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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for RAC1(NM_006908.4) Search again
Product ID:
HQP016063
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
MIG5, MRD48, Rac-1, TC-25, p21-Rac1
Gene Description:
Rac family small GTPase 1
Target Gene Accession:
NM_006908.4(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase which belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq].
Gene References into function
- protein interaction mapping with guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Tiam1
- Our findings indicate that different signal cascades resulting in the activation of Rac1 ...can modulate the exocytotic process of neuroendocrine cells.
- Rac1 is required for capillary lumen formation by vascular endothelial cells in three-dimensional extracellular matrices
- role for the small GTPases Rac1 in the generation of skeletal muscle tumors.
- Interaction between p21-activated protein kinase and Rac during differentiation of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell
- Rac1 generates reactive oxygen species through beta-amyloid signaling
- Rac1 play essential role in regulating the formation of dendritic processes by dendritic cell
- proteasomal degradation of cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1-activated rac1
- These results demonstrate that Rho family small GTPases RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 are novel signal transducers for SP-stimulated IL-8 expression.
- Mechanism of regulation of WAVE1-induced actin nucleation by Rac1 and Nck: we propose that Rac1 and Nck cause dissociation of the WAVE1 complex, which releases active WAVE1-HSPC300 and leads to actin nucleation.
- Data show that arsenic trioxide induces activation of the small G-protein Rac1 and the alpha and beta isoforms of the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in several leukemia cell lines.
- Rac1 and Cdc42 are activated independent of RhoG
- role in pathway that promotes urokinase plasminogen activator mRNA stability in invasive breast cancer cells
- mechanism of IL-2-activated Rac1 regulation of Akt-dependent cell survival in NK cells
- DOCK2 associates with CrkL and regulates Rac1 in human leukemia cell lines
- Cdc42/Rac1-dependent activation of the p21-activated kinase (PAK) regulates human platelet lamellipodia spreading.
- RAC1-controlled cascades promoting lamellar protrusion are independent of MAPK activity and partially down-regulated by p-JNK.
- Rac/Cdc42-dependent activation of MAPK/ERK is a critical event in the immediate phagocytic response of PMNs to microbial challenge
- Adenoviral-mediated expression of the constitutively active allele of Rac1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells results in mitochondrial oxidative stress with induction of biochemical, molecular, and morphological features of senescence.
- The requirement for polyamines for intestinal epithelial cell migration is mediated through this protein.
- Data show that inhibition of endogenous RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 by their respective dominant negative mutants inhibits neurotensin-induced interleukin-8 protein production and promoter activity.
- Rac1 and superoxide play crucial roles in the regulation of expression of cell adhesion molecules in endothelial cells
- TRE17 coprecipitated specifically with the active forms of Cdc42 and Rac1 in vivo. TRE17 is part of a novel effector complex for Cdc42 and Rac1, potentially contributing to their effects on actin remodeling.
- The beta2 integrin-triggered relocalization of Rac1 to the cytoskeleton was enabled by a PI 3-kinase-induced dissociation of Rac1 from LyGDI
- AIF-1 binds and polymerizes F actin and also regulates Rac1 activity and vascular smooth muscle migration
- evid,ence that the small GTPases RhoA and Rac1 but not Cdc42, are directly associated with Tyk2 and PI3-K in an uPA/uPAR-dependent fashion and are necessary to mediate the uPA/uPAR-directed migration via the Tyk2/PI3-K signalling complex in human VSMC
- an enhanced activation of Rac1 in primary human schwannoma cells
- Rac1-dependent pathways that participate in Src-induced cell transformation are regulated by Vav2 and Tiam1
- Rac1 has a role in thrombospondin 2 regulation of cell growth via redox-dependent signaling
- C-terminal, hypervariable domain of Rac1 encodes two distinct binding motifs for signaling proteins and regulates intracellular targeting and differential signaling in a unique and non-redundant fashion
- Rho protein regulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK through translocation from the nucleus to the membrane
- Rac1, but not not Rac2 has a role in the human NADPH oxidase complex
- direct activation of Cdc42 and Rac1 by invasive Salmonella is a prerequisite of Salmonella-mediated death of U937 cells.
- Rac1 and RhoA bind to adherens junctions and myosin light chain during formation of capillary vascular network
- alternative splicing of Rac1 leads to a highly active Rac variant that differs in regulation and downstream signaling
- analysis of the interaction between the small G proteins Rac1 and RhoA and protein kinase C-related kinase 1
- bFGF- and NGF-induced phosphorylation of p85 betaPIX mediates Rac1 activation, which in turn regulates cytoskeletal reorganization at growth cones, but not translocation of the PIX complex.
- ROS such as superoxide and H(2)O(2) derived from Rac1-activated NADPH oxidase mediate TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 expression in endothelial cells
- cleavage of CD44 catalyzed by ADAM10 is augmented by the intracellular signaling elicited by engagement of CD44, through Rac1-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangement, and suggest that CD44 cleavage contributes to the migration and invasion of tumor cells
- Alternatively spliced Rac1b is able to bind the GTPase-binding domain of PAK but not full-length PAK in a GTP-dependent manner.
- data identified Rac1 as a key intermediate in Yersinia enterocolitica invasin-triggered IL-8 synthesis
- Rac1 activates Dbs at the pleckstrin homology domain
- Expression of either dominant-negative or constitutively active forms of RAC1 prevented lamellipodial formation.
- alterations of rac1 gene may contribute to tumorigenesis and/or metastasis
- Nef binds the DOCK2-ELMO1 complex to activate rac and inhibit lymphocyte chemotaxis
- down-regulation of the activity of this GTPase is a requirement for the regulation of T cell morphology and motility
- agonist-induced internalization of thromboxane A2 receptor beta was regulated by Nm23-H2 through modulation of Rac1 signaling
- rhoA and rac-1 participate in cell sensitivity to mechanical strain and lead to the modulation of the Erk pathway.
- Data suggest that hyaluronan-CD44 interaction with Rac1-protein kinase N gamma plays a pivotal role in phospholipase C gamma1-regulated calcium signaling and cortactin-cytoskeleton function required for keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion and differentiation
- cross-talk between Rac and Cdc42 GTPases regulates generation of reactive oxygen species
- lamellipodial protrusion in smooth muscle cells can be regulated by waves of Rac1 activation
- Rac-1 overexpression is a frequent occurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), highlighting the involvement of GTPase elements in the neoplastic growth of OSCC.
- activation of Rac1 leads to HIV-LTR trans-activation, mediated through TIRAP. Rac1 and TIRAP are important in TLR4 activation of HIV replication
- activated by HIV Env-coreceptor interactions during HIV-induced membrane fusion and cell-cell fusion
- Data support a mechanism by which active Rac1 promotes lymphoma cell survival and inhibits apoptosis in response to cancer chemotherapy drugs.
- a G protein-coupled receptor encoded by HHV8 activates Rac1, which links the viral GPCR to transcription factor activation
- novel phosphorylation-dependent function of Bam32 in regulating Rac1 activation and actin remodeling.
- Both Cdc42 & Rac1 control the transport of essential immunostimulatory molecules to the DC surface. Cdc42 and Rac1 signaling controls DC morphology and conditions DCs for efficient CD8(+) T cell stimulation.
- Coordination of both RhoA and Rac1 activity contributes to bronchial epithelial wound repair mechanisms in vitro.
- Our results suggest that Racl may be involved in angiogenesis by controlling the expression of angiogenesis-related factors.
- the activity of Rac1 is suppressed during cytokinesis, increasing at the plasma membrane of polar sides before the abscission of the daughter cells in both HeLa and Rat1A cells
- Rac1 activation is inhibited by SPRY2
- activation of Rac1 amplifies the signaling activity of stabilized/mutated beta-catenin by promoting its accumulation in the nucleus, and synergizing with beta-catenin to augment TCF/LEF-dependent gene transcription
- roles for Rac1 in early signal transduction and cytoskeletal rearrangement of T lymphocytes responding to chemokine.
- Rap1 promotes cell spreading by localizing a subset of Rac GEFs to sites of active lamellipodia extension
- The antagonistic roles of RhoA and Rac1 in cell motility/invasion and cytoskeletal organization in breast cancer may be due to their concerted action on NHE1 activity as a convergence point.
- ANP is a novel endogenous activator of endothelial Rac1.
- Rac1, PI3 kinase, and Akt3 have roles in an anti-apoptotic pathway triggered by ALS2 that antagonizes SOD1 mutant-induced motoneuronal cell death
- that Rac 1 activation accelerates the wound healing process and is associated with more efficient angiogenesis at the wound site.
- isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase regulates Rac1 activity by controlling the interaction of Rac1 with RhoGDI through TNFA
- a specific cross-talk between TGF-beta1 and fibronectin-binding integrin signal pathways leads to the activation of c-Src/Rac1/actin-organization, leading to changes in cell cycle regulator levels in hepatoma cells
- Rac1b, a splicing variant of Rac1, stimulates cell cycle progression and cell survival in pathways involving NF-kappaB.
- TrioN, a Dbl family GEF, activates Rac1 by facilitating GTP binding to, as well as stimulating GDP dissociation from, Rac1
- Rac1 plays a critical role in maintaining the surface expression of PAR1 and the responsiveness to thrombin in vascular smooth muscle cells
- Data suggest that ICAM-1 gene induction by TNFalpha and IL-6 is mediated mainly via NFkappaB and Stat3, respectively and Rac1 appears to play a central role in modulating cytokine-induced ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells.
- Activation of small RhoGTPases is a key step in the mechanism of epithelial mesemchymal transdifferentiation and likely to be a contributor to tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
- High frequency of overexpression of rac1 pseudogene was detected in the human brain tumors when compared with that expressed in the normal brain tissues
- functional analysis of Rac1 and Rac3 using RNA interference reveals a critical role for these GTPases in the invasive behavior of glioma and breast carcinoma cells
- Rac1 is required for aggregate integrity leading to thrombus formation under physiologically relevant levels of shear both in vitro and in vivo.
- S1P-induced recruitment of S1P1 to CEM fractions promotes PI3 kinase-mediated Tiam1/Rac1 activation required for alpha-actinin-1/4-regulated cortical actin rearrangement and EC barrier enhancement
- data suggest that E. coli K1 modulates the binding of Rac1, to PAK1 during the invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC)
- The results suggest that oncogenic K-Ras enhances the malignant phenotype and identify the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 as a target to inhibit oncogenic K-Ras-induced pancreatic tumor cell migration.
- results suggest a role for both the Rac1 and Rac3 GTPases in human breast cancer progression
- Results suggest that RhoG contributes to the regulation of Rac1 activity in migrating cells.
- Data show that alpha6 and alpha3 integrin subunits interact with laminin 5 to increase expression of E-cadherin, and suggest that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activation plays a key role in this cross-talk.
- Rac1 facilitated the recruitment of Nox2 into the endosomal compartment and subsequent redox-dependent recruitment of TRAF6 to the MyD88/IL-1R1 complex.
- EGF induces ADAM10-mediated CD44 cleavage through Rac1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and thereby promotes tumour cell migration and invasion.
- Activated rac1 and Cdc42 are involved in the hypoxia-induced production of angiogenesis-promoting factors and tumor suppressors, and suggest that the Rho family GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 may contribute to the hypoxia-mediated angiogenesis.
- activation of the c-Abl-PKCdelta-Rac1-p38 MAPK pathway in response to ionizing radiation signals conformational changes of Bak and Bax, resulting in mitochondrial activation-mediated apoptotic cell death in human non-small cell lung cancer cells
- Slit2 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell migration by suppressing small GTPase Rac1 activation.
- Rac1 interaction with beta-Pix (p21-activated kinase [Pak]-interacting exchange factor) is required for Rac1 activation by beta-Pix as well as for Rac1-mediated spreading
- Rac1 regulates both oxidases Nox1 and Nox3 through the Nox activators
- The roles of RAC1 and RAC1b in the RelB mediated transciption in 3 tumor cell lines are reported.
- An obligatory role for endogenous GIT2 in repression of lamellipodial extension and FA turnover by Rac1- and Cdc42-dependent signaling pathways, respectively, was demonstarted.
- These findings indicate for the first time that activation of geranylgeranylated proteins including RhoA and Rac1 is involved in type III GBS invasion of HBMEC and RhoA is upstream of Rac1 in GBS invasion of HBMEC.
- The upregulation of Rac-1 molecule might also play a role in the acquisition of dendritic cells mature phenotype.
- Rac1 is activated by murine leukemia virus particles in HeLa cells
- Rac1 is involved in Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbria-stimulated monocytic cell adhesion to human vascular endothelium and transendothelial migration in vitro.
- Rac1 directly participates in Nox1 activation via interacting with Noxa1.
- Rac1 and Rac2 have distinct roles in regulating cell morphology, migration and invasion, but are not essential for macrophage migration or chemotaxis.
- These findings suggest that PI3KC2beta regulates the migration and survival of human tumor cells by distinct molecular mechanisms.
- Rac1 (and not Rac2) is essential for Rho and myosin activation at the trailing edge to regulate uropod function
- Results suggest that ATP-mediated barrier protection is associated with cytoskeletal activation and is dependent on both Rac activation and cortactin.
- the polybasic motif specifically directs Rac1 to effect cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell migration by selective membrane phospholipid targeting
- Both the beta4 integrin ligand-binding and cytoplasmic domains together with epidermal growth factor were required for the synergistic activation of a Rac-dependent signaling pathway that was essential for keratinocyte directional migration.
- Akt1 and Akt2 have opposing roles in Rac/Pak signaling and cell migration
- Activation of Fn14 signaling by the ligand TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) stimulates migration and up-regulates expression of Fn14; this TWEAK effect requires Rac1 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity.
- TGF-beta "cross-links" the HER2/Vav2/Rac1/Pak1/actin/actinin complex at cell lamellipodia, prolonging Rac1 activation.
- Taken together, these results suggest that Dock4 plays an important role in the regulation of cell migration through activation of Rac1, and that RhoG is a key upstream regulator for Dock4.
- Rac1 inhibition in non-metastatic or moderately metastatic cells results in inhibition of migration, whereas in highly metastatic cells Rac1 inhibition results in stimulation of migration.
- Rho family GTPases play a distinct role in Salmonella-induced cellular responses.
- Src and Rac1 have roles in focal adhesion kinase and ERK mitogenic signaling in epithelial cells
- structure of the Rac1- phospholipase C (PLC)-beta2 complex reveals determinants that dictate selectivity of PLC-beta isozymes for Rac GTPases over other Rho-family GTPases
- DEF6 not only activates Rho-family GTPases but also cooperates with activated Rac1 to exert its cellular function
- These results suggest that ARF6 depletion or Ang II treatment are functionally equivalent and point to a role for endogenous ARF6 as an inhibitor of Rac1 activity.
- Localization of ezrin in adherens junctions is regulated by Rac1 in a manner involving PIPK.
- First step of the cell-penetrating peptide mechanism involves RAC1-dependent actin-network remodeling.
- The EGFR/Vav2/Rac1 axis is a crucial pathway for the acquisition of motile and invasive properties of most head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells.
- RAC1 and RAC3 have opposing functions in cell adhesion and differentiation of neuronal cells.
- Remedial strategies in structural proteomics were used for the expression, purification, and rystallization of the VAV1/RAC1 complex.
- RGS3L functions as a molecular switch, redirecting Gi-coupled receptors via Gbetagamma-dimers and PI3K from Rac1 to RhoA activation.
- Maspin controls mammary tumor cell migration through inhibiting Rac1 and Cdc42, but not the RhoA GTPase.
- loss of PTEN function in human prostate cancer may specifically facilitate bone rather than other organ metastasis and suggest that Rac1, as a PTEN effector, may contribute to this metastatic tropism.
- Signaling to the actin cytoskeleton by low and high concentrations of resveratrol may be differentially regulated by Rac and Cdc42.
- Transgenic Rac1 has a critical role in axon guidance and cell migration during differentiation of the ventral telecephalon.
- Study identified Crk adapter proteins, Rac1 and H-Ras, but not RhoA or Cdc42 as crucial components of the Helicobacter pylori CagA protein-induced phenotype.
- Proinvasive activity of BMP7 through SMAD4/src-independent and ERK/Rac/JNK-dependent signaling pathways in colon cancer cells is reported.
- OxPAPC promoted novel interactions between focal adhesion and adherens junction complexes via paxillin and beta-catenin association, which was critically dependent on Rac and Cdc42 activities.
- Results of this study suggest that the Rho-family GTPases are required for efficient invasion of HeLa cells by GBS.
- C. jejuni invade host target cells by a unique mechanism and the activation of the Rho GTPase members Rac1 and Cdc42 plays a crucial role in this entry process.
- Ang-1 phosphorylates Tie-2 and its downstream effector phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. This induces activation of one endogenous GTPase, Rac1, and inhibition of another, RhoA
- the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Ost has a role in negative regulation of receptor endocytosis by the small GTPase Rac1
- Adenovirus-induced activation of Rac1 enhances the ability of microtubules to "search and capture" incoming virus particles.
- Rac1 activates proliferation of normal fibroblasts through stimulation of c-myc phosphorylation without affecting ERK1/2 activity
- expression and activity levels of Rac1 were upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues
- Rac-1 GTPase-mediated reactive oxygen species production and on epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation
- We found that the effects of Rac1 silencing on keratinocytes differentiation are concomitant with negative regulation of the Ser62/Thr58 phosphorylation on the transcription factor c-myc.
- The potential role of Rac proteins in the proliferative and invasive behavior of rheumatoid arthritis-fibroblast-like synoviocytes.
- Results show the requirement of the small GTPase Rac1 activity to promote Listeria internalization.
- These observations unravel the interplay between beta-catenin and Rac1 that is initiated by T-Ag and results in stabilization of beta-catenin and its presence in cell membrane ruffles.
- Rac1 GTPase is involved in regulation of platelet secretion and aggregation
- Vav2 acts downstream of VEGF to activate Rac1.
- IQGAP1 regulates Salmonella invasion through interactions with actin, Rac1, and Cdc42
- FGFR-mediated phosphorylation of ephexin1 enhances the guanine nucleotide exchange activity toward RhoA without affecting the activity to Rac1 or Cdc42.
- CD44 is an important regulator of HGF/c-Met-mediated in vitro and in vivo barrier enhancement, a process with essential involvement of Tiam1, Rac1, dynamin 2, and cortactin.
- Results suggest that Rac1 plays a critical role in signalling transduction pathways relevant to colorectal tumour progression, such as activation of Wnt signalling, inhibition of TGF-beta signalling, and enhancement of metastasis-inducing genes.
- A novel mechanism is proposed in which alpha6beta4 integrin signaling via Rac1, 14-3-3 proteins, and SSH family members regulates cofilin activation, cell polarity, and matrix assembly, leading to specific epidermal cell migration behavior.
- the activation of Rac1 due to the cell-cell contact plays a critical role in the transcriptional up-regulation of p27Kip1 in vascular endothelial cells.
- These data indicate that Rac1 activity in FEMX cells regulates cell proliferation and invasion, in part via its effect on NFkappaB, signifying Rac1 as a key molecule in melanoma progression and metastasis.
- Binding of Rac1, Rnd1, and RhoD to a novel Rho GTPase interaction motif destabilizes dimerization of the plexin-B1 effector domain
- that Rac1 is an essential player for mediating the induction of cyclin D1 and p21(Cip1) by HRG in breast cancer cells
- In primary activated CD4(+) T cells, Rac1 and Rac2 were independently required for maximal TCR-induced apoptosis.
- The results presented here indicate that actin reorganization through FAK/PI3-K/Rac-1 activation operates in various human cancer cell systems supporting a functional role for FAK/PI-3K/Rac1/actin signaling in controlling cell motility.
- 16k PRL inhibits cell migration by blocking the Ras-Tiam1-Rac1-Pak1 signaling pathway in endothelial cells
- signaling pathway by which G(i)-coupled receptor specifically induces Rac and Cdc42 activation through direct interaction of Gbetagamma with FLJ00018.
- Theses results support a novel role for FPR stimulation in enhancing intestinal epithelial cell restitution through PI3K-dependent activation of Rac1 and Cdc42.
- These results suggest a novel mechanism of ANP protective effects against agonist-induced pulmonary endothelial cell barrier dysfunction via inhibition of Rho signaling by Epac/Rap1-Rac and PKA signaling cascades.
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent membrane recruitment of Rac-1 and p47phox is critical for alpha-platelet-derived growth factor receptor-induced production of reactive oxygen species.
- Findings suggest that Vav3/Rac 1 signaling is an important modulator of ligand-independent AR transcriptional activity in prostate cancer progression.
- HBV may possibly make use of an activated Rac1 signaling pathway for increased replication and resultant metastatic effects.
- These results suggest that S1P(2) receptors/G(12/13)-proteins/Rho signaling pathways mediate S1P-induced inhibition of glioma cell migration.
- JNK-dependent activation of Rac1 ubiquitination would create a regulatory loop allowing the cell to counteract excessive activation of Rac1 GTPase
- sFRP-1 can interact with Wnt receptors Frizzled 4 and 7 on endothelial cells to transduce downstream to cellular machineries requiring Rac-1 activity in cooperation with GSK-3beta
- CD147, via the selective inhibition of specific downstream elements of the Vav1/Rac1 route, contributes to the negative regulation of T-cell responses.
- a VAV1-Rac1-PAK1 signaling axis in mononuclear phagocytes regulating superoxide production in a stimulus-dependent manner.
- Rac1 has a critical role in colorectal tumor progression
- The Ang II/Rac1/STAT3 pathway is an important signaling pathway in the atrial myocardium to mediate atrial structural remodeling, and losartan and statin may be able to reverse Ang II-induced atrial structural remodeling in atrial fibrillation.
- This study showed that PTPalpha is required for remodeling of focal adhesion during cell spreading via a pathway involving Rac1.
- role of RHO GTPases RAC1 and CDC42 in PGE(2)-mediated migratory responses of extravillous trophoblast cells
- Identify chimaerins as candidates for the downmodulation of Rac1 in T-lymphocytes and, in addition, uncover a novel regulatory mechanism that mediates their activation in T-cells.
- Rac-1 coordinates changes in chondrocyte phenotype and function and stimulates the maturation process essential for skeletal development.
- TGFbeta1 stimulates CCN2 expression in human gingival fibroblasts through a RhoA-independent, Rac1/Cdc42-dependent mechanism
- Protein kinase C-epsilon regulates sphingosine 1-phosphate-mediated migration of human lung endothelial cells through activation of phospholipase D2, protein kinase C-zeta, and Rac1
- Novel mitogenic signaling pathway in airway smooth muscle cells leading from PDGF to Rac1 and cell cycle gene regulation.
- Data show that Cdc42- and Rac1-mediated endothelial lumen formation requires Pak2, Pak4 and Par3, and PKC-dependent signaling.
- Data investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying Rac1-induced destabilization of junctions and found activation of the Rac target PAK1 is necessary for destabilization of cell-cell contacts.
- Mapping of the Rac1 GTPase surface that contacts the Rho GTPase binding domain of plexin-B1 by NMR confirms the plexin domain as a GTPase effector protein and regions neighboring the GTPase switch I and II regions are also involved in the interaction.
- reorganization of subsarcolemmal cytoskeletal actin by activation of Rac1 through alpha and betaPIXs in skeletal muscle is mediatedby affixin
- The purpose of this study was to characterize the significance of Rho processes in the cellular cytoskeleton.
- Clathrin-independent endocytosis used by the IL-2 receptor is regulated by Rac1, Pak1 and Pak2.
- As(2)O(3) induced phosphorylation and membrane translocation of the NADPH oxidase subunit p47(phox) and it also increased translocation of Rac1 and p67(phox).
- We suggest that Rac1 plays a role in cellular migration not only limited to its known function in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, but also as part of the intracellular machinery that controls the redox balance.
- negative results suggested that variants of RAC1 gene did not influence the occurrence of non-syndromic mental retardation in Chinese children
- Data show that Rac1 plays a significant role in the pathological adhesion of Schwannoma cells.
- Exogenous hydrogen sulfide inhibits superoxide formation, NOX-1 expression and Rac1 activity in human vascular smooth muscle cells.
- Phospholipase D activity regulates integrin-mediated cell spreading and migration by inducing GTP-Rac translocation to the plasma membrane
- Rac1 activation specifically in membrane ruffles by the GEF FLJ00068 is sufficient for insulin induction of glucose uptake into skeletal-muscle cells.
- small GTPase Rac, a component of some NOXs, also interacts with and regulates the constitutively-expressed NOSs.
- a specific domain in Fas, topologically and functionally distinct from the death domain, which regulates neuritogenesis via recruitment of ezrin and activation of Rac1
- DOCK180 regulates CI-MPR trafficking via SNX5 and this function is independent of its guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity toward Rac1
- Rac1b and B-Raf(V600E) functionally cooperate to sustain colorectal cell viability and suggest they constitute an alternative survival pathway to oncogenic K-Ras.
- HIV-1 Env mdiated Rac-1 activatation is dependent on Galpha(q) activation.
- These data show, for the first time, that colorectal cells expressing alternative spliced Rac1b also depend on Rac1b signaling to sustain their survival.
- CCL2 stimulation of prostate cancer cells activates the small GTPase, Rac through the actin-associated protein PCNT1.
- Positive role of Tyr94 phosphorylation in EGF-induced Asef activation following the activation of Rac1.
- Rac1 regulates nitric oxide synthase type 2 (NOD2) trafficking and NOD2-dependent signal transduction in primary human monocytes and cell line THP-1.
- Rac regulates the interaction of fascin with active PKC.
- uPAR cooperates with integrin complexes containing beta(3) integrin to drive formation of the p130Cas-CrkII signaling complex and activation of Rac, resulting in a Rac-driven elongated-mesenchymal morphology, cell motility, and invasion.
- The DOCK180-ELMO1 interaction is mapped to the N-terminal 200 amino acids of DOCK180, and to the C-terminal 200 amino acids of ELMO1, comprising the ELMO1 PH domain.
- Confocal imaging of fluorescently labeled ZEBOV indicated that inhibition of PI3K, Akt, or Rac1 disrupted normal uptake of virus particles into cells and resulted in aberrant accumulation of virus into a cytosolic compartment
- PEDF could improve the Advanced glycation end products-elicited insulin resistance in Hep3B cells by inhibiting JNK- and IkappaB kinase-dependent serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 via suppression of Rac-1 activation.
- Tiam1, a Rac1-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, was expressed mainly in the cytosol of AT2 cells exposed to mechanical strain compared with membrane localization in static cells.
- paxillin is a critical downstream effector of Rac1 that may be involved in PMA-stimulated migration presumably by modulating the integrity of focal complex formation.
- Positive regulation of migration and invasion by vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein via Rac1 pathway in human breast cancer cells.
- results suggest that Rac1 and the Rac1-specific activator Tiam1 are components of transcriptionally active beta-catenin/TCF complexes at Wnt-responsive promoters, and Rac1 and Tiam1 within these complexes serves to enhance target gene transcription
- Rac1 is required for human endometrial stromal cell migration
- the interaction of the RAGE cytoplasmic domain with Dia-1 is required to transduce extracellular environmental cues evoked by binding of RAGE ligands to their cell surface receptor, resulting in Rac-1 and Cdc42 activation and cellular migration
- Study demonstrates tight interplay between Rho and Rac in determining different modes of tumor cell movement, revealing how tumor cells switch between different modes of movement.
- KAI1/CD82 decreased the metastatic phenotype of H1299 lung carcinoma cells by down-regulating Rac1 expression through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
- Rac-1 promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation by upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1: role of NFkappaB-dependent hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha transcription.
- Data suggest that ARF6-mediated Rac1 activation is essential for glioma cell invasion via a signaling pathway that requires IQGAP1.