 and thrombomodulin.
- The naative ative protein circulates in serum as a lower molecular weight hexamer and as larger multimeric structures of high molecular weight, which may be the active form.
- Leptin and adiponectin activate proinflammatory cytokine release and phospholipid metabolism in human placenta and adipose tissue, and antiinflammatory agents can abrogate leptin- and adiponectin-induced inflammation.
- C/EBPalpha is a key transcription factor for full activation of human adiponectin gene transcription in mature adipocytes through interaction with response elements in the intronic enhancer.
- single nucleotide polymorphism SNP276 of the adiponectin gene may affect impaired glucose tolerance and hypoadiponectinemia
- results suggest that interleukin (IL)-6(-174) G/C polymorphism is associated with insulin resistance and increased adipose tissue IL6 gene expression, which can impair adiponectin production
- Serum adiponectin concentrations are increased in type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy, and levels are further associated with renal insufficiency.
- Fenofibrate improved percent flow-mediated dilator response to hyperemia, reduced inflammation marker levels, increased adiponectin levels, and improved insulin sensitivity in hypertriglyceridemic or metabolic syndrome patients.
- found a higher prevalence of the T45 G polymorphism in the adiponectin gene in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- role of adiponectin in early atherosclerosis
- These suggest that JNK and STAT3 may constitute a universal signaling pathway to mediate adiponectin's pathophysiological effects on metabolic syndrome and cancer.
- These findings indicate that for increasing the adiponectin level, improvement of the body composition of young obese men is more important than the way training is performed.
- In contrast, adiponectin augmented both the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and the IL-8 production in the presence of LPS.
- adiponectin is implicated in the pathophysiology of endometriosis
- Elevated levels of ADPN may be pathogenically related to the development of microvascular complications or represent a beneficial counter-regulatory response.
- adiponectin has a role in adipose tissue metabolism and in the pathophysiology of familial combined hyperlipidemia
- low ADPN levels appear to be associated with poor outcome after first-ever ischemic stroke independently of other adverse predictors
- Results suggest, that decreased adiponectin levels are indicative for symptomatic coronary artery disease, but are not further influenced by the progression of this disease.
- Globular adiponectin (gAd) is a powerful inducer of TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion in primary human peripheral macrophages, in the THP-1 human macrophage cell line, and in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages.
- Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects had lower plasma adiponectin levels compared with normal(NGT) subjects.
- Plasma adiponectin appears to be a determinant of plasma triglycerides via an effect on LPL activity
- Adiponectin, rather than insulin, may represent an important factor contributing to the regulation of hepatic lipase activity in both nondiabetic individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes
- Reduced concentration of adiponectin in peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis implies a role for adiponectin in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
- In patients with chronic hepatitis c, adiponectin and receptors(AdipoR1 and AdipoR2)play a role in hepatic inflammation in both sexes and liver steatosis in males.
- Results demonstrate that adiponectin is synthesized and secreted by isolated murine and human cardiomyocytes, and suggest that the local production of this hormone by cardiomyocytes could be involved in the regulation of cardiac metabolism and function.
- A high adiponectin level was a predictor of mortality, independent of risk markers of chronic heart failure severity, presumably because of its role as a marker for wasting
- Does not correlate with insulin sensitivity in pregnancy.
- plasma levels of adiponectin and TNFalpha are upregulated in acute myeloid leukemia
- These data support a regulatory role of adiponectin in human islets; however, adiponectin does not seem to affect insulin secretion or basal/fatty acid-induced beta-cell apoptosis in humans.
- hyper-adiponectinemia is closely associated with increases in serum thyroid hormone levels and TSH receptor antibody in Basedow disease
- T276T genotype of the adiponectin gene is associated with elevated serum adiponectin level and diastolic blood pressure among young Finnish men.
- polymorphisms of the adiponectin gene independently contribute to insulin resistance and other cardiovascular disease risk factors
- Data show that SNP276 in adiponectin gene was associated with adiponectin gene and insulin sensitivity.
- Sodium nitroprusside diabetic patients and in healthy subjects affected adiponectin expression (adiponectinS)
- Adiponectin gene with type 2 diabetes and adiponectin level are reported in the Polish population.
- Adiponectin is associated with insulin sensitivity independent of visceral adipose tissue in both African-American and Caucasian youth.
- identification of adiponectin receptors on brain endothelial cells and the finding of a modified secretion pattern of centrally active substances from BBB cells provides an alternate explanation as to how adiponectin may evoke effects on energy metabolis
- The relationships between circulating levels of total adiponectin, adiponectin multimers, and the relative distribution (i.e., ratio) of multimeric forms with key features of the metabolic syndrome are reported.
- Therefore, f-adiponectin is a molecular mediator between prostate cancer and obesity, and may be therapeutic to prostate cancer.
- results support importance of adiponectin in the pathogenesis of childhood AML
- the trafficking of adiponectin through its secretory pathway is dependent on GGA-coated vesicles
- adiponectin gene is associated with adiponectin levels but not with characteristics of the insulin resistance syndrome
- Plasma adiponectin levels are associated with increased hepatic lipase activity in Japanese hyperlipidemic men.
- This study showed a clear modulation of adiponectin concentrations by variants of APM1, which are not merely a concomitant effect in the course of type 2 diabetes or coronary artery disease.
- Interactions between noncontiguous ACDC haplotypes strongly influence adiponectin levels, suggesting nonadditive and potentially cis relationships between these regions.
- Variations at the ACDC/adiponectin gene are associated with risk of severe forms of obesity; the mechanisms underlying these possible associations, however, are not fully understood.
- Adiponectin multimer composition is affected by changes in post-translational modifications in response to physiological factors.
- These results indicate that a submaximal aerobic workout does not result in significant changes in adiponectin and resistin up to 48 h post-exercise. Furthermore, it appears that adiponectin or resistin is not associated with insulin sensitivity.
- Adiponectin has pro-proliferative and pro-inflammatory actions on colonic epithelial cells; these appear to be differentially activated by the adiponectin isoforms.
- increase of adiponectin concentrations or the maintenance of higher concentration may be negatively associated with cardiovascular risk factors in nondiabetic coronary artery disease male patients
- Low plasma levels of adiponectin is one of several independent predictors of glucose intolerance in a Japanese-Brazilian population.
- adipocytokines such as adiponectin may also be key targets for therapeutic strategies in inflammatory joint diseases
- On-admission plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin do not correlate with disease severity, suggesting that the adipokines do not affect the course of acute pancreatitis.
- Our results suggest that the protective effects of adiponectin on MPP+-induced apoptosis may be ascribed to its anti-oxidative properties.
- results suggest that a decrease in plasma adiponectin concentration might be associated with the development of variant angina pectoris
- Single nucleotide polymorphism increases risk of diabetes.
- human placenta produces and secretes adiponectin, and adiponectin and its receptors are differentially regulated by cytokines and their expression altered in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
- Strong negative correlation between adiponectin and apoA-I fractional catabolic rate, which can explain the positive link between HDL cholesterol and adiponectin.
- Plasma adiponectin is associated with the disorder of metabolism of glucose and lipid in diabetes. The relationship between this hormone and insulin sensitivity suggests it may take part in the development of insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes.
- The SNP276G>T of the ADIPOQ gene is associated with different responses of circulating adiponectin and insulin resistance to mild weight loss in overweight-obese subjects.
- Acquired obesity independent of genetic influences is able to increase expression of macrophage and inflammatory markers and decrease adiponectin expression in adipose tissue
- Low adiponectin may contribute to impaired insulin activation of glycogen synthase in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes.
- Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with the phenotype of the metabolic syndrome as well as components of the metabolic syndrome.
- hydroxylation and glycosylation of the lysine residues within the collagenous domain of adiponectin are critically involved in regulating the formation of its HMW oligomeric complex
- The plasma levels adiponectin were significantly correlated in metabolically obese, normal-weight subjects.
- Data indicaate a complex age- and sex-related regulation of adiponectin secretion or clearance.
- ADIPOQ promoter polymorphism -11365C-->G was associated with plasma adiponectin levels, whereas polymorphisms -4034A-->C and +276G-->T were associated with cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients.
- This study showed that left ventricular mass (LVM) is significantly higher in uncomplicated obese subjects carrying the G/G genotype at position 276 of the human adiponectin gene.
- Recombinant adiponectin suppresses IL-2-induced natural killer cell cytotoxicity by inhibiting the NF-kappa B signaling pathway and downregulating interferon-gamma.
- adiponectin and resistin polymorphisms are not associated with polycystic ovary syndrome
- Here we show that MCF-7 cells express adiponectin receptors and respond to human recombinant adiponectin by reducing their growth, AMPkinase activation, and p42/p44 MAPkinase
- Adiponectin is present in human milk and its concentrations are associated with duration of lactation, maternal adiposity, and ethnicity
- a quantitative trait locus at 3q27, likely distinct from the APM1 gene, contributes to the variation of plasma adiponectin levels in the Hispanic-American population
- Components of the energy balance (ie: energy intake and/or expenditure) influence adiponectin circulating levels.
- A common ADIPOQ gene polymorphism predicts glycaemic status in southern Chinese people.
- We present data that gene variants in the ADIPOQ promoter region are associated with variations in adiponectin levels and thus with future type 2 diabetes and disease progression.
- The high constitutive expression of adiponectin by salivary gland epithelial cells from patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome is likely attributable to aberrant activation of these cells.
- Determination of high molecular weight adiponectin, especially relative to total serum adiponectin, is useful for evaluating coronary disease in type 2 diabetic patients.
- first Werner type 4 syndrome patient found to have an adiponectin gene mutation
- plasma adiponectin levels in subjects with diabetes as well as in subjects with coronary artery disease
- Adiponectin could be used to rule out pregnant women at low risk of Gestational Diabetes.
- Adiponectin may be associated with metabolic syndrome X through regulation of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines.
- The transcardiac gradient of adiponectin may modulate endothelial vasomotor function in large and resistance coronary arteries and may play a role in the pathogenesis of diseases presenting with coronary vasomotor dysfunction
- These findings clearly indicate that the adiponectin may act as a protective role in the progression of Osteoarthritis (OA), and this also provide new thinking on the relationship between obesity and OA.
- genome scan in Hispanic children has identified a novel QTL and replicated QTLs that affect circulating levels of adiponectin
- Diploid combinations of haplotype in the adiponectin gene promoter region contribute to the genetic risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in individuals from a German Caucasian population.
- Adiponectin-mediated induction of IL-6, CCL2 and CXCL8 is disturbed in monocytes from type I diabetes patients.
- AP-2beta might modulate the expression of adiponectin by directly inhibiting its transcriptional activity.
- Evidence for association of SNPs in adiponectin and its receptors with multiple insulin resistancse syndrome-related phenotypes.
- Plasma adiponectin levels are significantly associated with coronary lesion complexity in men with coronary artery disease. Low adiponectin levels may contribute to coronary plaque vulnerability.
- These data indicate that recombinant adiponectin induced RANKL and inhibited OPG expression in human osteoblasts through the AdipoR1/p38 MAPK pathway
- adiponectin and its isoforms and receptors are upregulated in end-stage kidney disease
- Reduced circulating adiponectin occurs in rat fatty liver disease, but it is elevated in a mouse cirrhosis with similar findings in humans. Diminished hepatic expression of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR2 and AdipoR1) was only found in liver cirrhosis.
- LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), smoking and WBC count are, but levels of adiponectin, insulin and CRP are not significantly related to chronic heart disease death
- Reduction of fat mass following gastric bypass surgery is a determinant of the increase of high molecular weight adiponectin concentrations.
- Low adiponectin levels may contribute to the increased mortality seen in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
- Regulation of adiponectin expression may be of great importance in the development of metabolic perturbations characteristic of Type 2 diabetes in obese individuals.
- T45G polymorphism in exon 2 of the adiponectin gene is associated with lumbar spine bone mineral density and G276T polymorphism in intron 2 of the adiponectin gene is associated with the urine deoxypyridinoline level in Korean women
- adiponectin is involved in the pathophysiology linking obesity to type 2 diabetes
- adiponectin single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP45)does not predict diabetes type II development in Mexicans
- the -11377G > C polymorphism of the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) might interact with the percentage of energy derived from fat in the diet for the development of obesity
- These results suggest that oncostatin M inhibits adiponectin expression by inducing dedifferentiation of adipocytes through signaling pathways involving JAK3 and MEK, but not JAK2.
- Adiponectin has a role in improvement of endothelial function after rosiglitazone treatment in non-diabetic individuals with metabolic syndrome
- The high-molecular-weight complex of adiponectin is associated with renal insufficiency in type 2 diabetic patients.
- REVIEW: explanation of how genetic findings have contributed to a better understanding of the physiological role of adiponectin in humans
- adiponectin and amino terminal natriuretic peptide precursor B were related to disease severity, indicating a possible role for assessment of future morbidity and mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease
- Study showed lower serum adiponectin in obese children.
- elevated serum levels of adiponectin were associated with a lower risk for coronary heart disease
- low plasma adiponectin is associated with an increased risk of premature Coronary artery disease over and above the already exaggerated risk seen in Familial Hypercholesterolemia patients
- asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)accumulation in human cultured endothelial cells is influenced by both insulin and adiponectin, and both mediators counteract the TNFalpha-induced accumulation of ADMA through the DDAH pathway
- A low plasma adiponectin level,was a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular events in these Korean patients with type 2 diabetes
- Anorexia nervosa is associated with increased plasma adiponectin levels.
- Single nucleotide polymorphism in the adiponectin gene are associated with type 1 diabwetes among Swedish Caucasians.
- Adiponectin may act as a biomarker of carcinogenesis and may constitute a molecular link between obesity and breast cancer.
- Low adiponectin levels are associated with renal cell carcinoma
- Of the inflammatory markers studied, adiponectin proved to be an independent predictor of new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation.
- low levels of adiponectin are associated with adverse changes in morphology and function of central arteries over time independently of other cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal non-diabetic women
- Gigher serum adiponectin concentration is associated with reduced odds of moderate renal dysfunction in men with type 2 diabetes.
- Results do not support the superiority of high molecular weight over total adiponectin in assessing metabolic variables at baseline or in response to physical training.
- Circulating adiponectin is associated with insulin resistance and HDL-C levels independent from body mass index in overweight subjects.
- Adiponectin is inversely associated with factors strongly associated with the development of diabetes
- Recombinant human diponectin is a potent insulin enhancer linking adipose tissue and glucose metabolism could be useful to treat insulin resistance or diabetes in swine.
- adiponectin showed a trend to be higher in small for gestational age children
- Studies published indicate that polymorphisms at the adiponectin locus are predictors of circulating adiponectin levels, insulin sensitivity, and atherosclerosis, having a pivotal role of this adipokine in the modulation of metabolism and atherogenesis.
- Adiponectin blood levels are not changed after a glucose tolerance test in normal adults.
- Increased carotid artery intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes may in part be explained by lower plasma adiponectin and higher triglycerides.
- Hyper-adiponectin blood levels resolved in parallel with reduction of insulin receptor antibodies and clinical resolution of insulin resistance.
- abdominal adiposity and leptin are independent predictors of adiponectin gene expression and in human adipocytes, adiponectin gene expression is strongly related to IkB-alpha mRNA
- Japanese men carrying the G allele of SNP45 showed higher visceral fat area, lower subcutaneous fat area, and higher plaque score than those with TT genotype
- The -11377 C > G adiponectin gene promoter variant is i) associated with decreased serum adiponectin levels, ii) correlated with the presence of coronary atherosclerosis and iii) significantly predictive of vascular events among men
- the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARG gene is not associated with serum adiponectin levels in Asian Indians
- The median adiponectin levels were lower in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients than controls and gradually decreased with increase in tumor stage.
- Study supports the hypothesis that adiponectin could be recognised as a protective protein for the development of atherosclerosis.
- Modulation of adipokine signaling may contribute to the insulin resistant, atherogenic state associated with human inflammatory syndromes
- adiponectin clearance may be decreased as shown by the inverse correlation of urinary adiponectin with GFR
- Transgenic expression of human adiponectin blocked the excessive fat accumulation and reduced the morbidity and mortality in mice fed a high-calorie diet.
- This study indicates that telmisartan may stimulate adiponectin transcription independent of PPAR-gamma.
- Adiponectin concentration was inversely and independently associated with electrocardiographically diagnosed left ventricular hypertrophy in Japanese men.
- stronger negative association of visceral adipose tissue with adiponectin in African-Americans compared with Hispanics
- Plasma adiponectin and muscle gene expression of its specific receptors are controlled by genetic and several specific nongenetic factors
- Serum leptin and adiponectin are positively associated with bone mineral density at the distal radius in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Our data suggest that hypoadiponectinaemia may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in humans.
- reduced adiponectin and increased TNF-alpha may be involved in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus
- Serum adiponectin levels may serve as an auxiliary marker providing further improvement for discrimination between pT2 and pT3 stages in prostate neoplasms.
- low adiponectin and high insulin levels are associated with GDM in pregnant PCOS patients
- Circulating adiponectin concentrations are a useful predictor of coronary endothelial function compared to other factors such as insulin resistance index, body mass index, immunoreactive insulin, and triglycerides.
- restenosis development after PCI in patients with coronary artery disease may involve the participation of MCP-1 after PCI, and adiponectin incompletely prevent this MCP-1-dependent restenosis
- Plasma levels may be involed in the development of vascular complication in end stage of diabetic nephropathy.
- adiponectin has a role in the homeostasis of adipose tissue and in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis [review]
- Decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations may contribute to the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia and that adiponectin localized in chorionic vessels may play a role in the restoring of endothelial damage in the feto-maternal units of pre-eclampsia.
- Taken together, the current study demonstrates that APN might protect against atherosclerosis by increasing HDL assembly through enhancing ABCA1 pathway and apoA-1 synthesis in the liver.
- Total and high molecular weight adiponectin are increased in men with normal glucose tolerance.
- Adipocytokine expression in fat tissue appears to be down-regulated by an increased fat mass; this is particularly evident in the case of adiponectin expression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
- Adiponectin, leptin and hs-CRP were associated with variables of cholesterol metabolism. A high ratio of cholesterol synthesis to absorption is characterized by high serum leptin and low adiponectin concentrations.
- Adiponectin was lower and hsCRP higher in the subjects with metabolic syndrome than in those without it
- there is an imbalance between adiponectin and leptin in the plasma of pre-eclamptic women. Reduced adiponectin and elevated leptin levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of PE and associated with the development of severe disease
- glucosylgalactosyl residues contribute to the conformation of high molecular weight human plasma adiponectin.
- The adiponectin gene I164T polymorphism could be a stronger determinant of abdominal obesity with lower serum adiponectin levels, at least in Japanese women.
- Fasting adiponectin does not change throughout the prolonged training period in elite male rowers despite substantial changes in training volume.
- Higher values of HOMA-IR with lower adiponectin levels may indicate future development of metabolic syndrome or other metabolic disturbances in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
- study found plasma adiponectin levels in African Americans in this study were lower than reported in previous studies; plasma adiponectin was higher in women than men, positively associated with HDL cholesterol & negatively associated with serum insulin
- adiponectin is an independent variable of serum PON1, which may contribute to the anti-atherosclerotic effect of adiponectin
- Plasma adiponectin levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were elevated and correlated with body weight loss, hyperinflation, and systemic inflammation.
- Plasma adiponectin decreased significantly only 2 h after high advanced glycation end products; the cooking method preserves postprandial regulation.
- adiponectin is a significant metabolic concomitant of HTGL activity in African Americans
- Adiponectin might play a protective role in coronary atherosclerosis progression in patients with chest pain.
- Serum IL10 levels correlated with inflammatory proteins, but not with adiponectin. IL10 positively associated with adiponectin especially in the subjects with MetS. IL10 might be involved in the inflammatory network of MetS in relation to adiponectin
- Postprandial plasma adiponectin decreases after glucose and high fat meal and is independently associated with postprandial triacylglycerols but not with -- 11388 promoter polymorphism
- Reduced levels of low molecular weight-adiponectin in obesity may partly contribute to elevated monocytic IL-6 release.
- In children, adiponectin levels worsen throughout the continuum of obesity and especially in the presence of components of the metabolic syndrome.
- Genetic variation of the adiponectin gene is associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome X and diabetes mellitus in the elderly.
- In obese men with metabolic syndrome, weight loss with a low-fat diet decreases the plasma LDL apoB-100 and HDL lipoprotein kinetics, involving changes in adiponectin levels.
- Adiponectin levels do not contribute to the prediction of type 1 diabetes in islet cell antibody-polisitive relatives.
- Adiponectin has proinflammatory properties in monocytic cells.
- polymorphisms in adiponectin and resistin genes can contribute to metabolic phenotype of patients with obesity and anorexia nervosa
- Both circulating adiponectin levels and the portion present as the most active HMW form are reduced in polycystic ovary syndrome, with differences related to the degree of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
- Plasma adiponectin was associated with plasma MDA, serum HDL cholesterol & hsCRP levels. It may play a role in alleviating oxidative stress in HD patients.
- Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the adiponectin gene do not play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease in humans.
- The endocannabinoid system is activated in obese visceral adipose tissue as shown by decreased FAAH, Cb1, and adiponectin expression.
- in patients with cardiovascular disease or dyslipidemia, adiponectin was independently positively associated with serum HDL-cholesterol, sVCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), female gender and negatively with hs-CRP (c reative protein)
- Plasma adiponectin increased one month after coronary artery bypass grafting from the baseline level, although the level was still lower than the control value.
- the SKase pathway, through the generation of S1P, is critically involved in mediating globular adiponectin-induced endothelial cell activation
- increased BMI and shorter sleep duration may be significant independent risks for low serum adiponectin levels in healthy males
- plasma adiponectin has a role in regulating sex hormone and insulin-like growth factor levels, including SHBG, c-peptide, and IGFBP-1
- Lower levels of adiponectin are associated with a lower risk for the development of new cardiovascular events in patients with clinical evident vascular diseases.
- The globular domain of adiponectin (gAdiponectin) was successfully expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris after codon optimization and established the purification procedure.
- Potentiates interleukin-6 production in synovial fibroblasts via the AdipoR1 receptor/5'-AMP-activated protein kinase/p38/IKKalphabeta and NF-kappa B signaling pathway.
- A cellular mechanism underlying the linkages between endometrial cancer and obesity:adiponectin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human endometrial carcinoma cells.
- Life style determinants and serum ADIPOQ concentrations were evaluated in a general population of Japanese females.
- The antithrombotic effect of rosiglitazone is mediated, at least in part, through the suppressive effect of adiponectin on PAI-1 production.
- Metabolic disturbances related to metabolic syndrome or diabetes affect the ability to detect early-stage prostate cancer.
- fetal tissues are the source of high cord blood adiponectin levels
- Adiponectin in sub-Saharn women correlate with those observed in Caucasians with the exception of waist circumference.
- there was no increase in serum adiponectin levels in patients with Behcets Syndrome or Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Partial DNA sequences of defective insulin receptor gene in two sisters with elevatetd plasma adiponectin and leptin levels.
- Patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) had significantly lower adiponectin levels than those with normal glucose tolerance; plasma adiponectin levels were associated with IGT in multiple logistic regression analysis
- Role of adiponectin in mediating the insulin-sensitizing action of exercise by investigating changes in plasma adiponectin levels and tissue-specific adiponectin receptor expression.[REVIEW]
- Serum resistin concentrations were more strongly associated with aortic diameter than adipokines that are more intimately associated with adiposity in obesity and abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Adiponectin single nucleotide polymorphism 45 is positively correlated with the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Uygurs of Xinjiang, China.
- Circulating levels of visfatin and adiponectin are associated with endothelial dysfunction in all stages of chronic kidney disease, independently of inflammation and insulin resistance.
- low levels of adiponectin associated with obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and diabetes favor T-lymphocyte recruitment and contribute to adaptive immune response during atherogenesis
- A fragment of exon 3 of the adiponectin gene was amplified in PCR and screened for the Y111 H polymorphism in SSCP analysis, resulting in Y111 H heterozygote variant frequency of 0.01 in the whole cohort.
- Adiponectin was positively associated with ghrelin only in obese women without insulin resistance.
- Resuslts show that increased serum HMW-adiponectin by unknown mechanisms, at abstract least independent of WC, might help protect against renal and atherosclerosis risks in macroalbuminuric MS-.
- high molecular weight adiponectin and the HMW/total-adiponectin ratio inversely correlate with the extent of coronary artery disease in men
- These data support the theory that globular adiponectin but not full length adiponectin supports the cellular procoagulability via tissue factor upregulation.
- adiponectin and resistin levels are associated with birth weight with only adiponectin levels being reduced in small for gestational age children independently of gestational age
- Adiponectin correlated only with triglycerides and partially with HDL but not with LDL and total cholesterol in the study group of obese diabetic and obese non-diabetic subjects.
- Results show that high consumption of caffeine-containing coffee is associated with higher adiponectin and lower inflammatory marker concentrations.
- higher adiponectin levels were observed in AC/AC diplotypes compared to GG/GG carriers (P<0.0001). Genetic variations in the adiponectin gene affect abdominal fat gain over life span.
- Variation within the ADIPOQ gene promoter is directly associated with carotid Intima Media Thickness in healthy subjects and is independent of circulating adiponectin levels.
- Adiponectin levels are not independently associated with stroke or brain infarction
- Change in the HMW isoform reflects a change in total adiponectin level. Measurement of total and HMW adiponectin were equally useful in assessing metabolic risk in CAD patients
- reduced high-molecular-weight adiponectin and elevated high-sensitivity CRP are synergistically associated with the accumulation of metabolic disorders
- adiponectin decreases breast cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting the entry into S-phase without inducing apoptosis, and this inhibitory effect is mediated through adiponectin receptor 1
- adiponectin synthesis is increased in the visceral adipose tissue in men with coronary artery disease treated with pravastatin
- A decrease in serum adiponectin levels and an increase in serum CD146 may be closely associated with the development of arteriosclerosis obliterans, regardless of renal function.
- These results suggest adiponectin is member of the pattern-recognition family of defence collagens, able to bind target molecules and activate complement. It may therefore play an important role in innate immunity and autoimmune phenomena.
- Growth inhibition may be related to apoptosis since PARP cleavage was increased by Acrp30 in the ER-positive cell lines.
- A single nucleotide polymorphism in the adiponectin gene is associated with carotid artery plaques and may contribute to atheroggenesis in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Adiponectin is a powerful marker of diabetes risk in subjects at high risk for diabetes, even after adjustment for weight.
- Obese Korean male adolescents showed reduced adiponectin levels and increased inflammatory cytokines. Six weeks of jump rope exercise improved triglyceride and insulin sensitivity and increased adiponectin levels.
- Hypoxic stress is, at least partly, responsible for the reduction of serum adiponectin in severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
- The stability of adiponectin complexes highlights that the production and secretion of these forms from fat cells has a major influence on the circulating levels of each complex.
- Insulin resistance status is not associated with significantly lower levels of adiponectin in these South Asian women, in contrast to the Caucasian women.
- adipocytokines do not influence resting energy expenditure in adult women
- Adiponectin protects from myocardial contractile dysfunction and limits infarct size following ischaemia and reperfusion by a mechanism involving activation of AMPK and production of NO.
- Adiponectin is negatively associated with metabolic syndrome in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese independent of known confounders such as body mass index, physical activity and life habits.
- Adiponectin levels may identify people at risk for obesity-related complications and cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease.
- Maternal adiponectin serum concentrations are increased in preeclampsia and are positively associated with markers of insulin sensitivity and renal dysfunction. Adiponectin might be part of a physiological feedback mechanism improving insulin sensitivity
- SNPs +45G15G(T/G) and +276(G/T) in the ADIPOQ gene are associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Han Chinese women. SNP +276(G/T) may contribute to an impact of insulin levels and insulin resistance, which are implicated in the susceptibility for PCOS
- review: low levels of adiponectin associated with obesity favors the recruitment of T lymphocytes, which are key contributors to adaptive immune response during atherogenesis
- No evidence that an increase in saturated fatty acid content of the diet significantly worsened fasting serum adiponectin over a 3-week intervention period.
- metabolically obese normal weight subjects had higher concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (P < 0.05), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.05) and leptin (P < 0.05), and lower plasma adiponectin concentrations (P < 0.05)
- The aim of this systematic review is to assess the body of evidence critically for the effects of exercise on adiponectin levels [review]
- The relationship of adiponectin and leptin to body fat content and distribution in African Americans is dependent on sex. Although VAT and insulin sensitivity are significant determinants of adiponectin, VAT and percent body fat determine leptin
- adiponectin inhibits inflammatory reactions and protects against metabolic and cardiovascular diseases
- Adiponectin suppresses VEGF-stimulated endothelial cell migration via cAMP/PKA-dependent signalling.
- Concentrations of adiponectin were not correlated with levels of glycosylated hemoglobin in the obese diabetic and non-diabetic subjects examined.
- Menopause stages and FSH changes are associated with changes in levels of the metabolically active adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin) and ghrelin and these changes may be related to selected health outcomes observed in women at mid-life.
- Decreased levels of adiponectin and increased levels of hs-CRP and IL-1Ra are tightly associated with the components of metabolic syndrome
- The inhibitory effects of adiponectin on steroidogenesis are primarily localized to theca cells. The response of theca cells to adiponectin may be regulated by LH and IGF-I.
- Adiponectin protects the endothelial monolayer from Ang II or TNF-alpha-induced hyperpermeability by modulating microtubule and cytoskeleton stability via a cAMP/ PKA signaling cascade.
- Suggest that the status of hypoadiponectinemia is an independent correlate of excess arterial stiffness in asymptomatic young black adults.
- The relation of adiponectin and IL-6 with remission and metabolic status in type 1 diabetes transfers observations from in vitro and animal models into the human situation in vivo.
- High adiponectin plasma levels in severe insulin resistance have a 97% positive predictive value for insulin receptor dysfunction.
- specific profile of increased leptin and decreased adiponectin levels in intrauterine growth restriction mothers indicating a genetic predisposition for the development of insulin resistance
- Patients with significant Coronary artery disease (CAD) had lower plasma adiponectin concentrations than those without CAD
- SNPs 45TT and 276GT are significantly more prevalent in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease than in the general population; they are associated with blunted postprandial adiponectin response.
- Data show that globular adiponectin, acting via adiponectin receptor-1, inhibits leptin-stimulated oesophageal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation.(
- Total adiponectin and high molecular weight adiponectin were decreased in newly diagnosed end-stage renal disease patients after 1 year of peritoneal dialysis.
- The C-11377G alteration in the ADIPOQ gene is associated with increased diabetes risk in a Cuban Hispanic cohort.
- There is a strong association of the adiponectin SNP276 genotypes and the adiponectin 45-276 haplotypes with circulating adiponectin concentrations in non-diabetic Korean women
- provide novel evidence that the secreted liver protein fetuin-A induces low-grade inflammation and represses adiponectin production in animals and in humans
- Assessing the association of adiponectin with placental growth and fetal weight-to-placental weight ratio index in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes.
- High rather than low adiponectin independently predict total mortality in hemodialysis patients.
- Adiponectin levels predict the progression from macroalbuminuria to end-stage renal disease in type 1 diabetic patients.
- An increase in adiponectin level due to a decrease in estradiol results in a reduction in monocyte chemotactic protein-1 level in postmenopausal women
- increased leptin and decreased adiponectin levels were present in subjects with restenosis
- Combination of CRP and HMW-adiponectin reflects further metabolic abnormalities compared with each of them in type 2 diabetic subjects.
- Adiponectin concentration is a familial trait in normal-weight individuals, that it decreases when challenged by positive energy balance.
- Chronic pancreatitis in humans does not affect serum adiponectin levels.
- Our results show that adiponectin level and markers of low-grade inflammation are related to insulin sensitivity.
- Regression analyses revealed that the androidal-to-gynoidal fat mass ratio (18.0%), age (3.2%), and white blood cell count (1.8%) accounted for 28% of the variability in adiponectin.
- Serum adiponectin level was decreased and serum CRP and TNF-alpha levels were increased in obese children. Our findings suggest that childhood obesity is associated with inflammatory processes.
- Evidence of linkage for fasting plasma adiponectin levels as a determinant of obesity-related metabolic diseases has been identified on chromosome 15q21.1.
- Globular adiponectin induces platelet activation through the collagen receptor GPVI-Fc receptor gamma chain complex
- Decreased circulating levels of adiponectin is associated with advanced lung cancer
- CNTF-induced hypophagia and weight loss result in significantly upregulated serum adiponectin levels and AdipoR1 mRNA
- These data suggest that the adiponectin allele 45T/G and -11377C/G polymorphisms are significantly associated with the therapeutic efficacy of multiple-dose rosiglitazone in Chinese patients with T2D.
- These results suggest that adiponectin is a key regulator of albuminuria, likely acting through the AMPK pathway to modulate oxidant stress in podocytes.
- This preliminary study provides the first evidence of significantly higher adiponectin serum levels in male patients with pollen-induced allergic rhinitis as compared to normal male subjects
- Although associated with visceral fat, serum RBP4 and adiponectin levels do not play important, fat-mass-independent primary roles in the development of PCOS.
- stimulates osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and maintains bone mineral density.
- Adipo(-/-) mice showed impaired insulin signaling in the liver to cause hepatic insulin resistance.
- Association between functionally relevant variants of the adiponectin pathway and breast cancer risk.
- Among Asian Indians there is an association of +10211T-->G polymorphism in the first intron of the adiponectin gene with type 2 diabetes, obesity and hypoadiponectinemia.
- In overweight/obese postmenopausal women fat distribution does not affect adiponectin production
- Thyroid hormone might influence circulating levels of adiponectin.
- Direct influence of adiponectin on left ventricular mass index.
- adiponectin and its isoforms do not correlate with severity of coronary artery disease, but with undiagnosed defects of glucose metabolism
- Serum adiponectin levels are increased in women chronic daily headache (CDH) sufferers
- Adiponectin may be involved in bone metabolism, independently of fat mass and insulin resistance in elderly post-menopausal women.
- The severity of glucose intolerance in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with high RBP4 and low adiponectin concentrations.
- predictive value of serum adiponectin levels and 8 adiponectin gene polymorphisms for mortality, cardiovascular events and end-stage renal disease in type I diabetic patients
- Moderate alcohol consumption for 6 weeks improves insulin sensitivity, adiponectin levels and lipid profile in postmenopausal women.
- calcium promotes the formation of HMW adiponectin, and calcium sequestration decreases HMW adiponectin
- Adiponectin downregulated MCP-1 production by proximal tubular cells.Urinary adiponectin is present in proteinuric patients, and has the potential to activate AdipoR within the nephron
- Eight tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) in the ADIPOQ gene and promoter were selected, and association with serum adiponectin were tested in female populations, but no significant allelic effects on promoter activity were found.
- Adiponectin protects against endothelial dysfunction and cellular disruption induced by oxLDL, with this effect being due, in part, to maintenance of intracellular GSH levels.
- High molecular weight adiponectin may protect against inflammatory stimuli via NF-kappaB. Cleavage of adiponectin at inflammatory sites might enhance the inflammatory process via NF-kappaB.
- Adiponectin may against exercise-induced hypoglycemia by directly enhancing the oxidation of alternate fuel in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents.
- APM1 SNP T45G is associated with T2DM risk, and the GG genotype may be a genetic risk factor of T2DM in Han population of Hubei Province.
- study concluded that hyperglycaemia &/or hyperinsulinaemi per se regulated concentration & expression of leptin, adiponectin & acylation-stimulating protein in healthy lean young men, suggesting contribution to dysregulation of these hormones in diabetes
- in elderly Italian men serum adiponectin was positively associated with bone alkaline phosphatase
- Leptin and adiponectin were independently associated with insulin sensitivity, but not with insulin secretion or beta-cell function.
- Ezetimibe, a Selective Inhibitor of the Transport of Cholesterol 1165-1170 Hyperuricemia is significantly associated with visceral fat accumulation and reduced serum adiponectin levels in Japanese men
- after multivariate adjustment, fruit consumption is related to HMW adiponectin in both linear and nonlinear models
- Results showed that serum ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, and IGF-I play important roles in cachexia-related gastric cancers.
- In adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes but not in boys, adiponectin levels increase with increasing urine albumin excretion and onset of microalbuminuria.
- Hypoadiponectinemia & elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels were closely associated with metabolic syndrome & its components, inverse relationship was present between adiponectin & PAI-1 levels in metabolic syndrome.
- Adiponectin blocks interleukin-18-mediated endothelial cell death via APPL1-dependent AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and IKK/NF-kappaB/PTEN suppression.
- Although adiponectin was a negative determinant of BMD in two independent cohorts, it was not associated with fracture risk in men.
- results support the hypothesis that adiponectin in epicardial adipose tissue is actively implicated in global cardiovascular risk
- In chronic HCV, reciprocal association exists between body mass index, adiponectin, and anti-HCV immune responses, emphasizing the important role played by adiposity in regulating immune response in HCV infection.
- Plasma adiponectin and leptin are expected as contributors related to dyslipidemia, suggesting these may be targets of prevention of vascular diseases in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
- ADPN was significantly negatively correlated with procollagen type I carboxyterminal propeptide.
- gAcrp treatment profoundly suppressed the ability of LPS to increase TNF-alpha transcription and reduced the stimulus-induced stabilization of TNF-alpha mRNA in response to LPS.
- inhibition of NF-kappaB through stabilization of IkappaB-alpha and activation of Akt phosphorylation may mediate the inhibitory effect of Adp on TF expression
- Effects of nine-month therapy with atypical antipsychotic drugs an blood adiponectin in schizophrenic patient.
- Gestational diabetes is a state of insulin resistance associated with altered levels of proinflammatory cytokines, increased IL-1beta and decreased adiponectin values.
- Relationship between excess adiposity and adiponectin levels is inconsistent in Turkish adults.
- data suggest that adiponectin might elicit its antitumor activities at least partially through promoting Wnt inhibitory factor-1 expressions
- The plasma adiponectin level increased along with an increase of plasma BNP in healthy subjects independently of other confounding factors, demonstrating that adiponectin reflects cardiac function.
- The role of genetic polymorphism at the adipoQ locus on insulin sensivity in response to dietary fat is reported.
- a low adiponectin state is associated with metabolic abnormalities in obese children, particularly depending on apolipoprotein E phenotype
- A clear sexual dimorphism of total adiponectin and its multimers in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia was observed.
- Adiponectin levels are associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in two different regulatory regions whereas diabetes incidence and time-averaged fasting glucose are associated with a missense SNP of adiponectin.
- Adiponectin is an important factor in the development of, or protection against, type 2 diabetes mellitus in obesity.
- in patients with rheumatoid arthritis high-grade inflammation was independently and negatively correlated with circulating adiponectin concentrations; low adiponectin levels clustered with metabolic syndrome
- significant relationship between concentrations of HMW-ad & leptin in cord blood controlling for sex, gestational age & birth weight. results show that HMW-ad exists as half of T-ad in cord blood. Leptin & HMW-ad may regulate synergistically fetal growth
- The SNP rs266729, which tags the 5' flanking region of the ADIPOQ gene, is associated with decreased colorectal cancer risk.
- upregulation of genes with known growth inhibitory or apoptotic functions in mammary epithelial cells might contribute to the protective action of adiponectin
- Children with diabetes are characterized by a higher concentration of protective adiponectin and paradoxically lower blood concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine and homocysteine compared to healthy children.
- In the nondiabetic population, smoking associates differently with subclinical inflammation between genders, with a decreased adiponectin level in women and with an increased hs-CRP level in men.
- Results describe the correlations between the plasma levels of adiponectin and two markers of inflammation: lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and myeloperoxidase (MPO).
- Carriage of the A allele therefore confers protection from weight regain, and the effect is particularly evident 32-60 weeks after the dietary intervention, when improvement in GG subjects had disappeared.
- This illustrates that the ratio of gAcrp30 to leptin as well as the estrogen receptor status of the cells can be determinants in Brca growth.
- adiponectin rs17300539 G>A variant is associated with nephropathy risk in diabetes mellitus type 1 patients
- it appears that the influence of plasma ghrelin, adiponectin, and leptin levels on bone mineral mass and bone mineral density values is mediated or confounded by the specific body composition parameters in healthy postmenopausal women
- the novel platelet agonist globular adiponectin (gAd) stimulates the NO-independent cGMP-protein kinase G signaling cascade, resulting in a dose- and time-dependent increase in phospho-VASP
- Serum adiponectin could be associated with bone mineral density and turnover and clinically useful for assessing the risk of vertebral fractures in type 2 diabetic men
- High plasma adiponectin and resistin levels were predictors for all-cause mortality independent of other risk factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
- Direct inhibitory effect of androgen excess on adiponectin secretion by adipocytes in obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients.
- adiponectin revealed a positive correlation with leptin and ghrelin suggesting an interaction between these hormones in the placenta in small for gestational age infants.
- These findings suggest that adiponectin contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
- Adiponectin protected HepG2 cells from free faty acids-triggered CD95/Fas expression and induction of apoptosis.
- Results suggest that alterations of PPARgamma, adipose triglyceride lipase, adiponectin and visfatin may contribute to the development of insulin resistance mediated by TNF-alpha.
- Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with decreased serum adiponectin levels both in pregnancy as well as postpartum.
- Polymorphisms in the IL6, LEPR, TNF and ADIPOQ genes are not associated with prostate cancer, while allelic variants in the LEP gene are related to prostate cancer risk, supporting a role for leptin in prostate carcinogenesis
- In whites, six SNPs in ADIPOQ, one SNP in ADIPOR1 and one SNP in ADIPOR2 were associated with insulin sensitivity at the P<0.05 level.
- bone mineral density is negatively associated with the adiponectin levels in men older than 60 years and this relationship is greater in those men with BMI >27, which suggests a plausible connection between bone and fat tissue
- Paper reviews the regulation of adiponectin, its effect on body mass, glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk in infants, children and adolescents.
- Although low adiponectin was a determinant of increased peripheral arterial stiffness, it only explained a small part of the association between body fat and peripheral arterial stiffness
- Associations among waist, adiponectin, and insulin sensitivity at mean age 15 and 19 show that adiponectin may contribute to the association of waist and insulin sensitivity.
- Adiponectin expression by lung epithelium may modulate the inflammatory response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through autocrine or paracrine pathways.
- Adiponectin has the characteristics of a AMPK-dependent growth inhibitor that is deficient in obesity, and this may contribute to the adverse effects of obesity on neoplastic disease.
- Female sex steroids are likely to affect insulin sensitivity through modulation of adiponectin and body fat
- Despite similar body composition in the 2 groups, the plasma adiponectin concentrations in Koreans were significantly lower than those in whites in men, women, and total subgroups
- infants' total adiponectin to leptin ratio correlated significantly with the change in body weight from birth to mid-infancy
- Longitudinally, measuring high molecular weight adiponectin is efficient to predict the progression to metabolic syndrome compared with measuring total adiponectin.