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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for PLAUR(NM_002659.3) Search again
Product ID:
HQP013207
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
CD87, U-PAR, UPAR, URKR
Gene Description:
plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor
Target Gene Accession:
NM_002659.3(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Summary
This gene encodes the receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator and, given its role in localizing and promoting plasmin formation, likely influences many normal and pathological processes related to cell-surface plasminogen activation and localized degradation of the extracellular matrix. It binds both the proprotein and mature forms of urokinase plasminogen activator and permits the activation of the receptor-bound pro-enzyme by plasmin.
Gene References into function
- uPA regulates uPAR expression at a post-transcriptional level, by promoting the binding of uPAR mRNA to a stabilizing factor.
- uPA-dependent VSMC adhesion is a function of selective Vn phosphorylation by the ectoprotein kinase CK2
- oxidative stress in AD and microglial activation establish a possible involvement of uPAR in AD pathogenesis.
- Investigation of the role of Endo180/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein as a collagenase 3 (matrix metalloproteinase 13) receptor
- Amino acid substitutions at serine residues in UPA prevent signaling through UPAR, and prevents physical association of UPAR with alphavbeta5 vitronectin receptor, which is required for MCF-7 urokinase-dependent cell migration.
- UPA receptor is weakly upregulated by bFGF in normal muscle satellite cells, while it is strongly up-regulated by TGFbeta, mainly in dystrophic myoblasts.
- Coculture of monocytes and vascular smooth muscle results in increased expression of cell surface-associated uPAR in VSMC and up-regulation of UPA in monocytes, resulting in VSMC migration.
- REVIEW: The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and cell motility.
- Targeting urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor on human glioblastoma tumors with diphtheria toxin fusion protein DTAT.
- uPA receptor is expressed in benign and malignant thyroid tumors.
- essential role in acute inflammation as well as in chronic degenerative vascular processes such as atherosclerosis
- Structural analysis of the interaction between urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor: a potential target for anti-invasive cancer therapy. Review.
- Interferon-alpha (Intron A) upregulates urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor gene expression
- interaction with urokinase mediates inhibitory signal for HIV-1 replication
- expression of uPA and uPAR is associated with the clinical behaviour of bladder neoplasms
- Human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines promote angiogenesis by providing cells with uPA-PAI-1 and by enhancing their expression.
- prognostic biomarker for endometrial cancer
- MCP-1, MCP-2 & MCP-3 increased uPAR mRNA levels in time-dependent & dose-dependent manners. Up-regulation of uPAR in target cells might be an important and common feature of chemoattractants.
- circulating UPA is not up-regulated by the circulating P105 fraction of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene: in vivo evidence from patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
- Bikunin downregulates constitutive & PMA-stimulated uPAR mRNA & protein Through suppression of upstream ERK cascade targets, whether cells were treated with exogenous bikunin or transfected with bikunin gene.
- Mutation of NFKB1 protein's promoter binding site (-45 bp) impaired the ability of ITGB3BP to downregulate this protein.
- uPA-mediated uPAR cleavage and D1 removal, occurring on the cell surface of several cell types, can play a fundamental role in the regulation of multiple uPAR functions
- seprase and the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), co-localize in the plasma membrane of LOX malignant melanoma cells
- recognition of uPA by alpha(M)beta(2) allows for formation of a multicontact trimolecular complex, in which a single uPA ligand may bind to both uPAR and alpha(M)beta(2); interaction of uPA with each receptor influences cell adhesion and migration
- Urokinase receptor surface expression regulates monocyte adhesion in acute myocardial infarction
- correlates with cox2 expression levels and is responsible for poor prognosis of colorectal cancer
- The diphtheria toxin/urokinase fusion protein (DTAT) is selectively toxic to CD87 expressing leukemic cells, showing that specific CD87 binding is one factor important in the sensitivity of patient's leukemic blasts to DTAT
- uPAR up-regulated the Mac-1 adhesion to fibrinogen, and focal adhesion kinase and MAPK were involved in this regulation
- the interaction between uPAR and Man-6-P/IGF2R is a low percentage binding event and that suPAR and full-length uPAR bind the Man-6-P/IGF2R by different mechanisms.
- uPAR expression in lung cancer is regulated at a posttranscriptional level by uPA
- The expression of uPAR was significantly correlated with gastric tumor size, depth, lymph node involvement, differentiation & vascular invasion.
- Plasma uPAR levels are greater in those with bladder cancer than in healthy subjects (P <0.001) and greatest in patients with metastases to distant lymph nodes (P = 0.042).
- urokinase receptor D2 contains two distinct ligand binding sites for urokinase-type plasminogen activator and vitronectin
- data indicating that the structure of the kringle as well as its interaction with the growth factor domain govern urokinase binding to the urokinase receptor
- Results suggest that uPAR can engage distinct signaling pathways involving different partner proteins that are functionally and physically segregated from one another in both lipid raft and non-raft domains of the plasma membrane.
- Results suggest that Endo180 is a crucial link between urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor and setting of the internal cellular compass.
- predictors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression (review)
- signaling for the uPAR response, as mediated by B. burgdorferi, proceeds with CD14 and TLR2 as partial contributors
- Significant increases in uPAR were found in pretreatment determinations of patients with advanced small-cell lung cancer or non-small-cell lung cancer.
- urokinase and urokinase receptor mRNAs are stabilized by HuR linked to its cytoplasmic accumulation induced by activated mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2
- Reduced expression of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is associated poorly differentiated ovarian tumors and metastases
- uPA and uPAR are up-regulated during acute renal allograft rejection
- role of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and c-erbB-2 in breast and ovarian cancer
- uPAR plays an active role in breast cancer metastasis and may therefore be a promising target for new biologic therapies.
- uPAR and integrin receptors synergistically regulate the levels of fibronectin in the extracellular matrix
- up-regulation of uPAR expression by Bcl-2 in hypoxia is modulated by Sp1 DNA binding activity through the ERK signaling pathway
- IL-1-induced expression of UPAR and its co-localization with MMPs were studied in articular chondrocytes.
- Irradiation induced tumor hypoxia, and tumor hypoxia induced up-regulation of uPAR in human melanoma xenografts in nude mice.
- These results demonstrate that phosphoglycerate kinase regulates uPAR expression at the post-transcriptional level.
- enhanced levels of suPAR fragments in the urine of cancer patients is likely to originate from uPAR expressed in the tumour tissue
- Western blotting of endothelial cell surface of a number of sites showed higher amounts of tissue plasminogen activator annexin II on cerebral endothelial cell. In contrast, expression of u-PA receptor was the same for all ECs
- KLF4 is a novel regulator of u-PAR expression that drives the synthesis of u-PAR in the luminal surface epithelial cells of the colon
- Results suggest that hypoxia increases tumor cell invasion by up-regulating urokinase plasmalogen activator receptor expression, possibly through ERK and p38 kinase signaling pathways.
- Data indicate that uPAR is potentially an important prognostic factor in bladder carcinoma.
- demonstrated focused activation of proteolytic enzymatic activity in several cell types and showed that the uPA/uPAR system is an important contributor to focal pericellular proteolysis
- uPAR forms a signaling complex containing integrin alpha(v)beta3 or alpha5beta1, caveolin, & Src kinase Yes in endothelial cells. uPAR is a target of HKa activity at the endothelial cell surface.
- Overexpression of uPAR in the central nervous system of patients with AIDS dementia suggests that the uPA/uPAR system may contribute to the tissue injury and neuronal damage in this disease.
- the promoter region of uPAR from -136 to +9 may interact with relevant nuclear factors, resulting in various levels of uPAR expression
- Data describe the cyclic variation and distribution of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) mRNA in normal endometrium.
- Amounr is significantly increased during storage of blood transfusion components, an accumulation that is reduced using pre-storage leucofiltration.
- Antisense to uPAR significantly restricted invasion of the highly invasive DU145 WT cells through Matrigel and reduced aggressiveness of tumors in nude mice.
- uPA/uPAR ligation anchors the complex to the actin cytoskeleton and is a part of the mechanism responsible for uPA-induced cell migration in fibroblasts.
- cleavage of juxtamembrane domain by plasmin
- Increased expression of plasminogen activator, urokinase receptors is associated with transitional cell carcinoma of the human bladder
- gene expression of the uPAR and underlying mechanisms were analyzed during the development of atherosclerosis in the aorta of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
- G-CSF-induced upregulation of uPAR on circulating CD33+ and CD14+ cells, increased uPAR shedding & serum c-suPAR, which could contribute to the mobilization of HSCs by promoting their FPR-mediated migration and by inducing CXCR4 desensitization.
- Human basophils express the urokinase receptor on their surface in both the intact (domains D1D2D3) and the cleaved (D2D3) form.
- uPAR immunoreactivity correlated with the mRNA expression and was, in addition, found in neutrophils in prostttic cancer.
- These findings suggest that AdCC has a proclivity for migrating to types I and IV collagens due to the overexpression of uPAR, which plays a key role in focal adhesion assembly and migration.
- importance of uPAR to define higher risk subgroups of breast cancer patients with micrometastatic disease
- uPAR plays a key role in promoting macrophage infiltration into the arterial wall of ApoE(-/-) mice
- urokinase receptor proteolytic function is regulated by the tetraspanin CD82
- Direct binding of uPAR with alpha5beta1 implies a modified "bent" integrin conformation can function in an alternative activation state with this and possibly other cis-acting membrane ligands.
- review of signal transduction and events linking the uPA/uPAR system to cell growth and apoptosis
- expression and assembly of uPAR co-receptors in a specific cell type determines the response to uPA
- uPAR and MMP-9 have roles in inhibiting cell proliferation and can reduce the levels of phosphorylated forms of MAPK, ERK, and AKT signaling pathway
- basic capacity of separated epithelial and stromal cells from all three types of tissue to release uPA, PAI-1, and suPAR without any paracrine influence, as in vivo
- review of mechanisms by which uPAR participates not only in the modulation of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, but also in the control of extracellular signals determining the proliferative state of a cell
- UPA-R positivity may identify subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia and thus a more intensive induction therapy regimen could be considered.
- Plasma levels of different forms are incsreased and associated with immune activation in HIV patients, and are an independent predictors of mortality in these patients.
- Domain 2 of the urokinase receptor plays a pivotal role in the regulation of uPAR-integrin alphavbeta3 interactions
- urokinase receptor-derived SRSRY peptide regulates cross-talk between fMLP and vitronectin receptors
- The level of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) does not correlate with cerebrospinal fluid to serum albumin ratio, suggesting an unimportant role for uPAR in HIV-induced blood-brain-barrier disruption.
- Expression in noninvasive tumors suggests that uPAR may have other biologic functions in addition to promotion of tumor invasion.
- specific streptococcal surface protein-pharyngeal cell receptor interaction mediated by Streptococcal surface dehydrogenase and uPAR is modulated during group A Streptococcus infection
- uPAR mRNA binding activity as well as PGK-mediated regulation of uPAR mRNA are independent of PGK enzymatic activity
- A novel mechanism of uPAR gene regulation in lung epithelial cells was shown in which cis elements within a 110 nt uPAR mRNA 3'UTR sequence interact with hnRNPC to regulate uPAR mRNA stability.
- Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is overexpressed in renal cell carcinoma and could function as tumour marker.
- a complex signaling network operating downstream of uPA-uPAR actively advances tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and survival of prostate cancer cells
- The uPAR-associated protein up-regulation is involved in the process of extracellular matrix proteins degradation and HUVEC cell-migration.
- Both wild-type (wt) and human cleavage resistant-uPAR are able to mediate uPA-induced migration, are constitutively associated with the EGFR, and associate with alpha3beta1 integrin upon uPA binding
- Our results suggest that PAI-1 is a novel potential marker of initial invasion in oral SCC, and that the coordinated expression of PAI-1 with uPAR and lam-gamma2 sustain the features of the early invasive cancer cells.
- crystal structure at 1.9 angstroms of the urokinase receptor complexed with the urokinase amino-terminal fragment and an antibody against the receptor
- These results demonstrated that uPAR is induced by hypoxia and that increased uPAR expression is mediated by ERK phosphorylation, which in turn is modulated by iNOS/NO in MDA-MB-231 cells.
- Here we demonstrate uPAR is a target for tissue kallikrein 4[hK4], cleaved in the D1-D2 linker and D3 domain. hK4 may modulate tumor-associated uPA/uPAR activity by activating the pro-enzyme form of uPA or cleaving the cell surface-associated uPA recepto
- IL-1alpha can induce selective upregulation of alpha6beta1-integrin and uPA/uPAR in pancreatic cancer cells and these changes may modulate the aggressive functions of pancreatic cancer.
- This study supports matrix-induced clustering of alpha3beta1 integrin promotes uPAR/alpha3beta1 interaction; potentiating cellular signal transduction pathways culminating in activation of uPA expression and enhanced uPA-dependent invasive behavior.
- In situ hybridization revealed a strong expression signal for SGRG in spermatogonia, but not in spermatocytes.
- Results clearly suggest the involvement of the uPA-uPAR system in cell survival and proliferation in addition to their role in tumor progression.
- These results suggest that low glucose levels in malignant cancers increase tumour cell invasiveness by stimulating urokinase plasminogen activator and plasmin activity.
- endothelial progenitor cells are characterized by high intrinsic uPA/uPAR-dependent proteolytic potential that could contribute to their invasive and angiogenic behaviour
- ligand engagement of uPAR promotes cell survival by activating Bcl-xL transcription through the MEK/ERK- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathways
- Intratumoral injections of the plasmid vector expressing siRNA for uPAR resulted in regression of pre-established, subcutaneous meningioma tumors.
- Novel pathway for uPAR regulation involving reactive oxygens such as superoxide anion.
- urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its soluble receptor may not have roles in progression of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome, as plasma levels of uPA and suPAR are similar in patients at different stages of AEDS and healthy subjects
- aspirin upregulates steady-state level expression of uPAR mRNA as well as expression of uPAR protein.
- Data suggest that the function of alphaMbeta2 integrin domain and integrin-like domain is disrupted, possibly by stearic shielding, by uPAR when both uPAR and alphaMbeta2 integrin molecules interact.
- uPAR cell surface density may be a contributory factor in colon cancer progression.
- study shows uPA & uPAR are overexpressed in primary prostate cancer cells & surrounding stromal cells (Gleason score >/=7) & more than 90% lymph node metastases but not in normal prostate, benign prostate hyperplasia or prostatic intraepithelial neoplasi
- A novel intragenic enhancer in the u-PAR gene required for constitutive and inducible expression was defined.
- uPAR expression of lung airway epithelial cells is regulated at the level of mRNA stability by inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase-mediated dephosphorylation of uPAR mRNA binding proteins and demonstrate that the process involves SHP2.
- Expression of HER-2 and uPAR in primary tumors predicted gene status in 100 and 92% of patients, respectively
- Pro188, Asn190, Gly191, and Arg192 residues of uPAR are the key residues for the antibody recognition, while Pro189 and Arg192 render specificity of ATN615 for human uPAR
- Urokinase receptor (uPAR) is required for maximal alpha5beta1 integrin-dependent responses to fibronectin that promote tumor cell invasion.
- Proteolytic regulation of uPAR by airway trypsin-like kinase is likely to modulate cell adherence and motility, as well as tissue remodeling during the inflammatory response in the airways.
- Elevation of plasma uPA and uPAR levels in CaP patients are partly caused by local release from the prostate. Plasma levels of uPA and uPAR are associated with biologically aggressive CaP, disease progression after radical prostatectomy, and metastasis
- These data suggest Pdcd4 as a new negative regulator of intravasation, and qas the invasion-related gene u-PAR. It is the first study to implicate Pdcd4 regulation of gene expression via Sp1/Sp3.
- uPAR of cancerous cells was more often observed in lobular carcinomas.
- uPAR behaves as a lynchpin in promoting tumorigenesis by forming functionally active multiprotein complexes.
- PLAUR and the somatomedin B region of VTN direct the localization of UPA to focal adhesions in microvessel endothelial cells.
- ERK cascade regulates motility of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via uPAR production and p70S6K phosphorylation.
- forced expression of urokinase receptor coupled with exogenous addition of urokinase restored migration of CTR-knock-down spheroids.
- These data support a novel hypothesis that maintaining full-length uPAR on the cell surface regulates the fibroblast to myofibroblast transition and that down-regulation of uPAR is necessary for myofibroblast differentiation.
- These data suggest that Src-induced u-PAR gene expression and invasion/intravasation in vivo is also mediated via AP-1 region -190/-171, especially bound with c-Jun phosphorylated at Ser(73/63).
- LasB is able to cleave uPAR both within the sequence linking D1 to D2 and at the carboxy terminus of D3.
- Altered expression of UPAR was observed in high-risk soft tissue sarcomas.
- These observations demonstrate a novel regulatory role for p53 as a uPAR mRNA binding protein that down-regulates uPAR expression, destabilizes uPAR mRNA, and thereby contributes to the viability of human airway epithelial or lung carcinoma cells.
- A direct uPAR-vitronectin interaction is both required and sufficient to initiate downstream changes in cell morphology, migration, and signal transduction.
- Simultaneous down-regulation of uPAR and uPA induced caspase-8 mediated apoptosis.
- Results suggest that in hypoxia, uPAR activates diverse cell signaling pathways that cooperatively induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition and may promote cancer metastasis.
- High tumour cell C4.4A expression is associated with shorter survival for non-small cell lung cancer patients.
- review of uPA - uPAR interactions with membrane proteins to modify signal transduction pathways and their role in oral squamous cell carcinoma
- uPAR-del4/5 and rab31 mRNA represent independent prognostic markers in breast cancer and may be components of different, but possibly associated, tumor-relevant signaling pathways.
- The role of the ligand uPA on uPAR localization and on the composition of the lipid membrane microdomains, is studied.
- Plasma suPAR levels, as measured by the suPARnostic(R) assay, were strongly predictive of survival in ART-naive HIV-1 infected patients. Furthermore, plasma suPAR levels were not influenced by uPAR promoter polymorphisms.
- elevated in polycystic ovary syndrome
- The carotid atherosclerosis is independently related to uPA/its soluble receptor system in dialysis patients
- The data demonstrate that cell surface protein assemblies are important in regulating the dynamics and localization of uPAR at the cell membrane and the exchange of monomers and dimers.
- uPAR is required to activate alphavbeta3 integrin in podocytes, promoting cell motility and activation of the small GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1
- suPAR, a soluble form of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, inhibits human prostate cancer cell growth and invasion.
- the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor is upregulated by lysophosphatidic acid in human gastric cancer cells
- suPAR associated to important glucose metabolic aberrations in HIV-infected patients on HAART; suPAR was stable after a glucose challenge
- A composite role of vitronectin and urokinase in the modulation of cell morphology upon expression of the urokinase receptor.
- reports the crystal structures of uPAR in complex with both urokinase (uPA) and vitronectin and reveal that uPA occupies the central cavity of the receptor, whereas vitronectin binds at the outer side of the receptor
- UPAR mediates anticancer activity of PEDF.
- The structural biology of uPAR is reviewed with special emphasis on its multidomain composition and the interaction with its natural protein ligands
- Role of the serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its high affinity receptor uPAR/CD87 in chronic kidney disease [REVIEW].
- distribution of genotypes and frequencies of alleles of the (CA)(n) repeat polymorphism in intron 3 of the uPAR gene, uPAR antigen levels and microvessel density in tumour and distant mucosa samples from 52 patients with colorectal cancer
- Report increased expression of uPAR by Helicobacter pylori in gastric epithelial cells.
- analysis of conformational changes in the alpha(M)beta(2) headpiece and reorientation of its transmembrane domains when alpha(M)beta(2) interacts with uPAR
- urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor has a role in oral squamous cell carcinoma
- Interaction of SRPX2 with uPAR involved in the functioning, the development and disorders of the speech cortex.
- uPAR cooperates with integrin complexes containing beta(3) integrin to drive formation of the p130Cas-CrkII signaling complex and activation of Rac, resulting in a Rac-driven elongated-mesenchymal morphology, cell motility, and invasion.
- Free fatty acids modify the expression for uPAR in the PMA-differentiated human monocyte/macrophage-like cell line U937.
- Differential proteome expression is associated with UPAR suppression in malignant epithelial cancer.
- the simultaneous downregulation of uPAR and MMP-9 induces apoptosome-mediated apoptosis through FADD-associated protein RIP and caspase 9
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether UPAR co-localises with macrophages in symptomatic carotid plaques, and whether UPAR expression is associated with plaque rupture.
- Enhanced expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor is associated with the invasion of glioblastoma.
- uPA/uPAR downregulation inhibits radiation-induced migration, invasion and angiogenesis in IOMM-Lee meningioma cells and decreases tumor growth in vivo.
- Expression of kallikrein 7 diminishes pancreatic cancer cell adhesion to vitronectin and enhances urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor shedding.
- suPAR, prevents the interaction of urokinase with membrane-anchored uPAR on residual normal cells.
- These results indicate that, in addition to the ligand-induced endocytosis of uPAR, efficient surface expression and membrane trafficking might also be driven by an uncommon macropinocytic mechanism coupled with rapid recycling to the cell surface.
- EGF induces uPAR expression via ERK-1/2, AP-1, and NF-kappaB signaling pathways and, in turn, stimulates cell invasiveness in human gastric cancer AGS cells
- study evaluated the expression level of uPAR mRNA and the presence of isolated tumour cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood in gastric cancer patients and clarified its clinical significance
- analysis of urokinase, urokinase receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in colon cancer liver metastases
- Urokinase & its receptor UPAR exert a regulatory effect on physiologic cell migration as well as tumor growth and metastasis. Review.