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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for TOP2A(NM_001067.3) Search again
Product ID:
HQP018172
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
TOP2, TOP2alpha, TOPIIA, TP2A
Gene Description:
DNA topoisomerase II alpha
Target Gene Accession:
NM_001067.3(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. This nuclear enzyme is involved in processes such as chromosome condensation, chromatid separation, and the relief of torsional stress that occurs during DNA transcription and replication. It catalyzes the transient breaking and rejoining of two strands of duplex DNA which allows the strands to pass through one another, thus altering the topology of DNA. Two forms of this enzyme exist as likely products of a gene duplication event. The gene encoding this form, alpha, is localized to chromsome 17 and the beta gene is localized to chromosome 3. The gene encoding this enzyme functions as the target for several anticancer agents and a variety of mutations in this gene have been associated with the development of drug resistance. Reduced activity of this enzyme may also play a role in ataxia-telangiectasia. [provided by RefSeq].
Gene References into function
- The heat-induced transition of TOP2A requires both Mg2+ and DNA, is stable for several hours and leads to loss of DNA strand activity. A second transition correlates with a drop in the level of DNA scission, followed by religation at high temperatures.
- increased expression appears to be part of malignant cells' phenotype in recurrent colon cancers
- topo II is not an immobile, structural component of the chromosomal scaffold or the interphase karyoskeleton, but rather a dynamic interaction partner of such structures.
- The role of topoisomerase II in the excision of DNA loop domains during apoptosis.
- Topoisomerase II alpha represents a reliable alternative to monoclonal antibody MIB-1 as a proliferation marker in human meningiomas.
- Overexpression of topoisomerase IIalpha induced by mutant p53 is associated with aggressive carcinogenesis in non-small cell lung carcinoma
- Transcriptional regulation of the human topoisomerase IIalpha gene
- Redox control of cell cycle-coupled topoisomerase II alpha gene expression
- The ATP-operated clamp of human DNA topoisomerase IIalpha: model for DNA-dependent ATPase activity.
- presence of dna topoisomerase II in different testicular tumor types
- Co-localizes with centromere activity and proteins within a subdomain of the major human X chromosome array
- Topoisomerase II-alpha expression in rectal epithelium has a significant circadian variation and giving topoisomerase II-targeted chemotherapeutic agents at the proper time of day might reduce their mucositis side effects.
- Topo IIalpha may provide crucial information regarding selection of adenohypophyseal tumors responsive to antineoplastic therapy, such as invasive pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas, which exhibit a high Topo IIalpha index.
- promoter elements responsible for transcriptional inhibition of polo-like kinase 1 and topoisomerase IIalpha genes by p21(WAF1/CIP1/SDI1)
- A heterodimer of this protein with only one ATP binding site can go through successive catalytic cycles
- Phosphorylation of serine 1106 in the catalytic domain of this enzyme regulates enzymatic activity and drug sensitivity.
- Thr792 in human TOP2 alpha is involved in enzyme catalysis
- Analysis of TOP2A gene amplification and gene overexpression in newly diagnosed childhood ALL cases and inverse correlation with glucocorticoid resistance
- induction of topoisomerase IIalpha expression by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands via DR1-like site is an important mechanism for the enhancement of etoposide-induced apoptosis
- topoisomerase II is actively exported from the nuclease and is mediated by a CRM1-dependent pathway
- Results suggest that topo IIalpha-depleted cells with the droplet-like nuclear structure induce apoptosis, which is dependent on caspase and p53 activity during the G1 phase in mammalian cells.
- data suggest that HER-2 amplifications are frequently linked to alterations of the TOP2A gene in bladder cancer
- demonstrated that neither A or B isoform has any preference for a specific DNA conformation as substrate under the conditions used in these experiments
- Amplification and deletion of topoisomerase IIalpha gene (TOP2A) is common in breast neoplasms and may account for both sensitivity and resistance to topoII-inhibitor-chemotherapy.
- Topoisomerase IIalpha activity concentrates at heterochromatin during interphase and mitosis.
- Topo-II alpha is a useful marker for diagnosing liposarcoma.
- overexpression of topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha is associated with gastric cancer
- Chromosomes were condensed and aligned at metaphase in topo IIalpha-knockdown cells.
- alterations in the ATP binding domain of the enzyme are capable of altering the interactions of TOP2A with DNA
- UVA-modified DNA is preferentially targeted and processed by topoisomerase IIalpha and IIbeta.
- topo IIalpha destabilization depends on the newly identified domain, GRDD (glucose-regulated destruction domain), which was mapped to the N-terminal 70-170 amino acid sequence
- 1,4-benzoquinone stimulated DNA cleavage by topoisomerase IIalpha in cultured human cells
- review commentary on TOP2A as a proliferation marker, indicator of drug sensitivity, and prognostic factor in mantle cell lymphoma
- Increased expression of DNA topoisomerase II alpha is associated with female breast cancer
- topoIIalpha plays an essential catalytic role in chromosome segregation that cannot be complemented by topoIIbeta
- Human topoisomerase II alpha appears to ligate the two scissile bonds of a DNA cleavage site in a nonconcerted fashion.
- Cisplatin was shown to strongly inhibit the decatenation and relaxation activity of isolated human DNA topoisomerase IIalpha.
- low-level amplification of TIIalpha gene locus may be sporadic mechanism of increased TIIalpha protein expression in pediatric non-brainstem glioma, which can coincide with low-level amplification of Her-2/neu
- topo2a and HER-2 status might have therapeutic and prognostic implications.
- We show that a R162K mutation in human topoisomerase II alpha renders this enzyme highly resistant towards vanadate while having little effect on bisdioxopiperazine sensitivity.
- Further analysis of purified virus showed that HIV-1 virion contained topoisomerase II isoform-specific kinase activities, which were partially isolated
- C-terminal domain of human topoisomerase IIalpha appears to play significant roles in modulating the DNA cleavage/ligation reaction of the enzyme and its response to anticancer agents.
- topoisomerase IIalpha relaxes positively supercoiled plasmids >10-fold faster than negatively supercoiled molecules
- Data suggests that the alpha(2)HTH module once separated from the whole protein conserves a compact conformation, integral to specific dimerization and DNA recognition.
- Topoisomerase IIa amplifications and deletions are associated with the efficacy of epirubicin in the adjuvant setting of breast cancer patients
- INER-37 cell line is the first cancer cell line reported with an innate mutation affecting the 3'-end region of the topo II alpha gene that confers a cytoplasmic localization of the enzyme and therefore an increased resistance to etoposide
- TOP2A mRNA and protein expression in ovarian cancer exhibits specific patterns in tumor epithelial and adjacent stromal cells, which are differentially modulated after platinum-based chemotherapy
- Increased TopoII expression after neoadjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy is associated with relapses in breast tumors
- PKCdelta regulates topoisomerase IIalpha and thereby cell fate in the genotoxic stress response.
- 5/6 neuroblastoma cell lines contained 17q translocations, but the TOP2A gene was included in the translocated genetic material in only one of the cell lines. TOP2A gene dosage does not correlate with topoisomerase IIalpha protein expression level.
- Topoisomerase II alpha and beta isoforms are present in the pre-integration complexes, suggesting their significant role in HIV-1 replication.
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate amplification of topoisomerase IIalpha (TOP2A) genes as predictors of response to chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. TOP2A gene amplification was present in 14 cases (16%).
- over-expression of topoisomerase IIalpha is significantly associated with progression from cervical neoplasm CIN2 to CIN3, being a late marker of cell proliferation
- topo IIalpha is a proliferation and also an apoptotic marker in atrophic OLP lesions and it might have a predictive value in oral lichen planus lesions prone to develop malignancy
- We conclude that topo II alpha and beta nuclear export is inhibited in proliferating cells so that these proteins do not shuttle.
- During early mitosis, protein phosphatase 2A was translocated from the nucleus, while CK2 remained in the nucleus until pro-metaphase thus permitting the formation of the mitotic protein monoclonal 2 phosphoepitope
- HIF-1alpha is inhibited by NSC 644221 in a process that is topoisomerase II-dependent
- Topo IIalpha and beta mRNA expression, but not the Topo IIalpha labeling index, might be a useful marker for sensitivity to etoposide in human malignant neuroepithelial tumors.
- There was a strong linear positive correlation between MCM6 label index and DNA Topo II alpha label index in the craniopharyngiomas studied.
- 40 breast carcinomas from BRCA1 mutation carriers and 40 sporadic breast carcinomas were examined for HER-2 and TOP2A amplification status
- Immunoreactivity for p16, MCM2, and TOP IIA was detected in only 76% of cases in low-grade squamous epitelial lesions (LSIL-s).
- The C-terminal region of human topoisomerase II alpha determines its isoform-specific functions in proliferating cells.
- The difference in DNA topoisomerase alpha labeling index between the low- and highgrade esthesioneuroblastoma was not statistically significant, but it was suggestive of a positive association.
- The ability of HMGB1 to interact with topoisomerase IIalpha and promote topoisomerase IIalpha binding to DNA suggests a mechanism by which HMGB1 stimulates the catalytic activity of the enzyme via enhancement of DNA cleavage.
- polysomy of chromosome 17 does not affect the ERBB2 expression and topoisomerase IIalpha mRNA expression is not related to gene status
- TOP2A status cannot be predicted from the HER-2 status and evaluation of the TOP2A status only in patients with HER-2 overexpression may lead to missing cases with TOP2A deletion with possible resistance to therapy in breast neoplasms.
- The sensitivity to depletion of topo IIalpha might be linked to structural alterations within the centromere domain, indicated by shortening of the distance across metaphase sister centromeres and persistence of PICH-coated connections.
- Topo IIalpha interacts with beta-catenin/T-cell factor-4 as a novel transcriptional co-activator in colorectal neoplasms.
- NK314 inhibited topoisomerase II activity and stabilized topoisomerase II-DNA cleavable complexes.
- A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity analysis of a new class of bisphenol TOP2A inhibitors is described.
- topoisomerase IIalpha is a novel physiological substrate for Plk3, and Plk1 and Plk3 play different roles in cell-cycle regulation.
- Data suggest that ubiquitination of topoisomerase IIalpha is dependent on oxidative stress, and that BRCA1 may be involved in the ubiquitination.
- Plk1-dependent phosphorylation regulates functions of DNA topoisomerase IIalpha in cell cycle progression
- topoisomerase IIalpha might be an effective chemotherapeutic target in advanced gallbladder carcinoma
- First detailed genome-wide characterisation of HER2/TOP2A-amplified breast cancers. The 17q12 amplicon is complex and harbours multiple genes that may be associated with breast cancer development and progression, and potentially therapeutic targets.
- TopoIIalpha was an independent adverse predictor of failure-free survival in Hodgkin's lymphoma.
- gliomas immunohistochemically express Topo-IIalpha that is correlated with PCNA expression, and which is significantly less frequent in long survivors
- Analysis of TOP2A aberrations suggests a differential benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with primary breast cancer, favoring treatment with epirubicin in patients with TOP2A amplifications, and perhaps deletions.
- ERCC1 was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor for survival in LD patients. No significant role was found for ERCC1, RRM1 and TopoIIalpha in ED patients.
- topoII-alpha could be a independent prognostic factor for a putative malignant transformation
- NK314 acts as a Top2alpha-specific poison in mammalian cells, with excellent potential as an efficacious and safe chemotherapeutic agent.
- APC has a role in the G2/M transition, potentially through association with topo IIalpha
- Critical interaction with the 3'-bridging atom of the scissile phosphate greatly accelerates rates of topoisomerase IIalpha-mediated DNA cleavage.
- The topoisomerase IIalpha introduces a single-stranded break at the hairpin loop formed by alpha satellite DNA in a reaction, where DNA ligation is partly uncoupled from the cleavage reaction.
- Somatostatin could induce cell cycle arrest in S phase and upregulate Topo IIalpha expression in gallbladder cancer cells
- Overexpression of topoisomerase IIalpha is associated with barrett's esophagus-associated high-grade dysplasia.
- expressions correlated with advance histological grading, microvascular invasion, and an early age onset of the malignancy
- findings suggest that high Topo II-alpha expression may be a useful indicator of tumor aggressiveness and poor outcome in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
- Clusters of positively charged amino acid residues in human topoisomerase II alpha are required for the enzyme to distinguish supercoil geometry during DNA relaxation; deletion of even the most C-terminal cluster abrogates this recognition.
- increase in both gene expression and gene copy number in Chinese patients with gastric carcinoma; gene amplification is associated with HER2 gene amplification
- HER2 and Topo IIalpha overexpression could be predictors of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in both the CEF and CMF arms.
- These results reveal an important role of Topo II in checkpoint activation and in the maintenance of genomic stability.
- Topoisomerase IIalpha overexpression is significantly associated with alterations in tumor behavior and response to drug treatment in colorectal cancer.