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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for CA9(NM_001216.2) Search again
Product ID:
HQP018668
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
CAIX, MN
Gene Description:
carbonic anhydrase 9
Target Gene Accession:
NM_001216.2(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA IX is a transmembrane protein and the only tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme known. It is expressed in all clear-cell renal cell carcinoma, but is not detected in normal kidney or most other normal tissues. It may be involved in cell proliferation and transformation. This gene was mapped to 17q21.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization, however, radiation hybrid mapping localized it to 9p13-p12. [provided by RefSeq].
Gene References into function
- Human CA IX was very strongly inhibited by three classic sulfonamides and cyanate
- CA9 might be a marker of clinically important hypoxia.
- The methylation status of the G250 gene correlates with G250 expression in vitro but not in vivo.
- Lowered oxygen tension induces expression of the hypoxia marker MN/carbonic anhydrase IX in the absence of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha stabilization: a role for phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase.
- mCA IX is a marker of tumor cell hypoxia, and absence of CA IX staining close to microvessels suggests that these vessels are functionally active; pCA IX expression is representative of an aggressive phenotype
- This enzyme is an independent predictor for survival in advanced renal clear cell carcinoma.
- Expression of the hypoxia marker carbonic anhydrase IX is critically dependent on SP1 activity.
- The variations observed in the CA IX levels support the concept that gastric adenomas and carcinomas are distinct entities and do not represent progressive steps of a single pathway.
- CA9 is detectable in breast tumor and associated with resistance to both adjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy
- No correlation between CA IX expression and tumor pO(2) levels or patient outcome in locally advanced carcinomas of the cervix.
- significantly higher rate of strong CA IX expression in non-invasive cancers influences survival data
- HIF-1alpha and Sp1, in combination with CBP/p300, are crucial elements for G250MN expression in ccRCC, and CAIXG250 can be regarded as a unique HIF-1alpha target gene in ccRCC.
- upon activation by DNA damage, wt p53 mediates an accelerated degradation of HIF-1alpha protein, resulting in reduced activation of CA9 transcription and, correspondingly, decreased levels of CA9 protein
- CAIX has a role in progression of high-grade soft tissue sarcoma
- tumors with higher redox state exhibited an algebraically lower CA IX expression
- Cell hypoxia activates the capacity of tumor-associated CA9 to acidify extracellular pH.
- Increased carbonic anhydrase IX is associated with non-small cell lung cancer
- CA9 is expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, suggesting the presence of a population of tumor cells under intermediate hypoxic conditions which still has proliferative capacity
- Expressed in a high percentage of human cancers derived from tissues which are normally CA IX-negative.
- MAPK cascade is involved in the regulation of CA9 gene expression under both hypoxia and high cell density.
- Isothiocyanato sulfonamide thioureas inhibit this enzyme.
- CA IX and GLUT 1 as well as VEGF and IL 6 have roles in response of in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to radiotherapy +/- chemotherapy
- The interplay between the functional von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor and CA IX/CA XII in colorectal tumors seems rather complex and is not evident merely at the expression levels.
- potential value of CA9 as a molecular marker for the assessment of regional lymph node status in vulvar cancer patients
- HIF-1alpha and CA IX, but not VEGF or MMP-9, may have a role in progression of surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer
- Coexpression of HIF-1alpha and CAIX in the epithelium in phyllodes tumors points to epithelial hypoxia, most probably caused by relatively distant blood vessels.
- Data indicate expression of Carbonic anhydrase IX does not correlate with the oxygenation status.
- Collectively these findings establish the importance of intracellular ascorbate levels for the regulation of expression of CA IX and NDRG1/Cap43.
- The strong correlation between CA9 expression and metastasis suggests that CA9 expression might be an important indicator for identifying patients who require more aggressive systemic therapy.
- High levels of carbonic anhydrase IX is associated with astrocytoma
- High carbonic anhydrase IX expression is associated with non-small cell lung cancers
- Immunohistochemical carbonic anhydrase IX staining in human malignant glioma specimens can result from low oxygen concentrations or constitutive, oncogene-related, overexpression both of which may be prognostically relevant.
- CAIX expression in breast cancer patients shows a negative predictive role of treatment efficacy in estrogen receptor-positive patients.
- Acidosis increases the CA IX expression via a hypoxia-independent mechanism that operates through modulation of the basic CA9 transcriptional machinery.
- carbonic anhydrase 9 expression is associated with anaplastic phenotypes in meningiomas
- Overexpression of carbonic anhydrase IX is associated with breast carcinomas
- evidence CAIX expression in astrocytic glioma is related to HIF-1alpha & VEGF & associated with extent of necrosis, grade, proliferative potential & morphometric characteristics of microvessels; may be used as prognostic indicator in diffuse astrocytoma
- study confirms that the expression level of CA9 gene in conventional renal cell carcinoma is related to metastasis
- The role of protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, HIF-2alpha, carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas.
- MN/CA9 gene expression was detected in 53/59 (89.8%) pleural effusions from cancer patients (15/16 breast cancers, 10/11 lung cancers, 4/4 ovary cancers, 2/3 colon-rectal cancers, 5/6 cancers of unknown site, 7/8 mesothelioma & 10/11 other cancers)
- CAIX can bind to some Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchangers to form a bicarbonate transport metabolon.
- Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) are markers of cellular hypoxia.
- in bladder cancer, no significant correlation was shown between the overall carbonic anhydrase IX(CA IX) status and the initial response to radiotherapy, 5-year cancer-specific survival or time to local recurrence
- high levels of the hypoxia regulated proteins HIF1alpha and CA9 in HNC predict resistance to platinum based radio-chemotherapy.
- CA IX expression seems to be very high in most cases of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer; CA IX could be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in HNPCC.
- CAIX was inferior to pO2 measurements as a tool for patient stratification. Improved analytical methods to account for intratumoral heterogeneity are needed to provide reliable measurements of molecular markers.
- description of an alternative splicing variant of the CA9 mRNA, which does not contain exons 8-9 & is expressed in tumour cells independently of hypoxia; data indicate that the splicing variant can functionally interfere with the full-length CA IX
- IL-6 induced Notch-3-dependent upregulation of the carbonic anhydrase IX gene and promoted a hypoxia-resistant/invasive phenotype in MCF-7 cells and MS.
- CA IX was proved to be an independent prognostic indicator in oligodendroglial brain tumors, and it also correlates reversely with cell proliferation
- A role for CA9 as an endogenous marker of tumor hypoxia is currently not supported by available clinical data.
- Carbonic anhydrase (CA) XII as well as CA IX participate in pH regulation, which is important for survival of hypoxic cancer cells. Both enzymes are therefore promising targetable therapeutic molecules. [Review]
- Carbonic anhydrase IX plays an important role in acidification of the external cell matrix, and as a potential marker of hypoxic tumor and therapeutic target. [Review]
- CA9 demonstrated significant associations with disease recurrence and poor clinical outcome and shows potential as a prognostic factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
- Low CA-IX expression and absence of VHL mutation being associated with a poor clinicopathological phenotype and diminished survival.
- Diffusion-reaction modeling indicates that CA9 coordinates pH(i) spatially by facilitating CO(2) diffusion in the unstirred extracellular space of the spheroid
- CSF1, EGFR, and CA IX have roles in increasing survival in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
- Low expression of CAIX and high expression of VEGF is associated with metastasis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
- Biochemical characterization of CA IX, one of the most active carbonic anhydrase isozymes.
- Poorer survival of HIF-2 alpha and CA9 stromal-positive CRCs was associated with wild-type TP53, but not with BNIP3 methylation
- findings show that CA9 is correlated with poor prognosis and malignant phenotype in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and was upregulated by hypoxia
- CA IX expression has potential diagnostic implications including (i) clear cell RCC versus chromophobe RCC and (ii) urothelial carcinoma versus collecting duct carcinoma.
- CA-9 expression by adenocarcinoma cells may confer long-term survival advantage in surgically treated rectal cancer.
- CA9 has chaperone-like functions and CA9 shed from tumors may play a direct role in stimulating an adaptive immune response
- CAIX is upregulated in basal-like breast tumours and is associated with resistance to chemotherapy.