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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for IL21(NM_021803.1) Search again
Product ID:
HQP016102
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
CVID11, IL-21, Za11
Gene Description:
interleukin 21
Target Gene Accession:
NM_021803.1(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Gene References into function
- IL-21 rapidly induces mRNA synthesis for IFN-gamma, T-bet, IL-2 receptor alpha, IL-12 receptor beta 2, IL-18 receptor, and myeloid differentiation factor 88, the genes that are important in activating innate immunity and Th1 response in NK and T cells.
- Human IL-21 and IL-4 bind to partially overlapping epitopes of common gamma-chain.
- Synergistic interactions between IL-21, IL-15, and IL-18 play an important role in NK and T cell functions by enhancing IFN-gamma gene expression; IL-21 activates STAT DNA binding to IFN-gamma regulatory elements.
- identify a dichotomous action of IL21 and IL15 on dendritic cells, establishing IL-21 as inhibitory cytokine on DC activation and IL-15 as potent stimulator of DC function
- In addition to promoting growth and differentiation of committed B cells, IL-21 is a specific switch factor for the production of IgG1 and IgG3.
- Study of IL-21-transgenic mice establishes new roles for IL-21 in the differentiation of B cells into postswitch and plasma cells, in inducing Blimp-1 and Bcl-6 expression, and in development of autoimmune disease.
- Data show that the proximal promoter of IL-21 controls its Th-cell-subset-specific expression through the action of NFATc2 and T-bet.
- Our findings indicate that IL-21 may influence the production of both human IgE and IgG4, and thus contribute to the regulation of atopic reactions
- IL-21 prevents down-modulation of CD28 and enhances interferon-gamma production in naive CD8+ T cells that undergo IL-15- mediated homeostatic proliferation.
- A positive regulatory role is demonstrated for IL-21 in augmenting the induction of a primary antigen-specific human cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response
- In this review, IL-21 has pleiotropic actions, from augmenting the proliferation of T cells and driving the differentiation of B cells into memory cells and terminally differentiated plasma cells to augmenting the activity of natural killer cells.
- When B cells were stimulated thru the BCR, IL21 induced minimal proliferation, IgD down-modulation, and small numbers of plasma cells. After CD40 engagement, IL21 induced extensive proliferation, class switch recombination, & plasma cell differentiation
- the peak of IL-21 mRNA production in both the HSV-2 and LCMV-challenged mice coincides with the onset of the adaptive immune response. Thus, our data suggest a role for IL-21 in the early stages of adaptive immune response against virus infections.
- IL-21 is able to channel natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cell function by altering the expression pattern of activation/costimulatory receptors.
- IL-21, a cytokine produced by activated T cells, can directly inhibit the activation and cytokine production of myeloid dendritic cells, providing a negative feedback loop between DCs and T lymphocytes.
- IL-21 differentially regulates IL-4-induced IgE production, via its growth- and differentiation-promoting capacities on isotype- committed B cells, & via its ability to induce IFNg production; the outcome depends on the presence of a IL-21R polymorphism.
- IL-21 is a powerful growth factor for naive B cells; Stimulation of human B cells with CD40L/IL-21 also induced IL-10 production and activation of STAT3.
- the link between IL-21-induced JAK/STAT signaling, c-Myc regulation, and differentiation of human B cells
- IL-21 expression by in PBMCs reduced IgE production by B cells.
- intestinal epithelial cells are a target of IL-21 and that IL-21 is involved in the cross-talk between epithelial and immune cells in the gut
- IL-21 is overexpressed in Hp-infected gastric mucosa where it could contribute to increased epithelial gelatinase production.
- Data suggest a contribution of IL21 and IL21R to genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and possible involvement of IL-21 and its receptor system in the disease pathogenesis.
- IL-21 has a physiological role in immunity, infection, and cancer [review]
- Genetic variation in a linkage disequilibrium block encompassing the KIAA1109-TENR-IL2-IL21 genes predisposes to celiac disease.
- analysis and engineering of conformers of interleukin-21
- IL-21 induced apoptosis in follicular lymphoma cells expressing high levels of IL-21 receptor.
- occurrence of an unusual TG 3' splice site in intron 3
- there are some different regulatory mechanisms to produce IL-21 or IL-21iso in transcriptional and secretory steps.
- IL-21 produced from CD4(+) memory T cells may have a supportive role in the maintenance of CD4(+) T cell subsets.
- REVIEW:IL-21 is highly produced by activated CD4+ lymphocytes in the inflamed gut of patients with Crohn's disease, where it contributes to sustaining the ongoing Th1 inflammation
- IL-21 may play an important role in enhancing the host immune response of Sezary syndrome patients through the increased cytolytic activity of T and NK cells
- findings indicate that IL-21 polymorphism is a candidate association with SLE. The functional effects of this association, when revealed, might improve our understanding of the disease and provide new therapeutic targets
- can stimulate proliferation and cytokine secretion by antigen-specific rhesus monkey CD8+ T cells; IL-21 drives these cells to apoptosis by down-regulation of Bcl-2.
- In summary, IL-21 enhances IgE production at low densities through stimulating cell division and plasma cell differentiation and this activity is reduced upon BCR cross-linking.
- mechanism for IL-21-mediated expansion of antigen-specific CTLs that involves suppression of Foxp3-expressing cells and reversal of inhibition to tumor-associated antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell generation in
- IL-15 but not IL-21 caused an increased phosphorylation of Shc and ERK1/2.
- These data are the first to document that B cell activation, expansion, and PC differentiation induced by direct interaction of B cells with activated T cells requires IL-21
- IL-21 produced by TFH cells during the primary as well as the subsequent responses to T cell-dependent Ag makes a major contribution to eliciting and maintaining long-lived humoral immunity.
- In addition to its proapoptotic effect, IL-21 promoted STAT1 and STAT5 phosphorylation in natural killer cells with concurrent enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against rituximab-coated CLL cells
- These data suggest the existence of a positive autocrine loop that could help to amplify and stabilize IL-21-driven, T cell-mediated responses.
- IL-21-reduced gene and protein expression of growth-transforming EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) and increased expression of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of Epstein-Barr virus.
- STAT5 and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways collaborate in HL genesis
- Interleukin-21 is associated with IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies to erythrocyte-binding antigen-175 peptide 4 of Plasmodium falciparum in Gabonese children with acute falciparum malaria
- A significant association with the IL21 region was found in Scandinavian coeliac disease families.
- TGF-beta and IL-21 uniquely promote the differentiation of human naive CD4(+) T cells into T(H)17 cells accompanied by expression of the transcription factor RORC2
- IL-21 is involved in driving the pro-inflammatory cytokine response in RA.
- dynamic interplay between IL-4 and IL-21 in regulating the production of IgG subclasses and IgA
- Th2 cytokine IL-21 in Hodgkin lymphoma cells regulates STAT3 signaling and attracts Treg cells via regulation of MIP-3alpha
- IL-21 plays a global role in regulating T cell homeostasis
- Serum levels of IL-21 are significantly reduced in AIDS patients and correlate significantly with their CD4(+) T-cell counts.
- study provides evidence that IL21 is associated with atopic asthma, TsIgE and serum IL-21 levels
- IL-21 induces opposing effects on antigen-presenting cells and CD8(+) T cells
- we demonstrated that IL-21 induced clonogenicity through an autocrine IGF-1 secretion in human myeloma cell lines and primary myeloma cells