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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for STAR(NM_000349.2) Search again
Product ID:
HQP017762
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
STARD1
Gene Description:
steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
Target Gene Accession:
NM_000349.2(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
The protein encoded by this gene plays a key role in the acute regulation of steroid hormone synthesis by enhancing the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone. This protein permits the cleavage of cholesterol into pregnenolone by mediating the transport of cholesterol from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mutations in this gene are a cause of congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (CLAH), also called lipoid CAH. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 13.
Gene References into function
- StAR protein is an absolute requirement in the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis, the transfer of cholesterol into the mitochondria [review]
- StAR can transfer cholesterol between synthetic membranes without other protein components found in mitochondria
- StAR requires structural alterations to allow cholesterol binding, most evidently by C-terminal alpha-helix above U-shaped beta-barrel. Unfolding of helix probable and leads to 2% subpopulation of partially unfolded StAR.
- modulation of DAX-1 and steroidogenic factor-1 intracellular levels in granulosa cells suggests that these transcription factors could be involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase suppression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression
- Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in the normal human brain and intracranial tumors.
- hCG-stimulated steroidogenic response in the mid- and late luteal phase is correlated with increased StAR mRNA and protein abundance
- StAR binding protein binds StAR protein in cells and enhances the ability of StAR protein to promote syntheses of steroid hormones.
- increased histone H3 acetylation involving the EP2 receptor, protein kinase A, CREB, and CREB binding protein is responsible for PGE(2)-induced StAR gene activation in endometriotic stromal cells.
- angiotensin II-dependent activation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein transcription requires janus kinase 2 and calcium
- This mutation gives rise to a truncated StAR protein, which lacks an important N-terminal region and the entire lipid transfer domain.
- LRH-1 could be the major transcription factor responsible for the rapid and significant increase in ovarian StAR gene expression after ovulation.
- Mutated in congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia.
- Jak2 is novel pathway in Ang II-dependent activation of StAR expression and steroidogenesis in adrenocortical cells and is requirement for ongoing protein synthesis in Ang II-mediated StAR transcription.
- Studies summarized in this review describe the critical role of the StAR protein in the regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis.
- importance of StAR-dependent steroidogenesis during fetal development and early infancy. new, prevalent StAR mutation (L260P) for the Swiss population.
- presence of mature StAR in the luteal cell cytoplasm is consonant with the notion that StAR acts on the outer mitochondrial membrane to effect sterol import, and that StAR may interact with other cytoplasmic proteins involved in cholesterol metabolism
- StAR activity requires a pH-dependent molten globule transition on the OMM
- Results describe a novel cytosine/thymidine polymorphism of the human steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) gene promoter located 3 bp downstream of the steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1)-binding site and 9 bp upstream of the TATA box (ATTTAAG).
- three-dimensional atomic models of the StART domains of metastatic lymph node 64 (MLN64) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) proteins in complex with cholesterol
- PPAR-gamma, insulin receptor with its signaling pathways, and StAR protein constitute a novel human ovarian regulatory system with complex interactions among its components
- StAR appears to act in concert with the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, but the precise itinerary of a cholesterol molecule entering the mitochondrion remains unclear.
- In most Palestinian cases of congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia, a founder c.201_202delCT mutation in StAR is the cause
- Cholesterol sulphate affects the production of steroid hormones by reducing StAR protein level in adrenocortical cells.
- phenotypic variations of 46, XX girls with mutations in the gene for StAR; majority of StAR 46,XX females developed irregular menses and ovarian cysts [review]
- No difference in StAR and P450scc protein levels in granulosa cells obtained from older low-responder in vitro fertilization patients with that of young good-responder patients.
- phosphorylated StAR interacts with voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) on the OMM, which then facilitates processing of the 37-kDa phospho-StAR to the 32-kDa intermediate.
- provide evidence for differential cholesterol binding of the two most closely related START domain proteins STARD1 and STARD3
- StAR can readily bind to cholesterol with an apparent affinity that commensurates with monomeric cholesterol solubility in water. The proper function of the C-terminal alpha-helix is essential for the binding process
- Orexin effects on StAR gene expression were primarily, but not exclusively, acting through the orexin receptor type 1.
- Cholesterol sulfate has an inhibitory effect on progesterone production by regulating the expression of StAR and P450scc gene expression.
- Data show that StAR mRNA was found throughout the whole adrenal cortex attached to adrenocortical adenomas, but not in the medulla.
- PGE(2)-induced StAR promoter activity appears to be regulated by CREB and C/EBPbeta in a cooperative manner in ectopic human endometriotic stromal cells, providing a molecular framework for the etiology of endometriosis.
- Differential expression of steroidogenic factors 1 and 2, cytochrome p450scc, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in the pancreas.
- Case Report: Conception and pregnancy outcome in a patient with 11-bp deletion of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene.
- both SF1 and LRH1 can transcriptionally cooperate with the AP-1 family members c-JUN and c-FOS, known to be associated with enhanced proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells, to further enhance activation of the STAR, HSD3B2, and CYP19A1 PII promoter