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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for PPARG(NM_015869.4) Search again
Product ID:
HQP013634
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
CIMT1, GLM1, NR1C3, PPARG1, PPARG2, PPARG5, PPARgamma
Gene Description:
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma
Target Gene Accession:
NM_015869.4(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily of nuclear receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and these heterodimers regulate transcription of various genes.
Gene References into function
- The expression of the human PPARgamma gene is controlled by RORalpha1.
- PPAR-gamma induces pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis
- role in inducing cyclooxygenase-2 in monocytes
- Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and the growth inhibitory effect of its synthetic ligands in human salivary gland cancer cell lines.
- Reduced lipolysis as possible cause for greater weight gain in subjects with the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPARgamma2
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists inhibit HIV-1 replication in macrophages by transcriptional and post-transcriptional effects.
- the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in high-fat diet induced-obesity and insulin resistance by gene targeting and case-control study using the common PPARgamma2 polymorphism
- Pharmacologic activation of PPARgamma in vascular cells may provide a novel therapeutic approach to retard diabetes-associated vascular disease.
- the roles of PPARgamma and the actions of PPARgamma ligands in the cardiovascular system
- T0070907, a selective ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, functions as an antagonist of biochemical and cellular activities
- Activation of PPAR gamma by oxidized lipoproteins (oxLDL) promotes macrophage desensitization by reducing oxLDL-stimulated oxygen radical formation, an important determinant of the activation/deactivation balance in macrophages.
- The presence of PPAR gamma in bladder cancers having characteristics of low malignancy is associated with its role in modulating expression of those angiogenic factors (e.g., bFGF and PDECGF) that may be responsible for malignancy in bladder tumor cells.
- cPLA(2) plays a critical role in PPAR-mediated gene transcription in HepG2 cells
- Nuclear receptor corepressor-dependent repression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor delta-mediated transactivation
- PPARgamma augments TNF-family induced apoptosis
- Lack of association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-2 gene variants and the occurrence of coronary heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus.
- Retinoid X receptor alpha is implicated in the nuclear reorganization of PPAR gamma and suggest that PPAR gamma colocalizes with RXR alpha at specific locations within the nucleus independent of added ligand.
- PPARgamma2 pro12Ala polymorphism and insulin resistance in Japanese hypertensive patients.
- Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR(gamma2) gene is not associated with diabetic retinopathy but is associated with dyslipidemia in male type 2 diabetic patients
- activation of PPARgamma in human CD4-positive T cells limits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFNgamma
- Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma stimulates the growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible 153 gene in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells.
- PPAR-gamma is induced in prostate cancer; PPAR-gamma ligands may mediate its antiproliferative effect against prostate cancer cells through differentiation
- Inhibition of human chondrosarcoma cell growth via apoptosis by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma.
- Frequent polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene in colorectal cancer containing wild-type K-ras gene.
- Pro12Ala polymorphism of the gene is associated with reduced type 2 diabetes risk and increased insulin sensitivity
- genes of C3, HSL, and PPARgamma may exert a modifying effect on lipid and glucose metabolism in familial combined hyperlipidemia
- differential regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in bladder cancer cells (peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, beta)
- PPRE in intron 1 of the ACBP gene is a bona fide PPARgamma-response element.
- findings suggest an involvement of PPARgamma in trophoblast differentiation during normal placental development; down-regulation of PPARgamma may contribute to trophoblastic diseases such as hydatidufirm mole and choriocarcinoma
- PPAR activators inhibit endothelial cell migration by targeting Akt.
- adipose tissue peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma1 mRNA concentration is positively regulated by eicosapentaenoic acid
- Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibits osteoprotegerin gene expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells
- Differential effect of variants in the development of type 2 diabetes between native Japanese and Japanese Americans.
- PPARgamma is a target for induction of apoptosis in rheumatoid synovial cells
- 85kD PLA2 mediates PPARG activation in lung epithelial cells
- reduces growth of esophageal cancer
- obesity is associated with an inverse relationship between PPARgamma and retinoic acid receptor alpha expressions in subcutaneous adipose tissue
- effect of polymorphism on insulin sensitivity and metabolism; interactions with birth size
- Activation of endothelial PPAR-gamma has a potent anti-inflammatory role.
- we describe a family in which five individuals with severe insulin resistance, but no unaffected family members, were compound heterozygous with respect to frameshift/premature stop mutations in two unlinked genes, PPARG and PPP1R3A
- the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR-gamma2 represents the first genetic variant with a broad impact on the risk of common type 2 diabetes
- Association of the Pro12Ala polymorphism with 3-year incidence of type 2 diabetes and body weight change in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study
- polymorphism Pro12Ala is associated with nephropathy in type 2 diabetes
- The Pro115Gln polymorphism has no epidemiological impact on morbid obesity
- Expression of PAX8-PPAR gamma 1 rearrangements in both follicular thyroid carcinomas and adenomas.
- negative regulatory function for PPARgamma on cytokine and MMP production together with inhibition of cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses in rheumatoid synovial cells
- role of 13-(S)-HODE in upregulating the MAP kinase signaling pathway and subsequently downregulating PPARgamma
- Nitric oxide-activated anti-inflammatory properties of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma in monocytes/macrophages down-regulate p47phox and attenuate the respiratory burst.
- Differential effects of adiposity on messenger ribonucleic acid expression in human adipocytes
- analysis of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 genotype showed that leptin levels were determined by the Pro12Ala mutation in type-2 diabetic women but not in men
- melanoma cell growth may be modulated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.
- There is no association between PPAR-gamma polymorphism and the occurence or severity of preeclampsia.
- In esophageal cancer tissues, the expression of PPAR gamma was decreased compared with normal esophageal epithelium.
- the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARgamma-2 gene promotes peripheral deposition of adipose tissue and increased insulin sensitivity for a given BMI.
- mediates the proliferative action of mast-cell tryptase: possible relevance to human fibrotic disorders
- mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma are not altered during fasting.
- Binding of PPARG ligands (troglitazone or BRL49653) to monocyte PPARG inhibited TXA(2) production and enhanced PGE(2) production of PBMC
- lack of association of codon 12 polymorphism with breast cancer and body mass
- Candidate gene sequencing showed that all four affected subjects were heterozygous for a novel T-->A mutation at PPARG nucleotide 1164 in exon 5 that predicted substitution of phenylalanine at codon 388 by leucine (F388L).
- Data demonstrate that Egr-1, AP1 and Smad are part components of the transforming growth factor beta signal transduction pathway that regulates PPAR gamma expression.
- PPARgamma has a role in inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell growth by regulating levels of TSC-22
- With RXR-alpha, forms a heterodimer involved in the regulation of human trophoblast invasion
- We investigated the phenotypic appearance of the two polymorphisms (Pro12Ala and exon 6 C-->T) in PPARgamma among elderly twins and plasma glucose and insulin profiles among MZ and DZ twins.
- role of intact AF-2 domain for ligand-dependent and ligand-independent interaction and coactivation
- Detection of the PAX8-PPAR gamma fusion oncogene in both follicular thyroid carcinomas and adenomas.
- Results suggest that activation of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) may represent a novel approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer by increasing PTEN levels and inhibiting PI3K activity.
- natural mutations in human PPARgamma, associated with severe insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, exhibit perturbations in the dynamic behavior of helix 12
- activity of PPARgamma and PPARgamma ligands in cancer [review]
- that fatty acids and rosiglitazone directly stimulate transcription of the LRP gene through activation of PPARgamma and increase functional LRP expression.
- Data describe the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) co-activator 1, PPAR gamma, insulin receptor substrate-1, glucose transporter isoform-4, and mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 in adipose tissue.
- Functional polymorphism in a STAT5B site of PPAR gamma 3 promoter region affects height and lipid homeostasis via the STAT5B pathway.
- codon 422 may be a part of a co-factor(s) interaction domain necessary for PPARgamma to induce terminal differentiation in epithelial, but not adipocyte, cell lineages
- A novel anti-inflammatory pathway is revealed in human airway smooth muscle, where PPAR gamma activation by natural and synthetic ligands inhibits serum-induced cell growth and induces apoptosis.
- PPARgamma gene polymorphism is associated with exercise-mediated changes of insulin resistance in healthy men.
- conclude that the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene was associated with increased ox-LDL autoantibodies in type 2 diabetic subjects
- PPAR-gamma may play a role in prostate carcinogenesis; however, the Pro12Ala polymorphism does not appear to play a significant role in prostate cancer risk in this large cohort of male Finnish smokers.
- The activation of PPARgamma-dependent pathways induces the differentiated phenotype in proliferative VSMCs, and this induction is mediated, in part, through a GATA-6-dependent transcriptional mechanism.
- PPARgamma and/or RXR activation inhibit foam cell formation through enhanced cholesterol efflux despite increased oxLDL uptake
- Role for PPARgamma gene polymorphism in pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Presence of Ala isoform being protective against development of PCOS.
- PPAR-gamma may play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis related to the production of IL-6 and some other cytokines.
- PPAR-gamma P12A polymorphism can modulate the association between dietary fat intake and components of the metabolic syndrome
- A common A for P substitution at codon 12 in the PPARG2 was associated with reduced incidence of myocardial infarction.
- common Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peoxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 gene has minor influence on mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma target genes in adipose tissue of obese subjects
- PPARgamma expression is reduced or lacking in all of the angiogenic plexiform lesions of pulmonary hypertensive lungs and in the vascular lesions of a rat model of severe PH (pulmonary hypertension).
- Expression of PPARgamma in activated T-cells may regulate apoptosis & their immunological response in inflammation, depending on agonists released by near-by cells.
- The polymorphism (Pro12Ala) of this receptor beneficially influences insulin resistance and its tracking from childhood to adulthood.
- results suggest that conventional follicular thyroid carcinomas develop through at least two distinct molecular pathways initiated by either RAS point mutation or PAX8-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma rearrangement
- PPARG has a role in regulating glucose and lipid uptake and oxidation and preadipocyte differentiation
- commensal intestinal flora affects the expression of PPAR gamma and that PPAR gamma expression is considerably impaired in patients with ulcerative colitis
- Amino acid substistution is not associated with insulin resistance phenotype.
- The Pro115 Gln variant, but not the Pro12Ala mutation in the PPAR-gamma 2 gene, could be a rare cause of severe insulin resistance.
- Transcriptional activation of hepatic scavenger receptor class B, type I is stimulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.
- Pro12Ala of this gene is associated with lower serum insulin levels in nonobese African Americans
- activity in prostate cancer cells
- functional downregulation of PPARgamma is a key event in multiple types of thyroid neoplasia
- Treatment of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 with the synthetic PPARgamma ligands pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, GW7845 or its natural ligand 15-deoxy-delta 12, 14-prostaglandin J2(15d-PGJ2) led to inhibition of the invasiveness of this cell line.
- Because PPARgamma(2) is mainly expressed in adipose tissue, one of the main regulatory effects of the polymorphism may well be the more efficient suppression of (possibly intra-abdominal) lipolysis.
- Troglitazone, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand, inhibits growth of HepG2 cells and induces apoptosis. COX-2 mRNA and protein and Bcl-2 was down-regulated. Bax and Bak was up-regulated. Activity of caspase-3 was elevated.
- Receptor "C(k)"-dependent signalling pathway regulates PPAR-gamma gene transcription; a proposed molecular cross-talk pathway between Receptor-C(k) and PPAR-gamma may play a role in control of leukemogenesis.
- Expression of PPARgamma was increased to greatest degree by highly-oxLDL. DNA binding activity of PPARgamma was increased only by mildly- and moderately-oxLDL.
- Results suggest that granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor regulates lung homeostasis via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-dependent pathways.
- PPARgamma participates in the regulation of caveolin 1 and 2 gene expression in human carcinoma cells.
- Rev-Erbalpha as a target gene of PPARgamma in adipose tissue and demonstrate a role for this nuclear receptor as a promoter of adipocyte differentiation.
- Adiponectin is a genetic factor associated with insulin sensitivity. Interactions with PPARgamma2 genotypes modified this association.
- Expression plays a role in energy homeostasis in obese women.
- A functional variant in this protein's promoter is associated with predictors of obesity and NIDDM in Pima Indians.
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and ligands inhibit surfactant protein B gene expression in the lung
- a novel p53-dependent mechanism in the PPARgamma ligand-mediated inhibition of cholangiocarcinoma growth and suggest a potential therapeutic role of PPARgamma ligands in the treatment of human cholangiocarcinoma.
- Ligands of this receptor affect the expression of RAR beta in cancer cells
- Common polymorphisms in this protein are associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer.
- although activation of PPARgamma appears to have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis and heart failure, it is still largely uncertain whether PPARgamma ligands prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases-REVIEW
- Down-regulation of peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-gamma is associated with local recurrence and metastasis in breast cancer
- reduced expression of PPARgamma might be an early event in colonic tumorigenesis
- PPARgamma activation enhances cell surface ENaCalpha via up-regulation of SGK1 in collecting duct cells.
- significant contribution of the PPARgamma2(Pro12Ala) and eNOS(4a/b) gene polymorphisms to hypertensive risk in our population (odds ratio, 1.9 and 1.6, respectively), confirmed by multiple logistic regression analysis.
- The common Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPARgamma is associated with lower diastolic blood pressure in male subjects with type 2 diabetes.
- plays an important role in the differentiation of intestinal cells
- lack of the PAX8/PPAR gamma rearrangement in the anaplastic thyroid carcinoma group suggests that the tumorigenic pathway in these tumors is likely to be independent of this fusion
- PPARG genotype is an important factor in physiological responses to dietary fat in humans.
- PPARgamma and PPARdelta have roles in transcriptional activation of Spermidine/sperm-ine N1-acetyltransferase, which leads to reduced tissue polyamine contents in human colon cancer cells
- inverse association between the PPARgamma variant 12Ala allele and risk of type 2 diabetes.
- 15d-PGJ(2) differently upregulates MMP-1 expression in HMEC-1 through induction of oxidative stress, and inhibits uPA synthesis partly by activation of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma (PPARgamma).
- non-hydrolysed, oxidised phospholipids in oxLDL activate PPARgamma as a cellular defence mechanism against macrophage death
- 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15S-HETE), an endogenous ligand for PPARgamma, was significantly decreased in the serum of patients with colorectal cancer
- Pro12Ala amino acid variant of the PPARgamma2 isoform is not associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.
- PPARgamma can reduce plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 production in vascular endothelial cells directly by transcriptional repression.
- Japanese with the Ala12 allele had a significantly lower value of carotid artery intima-media thickness than those without it.
- phosphorylation of PPARgamma was mediated through the ciglitazone-induced activation of Erk1/2
- We report that the PPARG C161T polymorphism is associated with the survival of IgAN patients without hypertension
- Treatment of gastric cancer patients with Vioxx resulted in a significant decrease in plasma and tumor contents of both progastrin and gastrin, and this was accompanied by the increment in tumor expression of COX-2, PPARy, Bax, and caspase-3.
- The presence of the Ala allele may confer protection from diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
- Transcriptional silencing via recruitment of corepressor adds to dominant-negative inhibition of wild type by P467L and V290M mutants. Introduction of artificial mutation (L318A) disrupting corepressor interaction abrogated dominant-negative activity.
- study shows that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists strongly regulate myeloperoxidase gene expression through the Alu element repeats
- Higher frequency of C-->T substitution in exon 6 of PPAR-gamma gene in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). May play role in complex pathogenesis of obesity in PCOS. Pro(12)Ala polymorphism does not seem to affect body mass index in PCOS women.
- Expression of adipophilin is enhanced during trophoblast differentiation and is up-regulated by ligand-activated PPARgamma/retinoid X receptor. May contribute to fatty acid uptake by placenta.
- PPARgamma is a quantitative trait locus for free fatty acid and glycerol, against a background of insulin resistance for adipose tissue lipid metabolism, and therefore as a modifier gene in familial combined hyperlipidemia.
- The high-level expression of PPARgamma may provide a potential molecular target for the treatment of salivary duct carcinoma using agonist ligands.
- study examined the modification by peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma genotype of the association between energy expenditure, dietary polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio, and fasting insulin level, a measure of insulin resistance
- High-levels of PPARgamma expression is associated with glioblastoma
- restoration of PPARgamma reverses the activated hepatic stellate cells to the quiescent phenotype and suppresses AP-1 activity via a physical interaction between PPARgamma and JunD
- The Pro12Ala polymorphism was more associated with plasma lipids and fasting glucose concentrations, whereas the C1431T polymorphism was related to the risk of diabetes.
- Ala12 variant of PPARgamma affords protection from Type 2 diabetes, and this protection is modulated by additional common variation at the PPARG locus.
- polymorphic in metabolic syndrome phenotype in Brazil
- PPARgamma2 activation inhibited cyclin D1 transcription in hepatocytes via CREB-dependent and beta-catenin-independent pathways
- Association of this gene's single nucleotide polymorphism with type 2 diabetes.
- fatty acid binding protein 4 and PPARgamma work together to influence a biologic pathway affecting insulin sensitivity and body composition
- mPGES-1 and Egr-1 are novel targets of PPARgamma and inhibition of mPGES-1 gene transcription may be one of the mechanisms by which PPARgamma regulates inflammatory responses
- PPARgamma ligands inhibit human lung carcinoma cell growth and induce apoptosis by stimulating the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21.
- PPARgamma and EGFR signalling have roles in urothelial terminal differentiation
- PPARgamma is essential for the in vivo survival of mature adipocytes.
- x ray crystallography to determine binding sites
- By abrogating of TGF beta-induced stimulation of collagen gene expression, myofibroblast transdifferentiation, and Smad-dependent promoter activity in normal fibroblasts, PPAR gamma may play a physiologic role in the regulation of the profibrotic respons
- Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-gamma(PPAR-g) disrupts Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-b) signaling and profibrotic responses in skin fibroblasts.
- Our findings argue against a significant contribution of PPARgamma variations to the genetic basis of psoriasis.
- signaling through PPAR-gamma can mediate transitional differentiation of urothelial cells, modulated by growth regulatory programs
- high glucose upregulates PPAR-gamma and when significantly induced demonstrates anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma C161-T may play a important role in carotid artery arteriosclerosis.
- polymorphisms of the PPARg gene are not associated with the incidence of restenosis and adverse clinical events at 30 days or 1 year after coronary artery stenting in patients with diabetes mellitus.
- Pro12Ala variant of the PPAR-gamma receptor gene did not explain the failure of patients with NIDDM to increase insulin sensitivity.
- the net result of the pleiotropic effects of PPAR-gamma ligands is improvement of insulin sensitivity, although undesired side-effects limit the utility of this therapy [review]
- 15d-PGJ(2)-induced changes were related to functional alteration of the glucocorticoid receptor and did not require the engagement of PPARgamma
- there is an in vivo crosstalk between the HER-kinase axis and PPARgamma pathways, ultimately leading to negative regulation of PPARgamma activity and tumor growth inhibition
- Hypertensive subjects with low birth weight or short length at birth and the Pro12Pro variant had raised systolic blood pressure
- In Polish PPAR-gamma2 12Pro allele carriers, obesity correlated with free fatty acid tolerance in males, and insulin resistance in females.
- Upregulated by pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes.
- both PPARgamma and its coactivator PGC-1 play important roles in the development and progression of breast cancer
- study evaluated the levels of 15-deoxy Delta(12,14)prostaglandin J(2) and PPARgamma and the influence of PPARgamma activation by 15dPGJ(2) on the production of NO, in term placental tissues from control, pre-gestational and gestational diabetic patients
- Overexpression of PPAR-gamma in PPAR-gamma-null NK cells reduces IFN-gamma gene expression, but PPAR-gamma expression and activation has no effect on NK cell cytolytic activity
- 2 common PPARG polymorphisms, namely P12A and c.1431C>T, were associated with carotid atherosclerosis in 161 Canadian aboriginal people. The PPARG A12 allele protects against deleterious phenotypes.
- Retinoid X receptor-gamma and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma expression may have roles in apoptosis of thyroid carcinoma
- PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma ligands induced apoptotic and antiproliferative responses in human breast cancer cell lines, respectively, which were associated with specific changes in gene expression.
- cPLA2 has an influence on IL-8 and COX 2 gene and protein expression at least in part through PPAR-gamma
- Relationship between intake of trans fatty acids and type 2 diabetes in PPARG2 single nucleotide polymorphism carriers.
- DIM-C-pPhCF3 induced p21 expression through a novel mechanism that involves PPARgamma interactions with both Sp1 and Sp4 proteins bound to the proximal GC-rich region of the p21 promoter.
- the PAX8-PPARgamma1 translocation characterizes a subset of thyroid follicular carcinomas
- no effect of the PPAR-gamma gene Pro12Ala polymorphism on serum adiponectin levels.
- Ligands do not induce extracellular superoxide dismutase mRNA and protein.
- The PPARG thymine 1431 allele is associated with a high probility of a nonfatal cardiovascular event before age 70 and is also associated with all-cause mortality in a type 2 diabetic population.
- sumoylation is involved in negative regulation of the transactivating function of PPARgamma2
- investigated whether there is a link between growth inhibitory effect and transcriptional activation of PPARgamma in several gastrointestinal tumour cell lines
- Pro12Ala and/or Ala12Ala polymorphism is twice more frequent in obese subjects compared to non-obese ones (38 vs 19%).
- PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala variant may have a role in insulin sensitivity in childhood obesity
- the interaction between PPARgamma and GR may be responsible for the additive and synergistic inhibition of chemokine expression by PPARgamma agonists, glucocorticoids, and beta(2)-agonists
- stimulation of CYP27A1 by PPARgamma may represent a key previously unrecognized mechanism by which PPARgamma protects against atherosclerosis
- CT/TT genotype with PPARgamma gene polymorphism may contribute to higher body mass index and higher serum triglyceride level in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
- a V290M mutation, observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus, adversely affects the binding of the secondary peptide to PPARgamma
- Activators of PPARG play a role in maternal metabolism and immune function in normal and pathological pregnancies.
- Contribution of Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARgamma to genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Inducing recombinant expression or activating PPARgamma using thiazolinediones decreases Abeta levels in conditioned medium. The Abeta clearance mechanism is induced by PPARgamma activation in primary murine-mixed glia and cortical neuronal cultures.
- Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARgamma2 is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.
- These findings suggest an involvement of PPARgamma in the onset and development of ovarian carcinoma and provide an insight into the regulation of this molecule in the progression of the disease.
- Pro12Pro genotype of the PPAR-gamma2 is associated with the conversion from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes in the STOP-NIDDM trial.
- There is no evidence of a role for PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism in endometrial cancer susceptibility or in mediating circulating estrone levels.
- Activation of both PPARgamma and PPARalpha may contribute to the improvement in insulin sensitivity
- There is good evidence that ligands of PPAR-gamma, including certain thiazolinediones, reduce tissue injury associated with ischemia and reperfusion. The potential utility of PPAR-gamma ligands in ischemia and reperfusion will be discussed in this review
- Study suggests a favorable impact of PPARG expression on disease-free survival of patients with ductal breast carcinoma and its possible cooperation with ERbeta in exerting this favorable effect.
- Genetic polymorphism of PPARG is not associated with hypertension in diabetes mellitus, type 2.
- PPARgamma may be a determinant of cell fate and is likely a target of the Wnt pathway in cancer cells.
- influence of PPARgamma Pro12Ala polymorphism on the elimination of 24S-hydroxycholesterol
- Review. In vitro studies suggest that PPAR gamma is a master regulator of adipogenesis. Human PPAR gamma mutations/polymorphisms and its role in diabetes are reviewed.
- The effect of this gene in humans may be mediated through regulation of PPARgamma activity in the crypts of the small intestine.
- Data suggest that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma senses oxidation of fatty acids by recognizing alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone as a common moiety.
- Chronic treatment (4 days) with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist troglitazone increased palmitate accumulation, normalizing uptake in T2D cells.
- Human vascular cell function (proliferation, cell cycle, protein expression, lactate release) is independent of PPAR gamma.
- proliferator-activated receptor-gamma has a role in differentiation of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- the Ala12Ala genotype of PPARgamma2 is associated with elevated adiponectin level, and that the PPARgamma2 and IRS-1 genes have a possible interaction in their effects on adiponectin concentration in blood
- Simvastatin-induced CCR2 downregulation is mediated by signaling pathways involving PPAR- activation.
- Contribution of the PPAR-gamma 2 Pro12Ala polymorphism in the genetic risk for type 2 diabetes.
- Troglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, induced antiproliferation and redifferentiation in thyroid cancer cell lines.
- Amino acid substituion polymorphism increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.
- feedback mechanisms may contribute to the loss of 15-LOX-2 pathway components, which coincide with an increase in PPAR-gamma in many epithelial cancers
- PPAR-gamma has a role in inhibiting angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer
- COX-2 immunopositivity was significantly associated with PPARbeta and PPARgamma immunoreactivity.
- a role for PPARgamma and RXR in regulation of fatty acid transport and storage in human placental trophoblasts.
- PPARG polymorphism is the same in Korean women than in other previously studied races.
- stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity index after rosiglitazone in PPARgamma mutation supports a pivotal role of PPARgamma function in SCD regulation.
- analysis of gammaORF4, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform with dominant negative activity generated by alternative splicing
- May be important in maintaining homeostasis in intrahepatic biliary epithelium. Reduction in bile ducts of primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) liver may be associated with Th1-predominant milieu and with development of chronic cholangitis in PBC.
- C161T polymorphism in PPARgamma gene not related to Type 2 diabetes mellitus or insulin resistance in Brazil. Reduction of serum triglycerides and atherogenic index was observed in women with 161T allele of the C161T polymorphism.
- the ligand-independent tight control of the position of the PPAR helix 12 provides an effective alternative for establishing an interaction with CoA proteins
- Finds reduced colon cancer risk with high lutein intake, low refined grain intake, or high prudent diet score and PPARgamma Pro12Ala polymorphism. Finds rectal cancer risk increased among those with PPARgamma Pro12Ala polymorphism and high mutagen index.
- The P3 -681C>G, P2 -689C>T, and Pro12Ala polymorphisms in PPARG and related haplotypes were associated with higher body weight and plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations.
- PPAR-gamma is induced on collecting ducts, interstitial cells, and endothelial cells in a rat model having renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
- the data do not support the hypothesis that the A12 allele is associated with a decreased risk of coronary heart disease
- Genetic polymorphisms of CAT and PPARy2 do not play a significant role in the development of SLE in a Korean population.
- Phe282Ala mutation dramatically reduced the binding affinity of ligands to PPARgamma; solvent effect may be concluded as the major source of the decrease of binding affinity and thereby of the decrease of its transcriptional activation activity
- Carriers of C allele of PPARA gene and Ala allele of PPARG2 gene had higher diastolic BP.
- PPARgamma overexpression in cultured cells dramatically reduced Abeta (amyloid-beta) secretion, affecting the expression of the APP (Abeta precursor protein) at a post-transcriptional level.
- To our knowledge, these results are the first to present evidence that a PPAR-gamma agonist can modulate actin remodelling in monocytes, and may therefore be protective against microvascular damage in diabetes.
- PPARgamma agonists in type 2 diabetic patients leads to an improved glycemic control and an inhanced insulin sensitivity. (REVIEW)
- Pro12Ala variant in the PPARgamma2 gene is unlikely a major gene for type 2 diabetes mellitus or obesity in Tunisian subjects.
- genetic polymorphisms of PPARgamma (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma2 do not play a significant role in the susceptibility to RA in Koreans
- The observations suggest TZDs inhibit TNFalpha-mediated PAI-1 induction independent of inducible PPARgamma activation.
- Whereas genetically reduced PPARgamma activity in adipose tissue leads to reduction of total fat mass in humans and in mice, mutations in the ligand-binding domain of PPARgamma cause abnormal body fat distributions. Review.
- ulindac sulfide acts both as a PPARgamma agonist and a PPARdelta antagonist in an immortalized prostatic epithelial cell line.
- Hyperlipidemia, exhibited as a high free fatty acid level, modulates GLUT4 gene expression in cardiac muscle via a complex mechanism including GLUT4 and the PPARgamma genes
- C161T polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma gene is related to risk of colrectal cancer in an Indian population.
- End stage renal patients had a higher prevalence of both the PPAR-gamma 161 CC and PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Pro genotypes than the general population (p<0.01).
- data provide direct evidence for the role of PPARgamma in the regulation of human TBXA2R gene expression within the vasculature and point to further critical differences in the modes of transcriptional regulation of TBXA2R alpha and TBXA2R beta in humans
- PAX8-PPARgamma disrupts normal transcriptional regulation by stimulating some genes and inhibiting others, the net effect of which may mediate follicular thyroid cell growth and loss of differentiation.
- specific haplotype of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) polymorphisms is associated with an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome in a French general population
- strong expression of PPARgamma in human pituitary adenomas and its possible involvement in control of cell proliferation in these tumors
- In human islets, activation of PPAR-gamma inhibits h-IAPP-induced islet cell apoptosis, and this action is at least in part mediated through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-Akt cascade.
- Stromal myofibroblasts expressed PPARgamma, only in colon adenocarcinomas (77.7% of the cases) and not in normal colon.
- In follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, the PAX8-PPARgamma rearrangement was significantly associated with multifocality and vascular invasion
- subjects with the Ala 12 allele of PPARgamma2 had a significant increase in adiponectin levels with weight loss induced by heavy exercise
- PPARgamma-DBD-interacting protein 1 (PDIP1)-alpha). PDIP1 mRNA was expressed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and THP-1 macrophages.
- PPARG variation may underlie response to troglitazone therapy in women at risk for type 2 diabetes.
- C161-->T is in linkage disequilibrium with unidentified functional variation in PPARgamma for insulin resistance in women
- induction of apoptosis by troglitazone may, at least in part, be mediated by targeting POX gene expression for generation of ROS by POX both by PPARgamma-dependent and -independent mechanisms
- article highlights the important observations made in humans harbouring genetic variations in PPARgamma that have confirmed its pivotal role in the regulation of adipocyte endocrine function and our metabolic response to the environment [review]
- findings suggest that Pro12Ala proliferator-activated receptor-gamma(PPAR-gamma) gene polymorphism may be protective against insulin resistance and development of diabetes mellitus in the first-degree relatives of subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome
- p38 regulates PPARgamma expression and activity in term human trophoblasts.
- Suppression of NORE1A, a known Ras effector, in PAX8-PPARgamma fusion-carrying follicular thyroid cancer
- Pro12Ala PPARgamma2 polymorphismallele protects against the development of type 2 diabetes.
- An allelic variation correlates with type 2 diabetes in an Arab population.
- We suggest that PPARgamma-mediated inhibition of PAPP-A might decrease the amount of bioactive IGFII, a factor known to promote trophoblast invasion.
- Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) induces functional PPARgamma in bladder tumor cells in vivo and in vitro, being these receptors intrinsically involved in the antitumor activity of BCG
- Represses vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression via a PPARgamma-responsive element (PPRE) in the VEGF gene promoter.
- protective mechanism of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Alzheimer's disease involves activation of PPARgamma and decreased beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme gene transcription
- PPAR gamma signaling pathways mediate CD36 expression in response to oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL).
- PPARG deficiency is due either to haploinsufficiency or to substantial activity loss due to dominant negative interference of the normal allele product's function can each contribute to the FPLD3 phenotype.
- The importance of the PPARgamma system in regulating cellular responses to oxidative stress was shwon.
- PPARgamma is highly expressed in every normal pituitary secreting cell lineage. It can translocate into the nucleus by ligand binding; however, its role in pituitary hormone regulation remains to be elucidated.
- These results indicate that melanocyte growth and apoptosis may be modulated through PPAR-gamma and that ciglitazone, a PPAR-gamma activator, inhibits growth of human melanocytes by inducing apoptosis.
- Study demonstrates that human intestinal cell BCMO1 expression is dependent on the functional cooperation between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and myocyte enhancer factor 2 isoforms.
- PPARgamma2 and gamma3 polymorphisms may have arole in preventing colorectal cancer among Chinese in Singapore
- Vitamin E treatment also led to increased expression of a known PPARgamma target gene involved in terminal keratinocytes differentiation, the transglutaminase-1.
- The differential regulation of PPAR-gamma transcripts suggests that each transcript isoform may contribute to macrophage function.
- cross-regulation of CD36 by PXR and PPARgamma suggests that this fatty acid transporter may function as a common target of orphan nuclear receptors in their regulation of lipid homeostasis
- PPARG Ala allele showed a relatively high protective effect in developing hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia during a 6-year period.
- the trophic properties of gastrin in colorectal cancer may be mediated in part by transactivation of the EGFR and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, leading to degradation of PPARgamma protein and a decrease in PPARgamma activation
- Trans-splicing of a cotranscribed mRNA from two neighboring genes, PPARG and TSEN2 (PPARG and TSEN2).
- The polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (Pro12Ala) and its coactivator-1 (Gly482Ser) genes were investigated among 201 Chinese Han women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Pro12Ala variant of proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 is associated with an increased mean 24-h diastolic blood pressure in obese diabetic patients
- we propose that PPAR-gamma gene has the inherent capacity to influence the lipid mediated inflammation process in atherosclerotic lesions.
- More than half of the tissues from RCC patients had low expression of PPARgamma mRNA, and such carcinomas might have more aggressive behavior.
- This study supports the hypothesis that the PPAR-gamma Pro12Ala polymorphism is protective against diabetes in Caucasians but not in South Asians.
- The effects of the PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism on glucose and insulin metabolism may be modified by prenatal exposure to famine during midgestation.
- Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR-gamma2 plays a dynamic and interactive role in the regulation of BMI and glucose homeostasis
- Expression of dominant-negative PPARgamma reverses transcriptional activation of 15-lipoxygenase-2 promoter by enhancing it 202-fold in normal prostate epithelial cells or suppressing it in prostate carcinoma cells.
- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma has a role in activation of tubular epithelial cells in diabetic nephropathy
- PPARG polymorphisms are not likely to constitute a significant risk factor for the development of melanoma among German Caucasians.
- results suggest that the peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-gamma 161CC genotype could be a genetic risk factor for adenomyosis and endometriosis
- PPAR-gamma1 is dephosphorylated and degraded during BAY 11-7085-induced synovial fibroblast apoptosis
- Data suggest that PPARG influences fat deposition and growth velocity early in life, with potential impact in the control of energy intake and appetite regulation, and could provide a key target for future research and anti-obesity agents.
- study suggests that Pro12Ala polymorphism of the proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene may be a modifier of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
- Up-regulation of functional ABCG2 expression can be achieved via exogenous or endogenous activation of the lipid-activated transcription factor, PPAR gamma.
- The polymorphism Pro12Ala is not connected with the endothelium destruction. 2) Other researches are necessary to estimate influence of mutated allele on the control of diabetes. 3) The genotyp Pro12Pro promotes higher blood pressure by healthy people.
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms in PPARD modify the conversion from glucose intolerance to type 2 diabetes particularly in combination with polymorphisms in PPARG.
- The H/D-Ex patterns of ligand-free PPARgamma ligand binding domain (LBD) show that the ligand binding pocket of LBD is significantly more dynamic than the rest of the LBD.
- ERK5-dependent activation of PPARgamma represents a major effector pathway mediating the anti-tumorigenic effects of Wnt 7a and Fzd 9 in non-small cell lung cancer cells
- PPARgamma1(tr) is an important physiologic isoform of PPARgamma that modulates cellular functions of PPARgamma1(wt)
- Pharmacological activation of PPARgamma and/or induction of SSAT may represent a therapeutic or preventive strategy for treating colorectal cancer.
- PPARgamma is expressed in human endometrial carcinoma
- 15d-PGJ2 significantly decreased CD40 and RANTES expression in HK-2 cells, which were partially mediated by PPAR-gamma-dependent pathways.
- Results suggest that Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma 2 gene is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarct in the Chinese Han population.
- Both PPARgamma and p53 were involved in the cleavage of caspases-9 and DNA fragmentation induced by rosiglitazone.
- PPAR-gamma activation could have significant inhibitory effects on memory T-cell responses by affecting accessory cell function
- In atherogenesis, oxidized lipid-driven activation of macrophage PPARgamma in the intima may result in a proadhesive chemokine receptor switch-CCR2 off.
- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation has a role in angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist induction of adipogenesis
- results suggest the existence of an interaction between Pro12Ala polymorphism of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma (PPARG2), dietary monounsaturated fatty acids and insulin resistance in obesity
- PPARgamma is a key target in the butyrate-induced signalling cascade leading to apoptosis via caspase-3 in Caco-2 cells.
- Pro12Ala may be associated with higher insulin sensitivity and higher LCPUFAs, particularly n-3, levels in plasma phosholipids of obese children.
- TPA synergizes with PPARgamma ligand to inhibit cell growth through up-regulation of PPARgamma expression
- Activation of PPAR gamma protects cells from serum starvation-induced apoptosis in human T lymphoma cell lines; the survival effect is mediated through PPAR gamma actions on cellular metabolic activities.
- Results provide evidence that human sperm express a functional peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-gamma whose activation influences sperm physiology.
- PPARgamma, turns on retinoic acid synthesis by inducing the expression of retinol and retinal metabolizing enzymes such as retinol dehydrogenase 10 and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 2.
- Novel tetrahydroisoquinolines have been developed as potent PPAR ligands which also function as anti-type 2 diabetes drugs.
- metabolism of a parent compound, beta-carotene, may alternatively activate (9-cisRA) or inhibit (beta-apo-14'-carotenal) specific RXR and PPAR responses
- Expression of PPARgamma target genes is markedly attenuated in mutation-containing versus receptor haploinsufficent primary cells, indicating that such dominant-negative inhibition operates in vivo.
- E-cadherin expression responds only to the combination treatment and not to single PPARgamma agonists, defining a new class of PPARgamma target genes
- Combining information from several known common risk polymorphisms allows the identification of population subgroups with markedly differing risks of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those obtained using single polymorphisms.
- data indicate that PPAR-gamma activation by selective agonists is a valid strategy for ovarian cancer therapy and prevention, and should be tested alone and in combination with other anticancer drugs.
- In conclusion, our results provide correlative evidence for the "PPARgamma-->UCP2-->neuroprotection" cascade in ischemic brain injury.
- The PPAR-gamma Ala12 allele carriers may have less risk of developing cognitive decline.
- These results suggest that the Pro/Ala genotype of PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism may be associated with reduced risk for ischemic stroke.
- MEK1 exports PPARgamma from the nucleus, and this finding was supported by small interfering RNA knockdown of MEK1 and use of a cell-permeable interaction-blocking peptide, which prevented tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-induced export of PPARgamma.
- Considerably lower PPARG activity is found in visceral than in subcutaneous primary human adipocytes.
- PPARgamma may be involved in the gastric mucosal defense through regulating TFF2 expression
- an intronic sequence of PPAR(gamma) is fused to exon 28 of THADA in thyroid tumors of follicular origin including carcinomas as well as adenomas
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma does not appear to be an important modifier gene in polycystic ovary syndrome
- Review. PPARgamma is strongly expressed by the epithelial cells of the colon mucosa. It is implicated in the regulation of inflammation. A deficit of PPARgamma in ulcerative colitis could in part explain the acute inflammation.
- a functional relationship between Zac and PPARgamma that could be relevant to the understanding of tumorigenesis and diabetes as well.
- Differential transcription occurring early in atopic dermatitis skin was indicated for CCL18, CCL13, IFNalpha2, PPARalpha and PPARgamma.
- This is the first study implicating that the Gly482Ser and Thr612Met polymorphisms in PGC-1alpha and Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPARgamma2 do not affect the functional integrity of these proteins.
- The proline allele at PPARG P12A increases risk for diabetes in persons with impaired glucose tolerance but has little or no effect on the beneficial response to troglitazone.
- regulatory role of PPAR-gamma in pigmentation and migration of human melanocytes
- Here we compare the molecular phenotypes of two previously identified PPARgamma mutations: P467L, reported to be dominant negative; and F388L, reported to be devoid of dominant-negative activity.
- Hypoxia-induced loss of function of PPAR-gamma reduces anti-inflammatory effects of PPAR-gamma activation, possibly modulating inflammatory responses in the diseased kidney.
- the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism might represent a genetic susceptibility factor for preterm birth and constitute a link between preterm birth and metabolic diseases later in life.
- Evidence of a differential susceptibility to fat accumulation, and, hence, weight gain, in response to habitual high energy intake for alanine carriers compared with proline/proline homozygotes.
- Data indicates that carrying the Ala allele significantly increased by nearly two-fold the risk of developing AD in subjects 80 years or older.
- There is a correlation between the genetic expression of PPARgamma from gastrointestinal tissue and body mass index, with increasing obesity correlating with a decrease in PPARgamma expression.
- Mutation of a single conserved residue in a patient with familial partial lipodystrophy subtype 3 can disrupt the function of the adipogenic transcription factor PPARgamma on multiple levels.
- PPARgamma are immunodetected in trophoblasts at the maternofetal interface.
- There was no significant association between Pro12Ala polymorphism in exon B of PPAR-gamma and prevalence or severity of CAD in Korean adults
- PPAR gamma protein expression was higher in H. pylori infected patients than in non-infected patients (3.8+/-0.4 vs. 2.6+/-1.0, H. pylori infected and non-infected, respectively; p<0.05
- Activation of PPARgamma1 attenuates PMA-mediated PKCalpha cytosol to membrane translocation.
- common genetic variation at the PPARG locus may play an important role in modulating the long-term control of asthma in children and young adults
- There is a major role for STAT5a in the differentiation of keratinocytes, where it contributes to involucrin expression by activating the PPARgamma signal.
- hepatitis C virus core protein elevated PPARgamma transcriptional activity
- the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARG gene is not associated with serum adiponectin levels in Asian Indians
- Combined with abdominal obesity, epistasis in the VLDL pathway (lipoprotein lipase, apolipoprotein CIII, hepatic lipase, PPARalpha, PPARgamma, and apo E genes) has a deleterious effect on fasting triglycerides and coronary artery disease risk profile
- Sedentary alanine carriers more frequently had metabolic syndrome than sedentary patients with theproline12Pproline genotype in metabolic syndrome X in type 1 diabetes.
- Mutation of a zinc-binding amino acid of PPARgamma leads to an altered protein-DNA binding pattern, resulting in a partial loss of function, which in turn is associated with partial lipodystrophy
- REVIEW: the role of PPARgamma on transcriptional regulation of FA metabolism in the heart
- Pro/Ala genotype in Taeeumin increases almost 15-fold the susceptibility to ischemic stroke compared to other constitutional types, Taeyangin, Soyangin or Soeumin (OR= 14.72; p = 0.0110)
- Catalase is able to potentiate ATRA-induced macrophage differentiation by inhibition of PPARgamma activity, underscoring an important interplay between H(2)O(2), RA, and PPARgamma in macrophages.
- PGC-1alpha exerted its effect through a PPARgamma-dependent pathway.
- the effects of the Pro12Pro and Pro12Ala polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma 2 gene depended on the body size at birth;carriers of the Ala allele seemed to be protected against insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in later life (Review)
- PPAR-gamma, insulin receptor with its signaling pathways, and StAR protein constitute a novel human ovarian regulatory system with complex interactions among its components
- Glucose intolerance is associated with increased glycoxidation of circulating low density lipoproteins, which may contribute to the incireased expression of PPARG AND C36 in macrophages .
- This study indicates that telmisartan may stimulate adiponectin transcription independent of PPAR-gamma.
- PPARgamma2 Pro12Ala is associated with lower fasting and postprandial TAG levels, lower insulin levels and higher postprandial insulin sensitivity after a mixed meal containing fat.
- Effect of polymorphism and lifestlye changes on the increase in flow-mediated vasodilation and prevention of caardiovascular disease.
- The Ala allele of the Pro12Ala polymorphism has been associated with a protective effect against type 2 diabetes mellitus but only in populations with a diet rich in lipids
- In contrast to the PPARalpha, the PPARgamma and PPARdelta receptor isoforms were not activated by the epoxyalcohol.
- results for a sample of Iranian type 2 diabetes cases and controls provide evidence that the Pro/Ala genotype of the PPARgamma-2 gene is associated with insulin sensitivity and may also have protective role against type 2 diabetes
- Significant association of single nucleotide polymorphism within three genes--PPARgamma, SOS2, and PCK1--with Alzheimer's disease, was confirmed.
- n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids increase PPARG activity is necessary for cyclooxygenase-2 induction in a human keratinocyte cell line.
- Bitter gourd seed oil increases the expression of PPARgamma which has been shown to prohibit cell growth in colon cancer.
- crystal structure of the ligand binding domain of the gamma isotype of human PPAR in complex with ajulemic acid, determined at 2.8-A resolution
- PPARg2 isoform prevents lipotoxicity by (a) promoting adipose tissue expansion, (b) increasing the lipid-buffering capacity of peripheral organs, and (c) facilitating the adaptive proliferative response of beta-cells to insulin resistance.
- inhibition of beta-catenin and in effect c-myc expression through activation of PPARgamma may help prostate cancer cells to restore several characteristics of normal prostate cells phenotype
- hPPAR gamma1(tr) is expressed strongly in tumorous tissues of primary human lung SCC and its overexpression renders transfected cells more resistant to chemotherapeutic drug- and chemical-induced cell death.
- Both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and colon cancer may result from distorted mechanisms of PPARg regulation.
- PPARgamma and RAR play an important role in controlling the growth of leukemia cells via the up-regulation of PTEN
- A new signaling pathway, DHA-PPAR-gamma-p53, in mediating the apoptotic effect of DHA in Reh cells.
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma ligands can down-regulate iNOS DNA methylation
- The observed genetic association of PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism with diabetic nephropathy confirms earlier findings, highlighting the importance of this polymorphism.
- Existence of a link between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 genotype and diet responsiveness.
- Ala12 variation carriers had a 19% type 2 diabetes risk reduction, but this association was highly heterogeneous.
- PPARgamma agonists derived from glycyrrhetinic acid induced cell-dependent caveolin-1 and KLF-4 expression through receptor-dependent pathways
- These findings provide evidence for the involvement of the nuclear hormone receptors PPAR gamma and VDR in butyrate-mediated inhibition of inducible NF kappa B activation dependent on the stimulated signalling pathway.
- PPARgamma was expressed in HT-29 cells and PPARgamma activation could inhibit cell growth through inducing apoptosis and suppressing the cell cycle
- Changes in DNA methylation at adipogenic promoters during cellular aging.
- Apoptotic action of PPARG activation in non-small-cell lung carcinoma is mediated via proline oxidase-induced ROS formation.
- thiazolidinedione increases FABP4 plasma concentrations in diabetic patients, reflecting PPARgamma activation
- The adipocyte-specific gamma2 isoform of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is now considered to be one of the best-replicated genetic risk factors of common type 2 diabetes
- analysis of the link between PPARgamma and calcium signaling and description of the role of DSCR1 in transformation of epithelial cells
- This data suggests that the regulation of O2(.-) is located at the crossroads between LDL signaling and cell proliferation.
- the Ala12 allele of PPARG2 may be an independent factor associated with low serum hs-CRP levels in Japanese females
- We did not find the PPARG Ala allele to be associated with increased BMI or waist circumference overall. We did find the Ala allele to be associated with increased BMI in those with high dietary PUFA and PUFA:SFA ratio.
- PPARgamma is within the RFX5.CIITA complex as judged by co-immunoprecipitation and DNA affinity precipitation studies
- it was recently demonstrated that PPARgamma has cytoplasmatic activities, and therefore, the MEK-dependent shuttle may also represent a mechanism for control of the extra-nuclear/nongenomic actions of PPARgamma.
- Results show that PPARgamma expression is a general phenomenon, and its low level should not affect the efficiency of selective modulators in colon cancer treatment.
- stimulation of ppargamma produces antiinflammatory effects which may influence the atherosclerotic process.
- PAX8PPARgamma increases thyroid cell viability and has opposite effects on thyroid-specific gene expression, suggesting that the presence of this rearrangement may contribute to the malignant transformation of thyroid follicular cells.
- Polymorphisms in PPARG associated with increased weight and body mass index are also associated with low (poor) compensatory eating behavior.
- Polymorphisms within the PPARG2 gene are associated with insulin resistance and obesity.
- HCG secreted by the invasive trophoblast, likely the hyperglycosylated form of hCG, but not by the syncytiotrophoblast, promotes trophoblast invasion and may be a PPARgamma target gene in trophoblast invasion process.
- Activation of PPAR-gamma by atorvastatin is mediated solely by 15DPGJ(2), whereas pioglitazone activates PPAR-gamma both directly and indirectly via 15DPGJ(2)
- PEDF induces human umbilical vein endothelial cells apoptosis through the sequential induction of PPARgamma and p53 overexpression.
- an association between the PPARG Pro12Ala variant and body mass index was detected, with male carriers of the Ala variant presenting a higher mean body mass index than wild-type homozygotes (28.3 vs 26.2 kg/m2, P = 0.037). No effect was detected in women
- The presence of the variant alleles in the PPARgamma2 gene suggests benefits in food intake control
- PPARgamma regulates the function of human dendritic cells primarily by altering lipid metabolism.
- This paper reviews the interrelation of PPAR-gamma ligands and activated mitogen-activated protein kinases-3 and -1(ERK1/2), in relation to their antineoplastic actions in cancer cell lines, which may offer the potential for improved anticancer therapies
- These data demonstrate that PPARgamma activation skews human monocytes toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype.
- PPAR gamma2 exon 2 and exon 6 gene polymorphism is not associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy in Turkish type 2 diabetic patients.
- No evidence of association of APOBEC1 and PPARG with gallstone susceptibility was detected.
- The findings suggest that PPARG polymorphism might affect the plasma proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid and modulate the associations of fish intake and marine n-3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism and fasting free fatty acids.
- S 26948 as a selective PPARgamma ligand with distinctive coactivator recruitment and gene expression profile, reduced adipogenic effect, and improved biological responses in vivo.
- The PPARgamma Pro12Ala polymorphism may be a shared risk marker of both impaired fasting glucose and gastric cancer in Japanese.
- PPAR-gamma expression is enhanced in monocytes and macrophages from healthy smokers
- A new loss-of-function PPARG mutation, D424N, located in the ligand-binding domain of the protein, leads to familial partial lipodystrophy.
- PPARgamma agonists have diverging and overlapping mechanisms blocking transactivation of transcription factors NF-kappaB and C/EBPbeta.
- We found that PPARgamma targets a palindromic repeat with a 3-bp spacer (Pal3) in the proximal human renin promoter. Renin is the first gene described with a functional Pal3 sequence. PPARgamma agonists also stimulated renin gene expression.
- in neuronal cultured cells, the Pro12Ala substitution does not affect the anti-amyloidogenic capacity of PPAR-gamma
- Small body weight at birth may program lower fat-free mass in adolescents carrying the Ala12 allele in the PPARgamma-2 gene.
- In this study, no association is seen between the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR gamma 2 gene and the type 2 diabetes in Qatar.
- Reprot the cytoprotective effect of tauroursodeoxycholate on hepatocyte apoptosis induced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand.
- PEDF induces macrophage apoptosis and necrosis through the signaling of PPARgamma.
- all variables related to obesity showed a higher trend in Pro12Ala heterozygous subjects compared to Pro12Pro homozygous subjects; Pro12Ala heterozygous subjects showed an increasing trend of elevated blood pressure compared to Pro12Pro homozygotes
- polymorphism in the PPARgamma2 gene was positively associated with an enlarged area of small dense low-density lipoprotein 4-7
- PPAR gamma C161T polymorphism was associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in a Chinese population. T allele of the PPAR gamma gene might have a protective effect on the progression of CAD and reduce the onset of acute coronary syndrome.
- PPARgamma receptors possess evident tumor promoting properties but in this review, the receptor independent effects of its ligands compound the understanding of its biology in cancers.
- These findings help to define the molecular mechanism driving the high expression of PPARgamma1 in breast cancer and raise new questions regarding the role of MAZ in cancer progression.
- The protective effect of polyunsaturated fat intake on myocardial infarction is attenuated in carriers of the Ala12 allele of PPARG
- the results confirmed involvement of the PPARgamma pathway in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- analysis of ligand-escape pathways from the ligand-binding domain of PPARgamma receptor
- Data show that PPARgamma-mediated gene transcription was repressed by Vpr produced as a consequence of direct infection of adipocytes and in turn suppress differentiation of preadipocytes.
- exposure of BAL cells or purified alveolar macrophages to IFN-gamma resulted in dose-dependent repression of PPARgamma mRNA in both sarcoidosis and controls.
- Suggest that PPAR-g Pro12Ala may affect blood lipid levels and the abdominal fat storage of diabetic Ugyurs and Kazaks and may be associated with fat storage and insulin resistance in Hans.
- (NMR) study on the GW1929-bound peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligand-binding domain (LBD)
- results provide further support of the association between the PPARG2 Ala12 allele and risk of overweight or obesity in Mestizos and two Amerindian populations from Mexico
- PPARG and KCNJ11 variants that are known to influence individual predisposition to type 2 diabetes do not appear to have pleiotropic effect on early growth
- Parvin-beta might influence breast cancer progression
- Single nucleotide polymorphismss in the PPAR-gamma, but not PGC-1alpha, gene are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease susceptibility possibly through the adiponectin pathway.
- PPARalpha,gamma DNA methylation induced by Hcy may represent an important mechanism to explain atherosclerosis.
- Antineoplastic effects of PPARgamma in non-small-cell lung neoplasms are mediated by suppression of COX-2 via inhibition of NF-kappaB.
- alanine variant of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARgamma might be associated with decreased risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes
- PPAR gamma regulates involucrin expression by controlling the AP-1 signal and p38 activation in 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3-induced keratinocyte differentiation.
- PPARgamma plays a negative role by directly acting on Smad and ERK phosphorylation in human endometrial cellt reated with TGF-beta1.
- The researchers found that the rs17036314, rs1801282, and rs1152003 alleles were associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus but lifestyle changes in the rs1152003 group modified risk.
- HIV-1 Tat-interacting protein 60 (Tip60) as a novel positive regulator of PPARgamma transcriptional activity.
- Transfection of CD4-positive lymphocytes with PPARgamma small interfering RNA abolished telmisartan's effect on migration, whereas blockade of the AT1R had no such effect.
- The TNFalpha concentration in serum and the TNFalpha gene expression in monocytes do not refer to the Pro12ala polymorphism of PPARgamma in patients with type 2 diabetes. 2) The Pro12Ala genotype do not influence autoimmunologic processes of diabetes.
- Variation in PPARG2 and HNF4A may interact to regulate insulin sensitivity in Mexican Americans at risk for type 2 diabetes.
- Both mouse and human melanoma cells produced more PPARalpha and PPARgamma protein compared to melanocytes.
- review of role of activation of PPARalpha, -beta/delta, or -gamma or LXRs in skin physiology and cytology and disease
- the examined polymorphisms and haplotypes of the PPARgamma gene are unlikely to be associated with susceptibility to osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
- PPAR-gamma polymorphisms and their interaction with smoking may contribute to the etiology of lung cancer
- There is a combined effect of DIO2 T92A and PPARgamma2 P12A polymorphisms on insulin resistance-related features in non-diabetic whites.
- novel amplification cycle in which PPAR-gamma activation induces production of 12- and 15-LO-derived metabolites which in turn feed back to upregulate PPAR-gamma-2's own expression
- This study was conducted to determine whether PPARgamma1 serves as a molecular link between the physiological actions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in human colon cancer cells (HT-29).
- the presence of PPAR-gamma staining can aid in the diagnosis of dedifferentiated liposarcoma
- the ERalpha signalling pathway is disrupted by PPARgamma agonists
- PPARgamma stimulation prevented activation of two GTPases, Rac1 and RhoA, which correlated with decreased monocyte adhesion to and migration across brain endothelium.
- Hypothesized interaction between cod liver oil and PPARG2 polymorphism in reducing type 1 diabetes risk is not supported.
- The RNAi approach using shRNA-expressing plasmid suppresses PPAR-gamma expression in HCT-116 cells and PPAR-gamma gene silencing promotes proliferation of CRC cells.
- PPARgamma/retinoid X receptor complex released from activated platelets in microparticles was internalized by a monocytic cell line.
- involvement of PPARgamma1 in a myriad of physiological processes further confirms that microflora-driven regulation might be important for a number of homeostatic strategies in the gut
- genetic variation at the PPARG loci may confer higher cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 15d-PGJ2 and ciglitazone down-regulate TNF-alpha-mediated osteoclast differentiation in human cells, in part via suppression of the action of MCP-1
- The PPARgamma2 promoter -689C/T polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of MI.
- Regression analysis confirmed the association of the Pro12Ala mutation of the PPARgamma gene with normal but not with overweight/obesity among Type 2 diabetes patients.
- PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma activation stimulates neoangiogenesis in umbilical veins through a VEGF-dependent mechanism.
- Pro 12Ala polymorphism of PPARgamma2 gene is associated with increase of the body mass index in patients with metabolic syndrome X.
- The metabolic effects of 12Ala carriership were influenced by free fatty acids levels - the beneficial role of 12Ala was seen only in the presence of low concentration of plasma free fatty acids
- This sample did not replicate the direct association of the PPARG Pro12Ala allele with diabetes status or preserved cognitive function. The data did suggest that risk of cognitive decline is greater when Pro12Ala carriers contract diabetes.
- There is a novel mechanism via CXCR2 induction by PPAR-gamma that can enhance the immune response in human macrophages.
- we reported for the first time that PPARgamma directly activates FasL promoter gene inducing apoptotic events in breast cancer cells.
- Current findings of PPARalpha and gamma open up the possibility of developing new therapeutic agents that modulate these nuclear receptors to control various inflammatory diseases.
- Identify PPARgamma as pivotal in vascular muscle as a regulator of vascular structure, vascular function, and blood pressure.
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is expressed in the lung and pulmonary vasculature, and its expression is reduced in the vascular lesions of patients with pulmonary hypertension
- observations point to PPAR-gamma in the context of the alveolar macrophage as a crucial factor in limiting excessive and possibly injurious inflammation in the lung
- In many tumor cells, including lung carcinoma cells, activation of PPARgamma results in decreased cellular proliferation
- PPARgamma plays an important role in controlling cell differentiation and PPARgamma ligands can modify inflammatory and fibrotic responses in pulmonary fibrosis
- SPPARgammaM5 was a potent partial agonist of human PPARgamma .
- Association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene Pro12Ala and C161T polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.
- Analysis of PPARG polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric adenocarcinoma and peptic ulcer disease is reported.
- The PPAR gamma Pro12Ala and C1431T polymorphisms are associated with increased adiposity during early childhood in a gender- and age-specific manner and independently of the PPAR delta T+294C polymorphism
- DAX-1 acts as a corepressor of PPARgamma and performs a potential function in the regulation of PPARgamma-mediated cellular differentiation.
- Results describe an antiproliferative BMP-2/PPARgamma/apoE axis in human and murine SMCs and its role in pulmonary hypertension.
- polymorphisms in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are critical susceptibility risk factors for dyslipidemias and diabetes [review]
- In whites from Italy the PPARgamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism interacts with gender in modulating BMI, thereby replicating some, but not all, earlier data obtained in different populations.
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma suppresses colonic epithelial cell turnover and colon carcinogenesis through inhibition of the beta-catenin/T cell factor pathway.
- Leukotriene E4 activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and induces prostaglandin D2 generation by human mast cells
- n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) upregulate syndecan 1 in breast cancer cellsbu activating PPARgamma, providing a chemopreventive effect.
- We conclude that P12A and C161T polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma gene are important predictors of cardiovascular event in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
- data provide evidence that Alanine 12 sequence variant is associated with a worse metabolic profile than Proline 12 and is related to differences in expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and oxidative imbalance after fat overload
- Cell-specific expression patterns of multiple PPARG transcript variants encoding for the same protein but differing in mRNA stabilities enable a fine-tuning of PPARG action.
- Data show that of four genes studied -- angiotensin-forming enzyme, PON1, PPAR-gamma, and APOE -- only PPAR-gamma and APOE showed an effect on fertility.
- syndecan 1 is up-regulated by n-3 fatty acids by a transcriptional pathway involving PPARgamma
- Activation of receptors by specific ligands of PPARgamma induces inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and terminal differentiation as well as inhibition of angiogenesis.
- Variation in the PPARG locus may influence disease progression during the first year after the presentation of T1D.
- The Ala-allele is associated with enhanced decline in GFR and predicts ESRD and all-cause mortality in patients with nephropathy.
- the strong interaction of PGC-1alpha and PPARgamma is mediated through both hydrophobic and specific polar interactions.
- The human renin Pal3 site appears to be critical for the PPARgamma-dependent regulation of gene expression.
- findings show that a defective CFTR induces up-regulation of tissue transglutaminase (TG2) in tissues & cell lines; increased TG2 activity leads to functional sequestration of PPARgamma & increase of the classic parameters of inflammation
- BMP-7 ameliorates IgA nephropathy-derived polymeric IgA-induced TNF-alpha and TGF-beta synthesis in human mesangial cells through multiple mechanisms involving inhibitory Smads and PPAR-gamma.
- Research suggests that Plo12Ala polymorphism of proliferator-activated receptor gamma may not be assocationed with the risk of developing ulcerative colitis in Japanese population.
- crucial role exerted by p21Cip1/WAF1 in PPARgamma action in thyroid neoplasm
- analysis of a novel sequence-specific synergy between PPAR-gamma ligands and chemotherapeutic agents for lung cancer treatment
- Inhibition of chemotaxis by PPAR-gamma ligands correlated with decreases in extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 activation, actin polymerization, and adherence to a fibrinogen substrate.
- The Ala12 allele of PPAR-gamma2 is associated with lower levels of soluble RAGE and the presence of peripheral arterial disease.
- PPARgamma accelerates cellular senescence; phosphorylation of PPARgamma decreased with increased cell passage
- a noncanonical PPAR-responsive element within the 5'-flanking region of the human klotho gene
- 7-hydroxyandrosterone decreased the expression of PPARG.
- PPARgamma inhibits the inflammatory response in CF, at least in part by interaction with NF-kappaB in airway epithelial cells. PPARgamma agonists may be therapeutic in CF.
- Report does not support a role for PPARG P12A polymorphism in future risk of acute myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease or ischemic stroke.
- PPARG gene does not play a major role in the genetic predisposition to AD in the Finnish population.
- altered activity of PPARgamma2 may correlate with decreased PPAR-mediated signaling
- The anticancer effects of ciglitazone may not depend solely on PPARgamma activation.
- Jab1 is overexpressed in HCC and PPARgamma ligands may suppress Jab1 to inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells
- Gene variants of CDKAL1, PPARG, IGF2BP2, HHEX, TCF7L2, and FTO predispose to type 2 diabetes in the German KORA 500 K study population.
- PPARG2 SNPs revealed a significant association with type 2 diabetes
- analysis of the molecular basis of PPAR gamma discrimination of various naturally occurring fatty acid derivatives
- Conclude that PPARgamma activation is essential to elicit the anti-carcinogenic action of herbal isoprenols in colonic cancer cells.
- A functional role of PPARgamma/RXRalpha and Oct-1 in the regulation of the FABP2 gene.
- The effect of XIAP inhibition and PPARgamma activation in colon cancer, was explored.
- We didn't find evidence of interaction between PPARD and PPARG. No association was observed for analysed polymorphisms at CAPN5 or PPARG genes.
- PPARgamma amino acid sequencqe allele may confer protection against overweight in the Tunisian population.
- Endothelial PPAR gamma is a critical mediator of vascular function; its loss through dominant-negative interference in the aorta of transgenic mice causes endothelial dysfunction through a mechanism involving oxidative stress.
- Alterations in inflammatory serum markers appear Ato be a feature of polycystic ovary syndrome, and are independent of PPAR gamma variants.
- FOXA1 and IRF-1 intermediary transcriptional regulators of PPARgamma-induced urothelial cytodifferentiation
- PPAR gamma rearrangements can detect a subset of follicular-patterned thyroid carcinomas in preoperative thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies
- Changed expression of downstream PPARgamma targets after stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) knockdown suggests that PPARgamma up-regulation of SCD leads to increased lipogenesis and potentiation of adiponectin signaling.
- These findings suggest that dietary fat has a significant influence on bone mineral density that is dependent on the alleles present for the PPARG gene.
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta agonist enhances vasculogenesis by regulating endothelial progenitor cells through genomic and nongenomic activations of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway
- Lipodystrophic PPARG P467L phenotype includes excessive and uncontrolled generation of non-esterified fatty acids directly from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
- PPARgamma regulates pdx-1 transcription in beta-cells
- PAR-5359, a well-balanced PPARalpha/gamma dual agonist, exhibits equivalent antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities in vitro and in vivo.
- findings suggest lowered brain weight of PKU patients may thus be the result of reduced neuroblast proliferation caused by phenylalanine-induced stimulation of PPARgamma receptors
- review of expression and functions of klotho and the upregulation of klotho by PPARG
- findings identify a novel CREB3L2-PPARgamma gene fusion mutation in thyroid carcinoma and reveal a thyroid signaling pathway that is regulated by intramembrane proteolysis and disrupted in cancer
- Despite the high frequency of the Ala allele at the PPAR-gamma2 gene in our population of Polish men, the Ala12 allele does not appear to improve insulin sensitivity or have an influence on the occurrence of obesity.
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is frequently over-expressed in androgen independent prostate cancer cell lines and human prostate cancer tissues
- PPARgamma and TP53 genes may be candidates for molecular markers in pediatric MDS, and that these potentially recurrent deletions could contribute to the identification of therapeutic approaches in primary pediatric MDS
- ApoC-IV overexpression may perturb lipid metabolism leading to lipid accumulation. HCV core protein may modulate ApoC-IV expression through Ku antigen and PPARgamma/RXRalpha complex.
- apoptotic cells induce PPARgamma sumoylation to attenuate the removal of NCoR, thereby blocking transactivation of NF-kappaB.
- Human PPAR-gamma plays a critical physiological role as a central transcriptional regulator of both adipogenic and lipogenic programs. Its transcriptional activity is induced by the binding of endogenous and synthetic lipophilic ligands. [review]
- HO-1 as a negative regulator of trophoblast motility acting via up-regulation of PPARgamma.
- PPARgamma negatively controls multiple myeloma growth and viability in part through inhibition of interleukin-6 production by bone marrow stromal cells.
- Circulating angiogenic cells in diabetic angiopaathy is a multistage process requiring sequential activation of transcriptional factors, including STAT5 and PPARG.
- The antioxidant effect of PPARgamma is exclusively mediated by GPx3 and further imply that GPx3 may be a therapeutic target for insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus.
- Four crystal structures of the PPARgamma ligand binding domain (LBD) covalently bound to endogenous fatty acids via a unique cysteine, which is reportedly critical for receptor activation, are presented.
- There were no associations between low birth weight and blood lipids in any of the PPARgamma2 genotypes.
- Inhibition of PPARgamma activity suppresses pancreatic cancer cell motility.
- The discovery of PPARgamma as a component of human plasma exosomes identifies a potential new pathway for the paracrine transfer of nuclear receptors
- structures of intact PPAR-gamma and RXR-alpha as a heterodimer bound to DNA, ligands and coactivator peptides
- analysis of the crystal structure of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligand binding domain
- CDX1 enhanced the expression of PPARgamma gene, a master transcriptional regulator of intestinal differentiation, at the transcriptional level, via functional interaction with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha).
- the presence of the Ala allele at the PPARG/Pro12Ala polymorphism and the Ser allele at the PPARGC1A/Gly482Ser polymorphism may be a predisposing factor for sarcoidosis.
- ASF/SF2 and PPAR-gamma determines the ratio of UCP3 isoforms.
- The effect of LDL particles showing extensive or low oxidation (HoxLDL and LoxLDL) on the expression of CD36 and FcgammaRII in a human monocytic cell line and the involvement of PPARgamma, was investigated.
- The 1.9A crystal structure ofPPARgamma C285S mutant LBD, which is bound to 15d-PGJ2 in the covalent modification-independent manner was determined.
- Results show that a novel nucleotide variant A-2819G, in the regulatory region of PPARG, is associated with type 2 diabetes and with proliferative retinopathy in females in an Italian cohort.
- The Y473A mutant is selectively stimulated by telmisartan but not TZDs, suggesting that telmisartan and TZDs have differential effects on the transcriptional control.