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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for PGR(NM_000926.4) Search again
Product ID:
HQP013099
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
NR3C3, PR
Gene Description:
progesterone receptor
Target Gene Accession:
NM_000926.4(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
This gene encodes a member of the steroid receptor superfamily. The encoded protein mediates the physiological effects of progesterone, which plays a central role in reproductive events associated with the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy.
Gene References into function
- isoform-specific genes can be used to screen for ligands that selectively modulate the activity of PR-A or PR-B
- these results show that although estrogen can up-regulate endogenous PR gene expression in osteoblasts via both ER isoforms, ER-alpha is the predominant inducer.
- cloning and genomic organization
- May be an important finding in attempting to characterize both the molecular etiology of implantation and the molecular pathophysiology of spontaneous abortion.
- The polymorphism of the progesterone receptor (PR) is not associated with a reduced or increased risk of breast cancer. However, this study cannot exclude a small reduced or increased risk associated with the T allele, especially the rare TT genotype.
- New human breast cancer cells to study isoform ratio effects and ligand-independent gene regulation.
- consistent occurrence of progesterone-receptor immunoreactivity in meningothelioid nodules detected in surgical specimens of lung carcinomas
- Coactivator/corepressor ratios modulate progesteronse receptor-mediated transcription by RU486
- Progesterone receptor activates its promoter activity thru an active Sp1 site in human endometrial stromal cells. hPRA capability was stronger than hPRB. The ligand binding domain, but not DNA-binding domain, of hPR was required for transactivation.
- appears to be uniformly expressed in leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD)nodules from premenopausal and postmenopausal women, supporting the contention that hormones influence the development of LPD in all cases, regardless of menopausal status
- decrease in estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor A and B concentration in the early phase of first stage labor may play a role in cervical dilation at term
- conclude that autoinhibition and transrepression involve N-terminal sumoylation combined with intramolecular N/C-terminal communication
- down-regulation of PRA is associated with the development of ovarian epithelial carcinoma
- statistically significant association between the +331G/A polymorphism and the risk of endometrial cancer
- significantly higher percentage of spermatozoa with physiologically active plasma membrane lacked progesterone receptor expression in all categories of men with infertility
- Progesterone receptor mRNA variant containing novel exon insertions between exon 4 and exon 5 in human uterine endometrium. The i45 PR mRNA variant was detected in uterine endometrial cancer and in normal endometrium.
- progesterone may be involved in regulation of the growth and development of neurogenic tumors via progesterone receptor
- studies suggest that the cooperative interaction of the estrogen receptor with Fos and Jun proteins helps confer estrogen responsiveness to the endogenous progesterone receptor gene
- model to study functional differences between progesterone receptors A and B isoforms in human endometrial carcinoma cells revealed distinctive differences in target gene regulation between the two
- Sumoylation was shown to increase progesterone receptor-SRC-1 interaction
- low PR status may serve as an indicator of activated growth factor signaling in breast tumor cells, and therefore of an aggressive tumor phenotype and resistance against hormonal therapy
- a regulatory role for MAPK in nuclear steroid hormone receptor subcellular localization
- small, hormone-receptor-positive breast cancers (with a theoretical good prognosis) may carry an elevated risk of nodal involvement if accumulation of uPA-PAI-1 complexes is shown inside their tumour cells by means of immunohistochemistry.
- Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor concentrations and ERalpha transcription levels were not statistically different between ethnic backgrounds.A causative role for these receptors in the ethnic variation of leiomyoma seems unlikely
- 2 domains of PRB, ERID-I and -II, mediate a direct interaction with the ligand-binding domain of ERalpha. ERID-I and ERID-II flank a proline cluster responsible for binding of PRB to c-Src.
- Cloning and expression of a new truncated, progesterone receptor.
- analysis of isoforms of progesterone receptor
- PR-A and PR-B have a role in progesterone-dependent gene transcription in the uterus involving select KLF members
- Novel alternatively spliced variant with a deletion of 52 base pairs in exon 6 of the progesterone receptor is associated with breast cancer
- lack of progesterone receptor in breast cancer is associated with aneuploidy and median S-phase fraction
- Data show that differential recruitment of coactivators by progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors determines the assembly of coactivator complexes on target promoters to mediate specific transcription signals.
- Results provided in vitro evidence of the close association of progesterone receptor with differentiation in breast cancer.
- that SMRT and DAX-1 repress agonist-dependent activity of progesterone receptors
- malignant ovarian epithelial cells demonstrated multiple alterations in the expression of estrogen receptor-alpha, estrogen receptor-beta, progesterone receptor A, and progesterone receptor B
- Progesterone receptor promoter methylation may be a molecular marker in various cancer detections.
- Two isoforms of this protein stabilize active receptor conformers within an ensemble distribution of active and inactive conformational states.
- Loss of PR expression in human endometrial cancer may lead to development of a more invasive phenotype of the respective tumor.
- A novel protein-mediated activity in rabbit reticulocyte lysates is required in an additional, heretofore unrecognized, activation step required for PR to become transcriptionally competent on chromatin templates.
- glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid cross-talk with PR to produce progesterone-like effects in breast cancer cells
- Progesterone receptor transcription and non-transcription signaling mechanisms [review]
- selective contribution of the two PR isoforms to progesterone action
- human PR gene is regulated by multiple transcription factors and that the differential binding of these dynamically regulated trans-acting factors influences gene expression.
- prostaglandins acting via protein kinase C pathway facilitate functional progesterone withdrawal by increasing the myometrial progesterone receptor-A and -B expression ratio
- Molecular chaperone involvement in steroid receptor subnuclear trafficking provided by the ATP-dependent recovery of nuclear mobility of glucorticoid and progesterone receptors.
- In endometrial cancers colocalization of PRA and PRB was infrequent, and there was no relationship between even and focal PR isoform distribution, unlike the normal endometrium
- examination of regulation by estrogen response element half site and Sp1 sites
- expression is controlled by estrogen receptor alpha and estradiol
- progesterone receptor PR-A has a role in progression of breast neoplasms
- Data show that in myometrial cells, progesterone receptor B exhibits strong progesterone-dependent transcriptional activity that is dependent on the presence of two LXXLL motifs within the AF3 domain.
- Finds no association between the PGR +331G/A single nucleotide polymorphism and breast cancer.
- Data suggest that the G331A polymorphism in the progesterone receptor gene may influence the risk for panic disorder in women.
- Data show that CCND1 promoter activation by estrogens in human breast cancer cells is mediated by recruitment of a c-Jun/c-Fos/estrogen receptor alpha/progesterone receptor complex to the tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-responsive element of the gene.
- PR-A and PR-B are expressed in germ cells of human testis in a stage-specific manner.
- expressions of both isoforms A and B significantly correlated with biologically malignant potential - esp endometrial
- isoform p4 is a potent regulator of GnRHRI at the transcriptional level as well as GnRH I mRNA.
- PR-A:PR-B ratios, even in the absence of progesterone, influence the biology and treatment response of estrogen receptor+ tumors; and PR-A isoforms are functionally dominant in P-deficient states and have a role in tumor aggressiveness
- Effects of the progesterone receptor modulator CDB-2914 on proliferative activity and apoptosis in cultured human uterine leiomyoma cells.
- Increased transcriptional activity was due to increased stability resulting in higher expression of mutant progesterone receptor. May participate in ovarian carcinogenesis.
- cyclin A/Cdk2 has a role as a progesterone receptor coactivator
- Loss of progesterone receptors is associated with prostatic tumors
- ER-beta and PR mRNA expressed by endometrial endothelial cells is differentially regulated by treatment with estrogen or progestin.
- Variation in PGR was associated with higher ovarian cancer risk, the same variation was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, but the association was not statistically significant.
- PR genes in migraine with the 594A variant showed that individuals who possessed at least one copy of both risk alleles were 3.2 times more likely to suffer migraine.
- the effect of estrogen is markedly disrupted by estrogen-independent expression of progesterone receptor in breast cancer cells
- Active displacement of PR from the MMTV promoter during chromatin remodeling in vitro and in vivo is ligand specific, and factor displacement is an important component of receptor mobility.
- PPARalpha has a role in CYP4X1 regulation, and the glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors have roles in CYP4Z1 gene activation
- Function and phosphorylation of progesterone receptor are cell cycle dependent.
- progesterone receptor (PR) isoform B was equally expressed between male and female aorta, but PR-A was more abundant in female than in male aorta
- results indicate that relative loss of progesterone receptor alpha during progression of endometrial cancer can have a negative impact on cadherin expression, which may lead to development of a more metastatic phenotype
- The 99 kDa B-isoform of the progesterone receptor undergoes self-association in the micromolar range.
- Her-2 expression was inversely related to estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in breast cancer.
- Changing the initial subcellular localization of Pgr from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, this diminished PGR's ability to act as an inhibitor of an isoprotein of this receptor.
- There was a significant increase in the ratio of PRB to PRAB in the ampullary region compared to the fimbrial region.Progesterone may play a role in providing an appropriate environment for sperm capacitation, fertilization and early embryo cleavage.
- up-regulation of inhibitory PR isoform expression by NF-kappaB activation in laboring fundus may inhibit PR transactivation and thereby lead to a loss of uterine quiescence and the onset of labor
- No evidence of differential co-expression of the PR variants compared with wild-type PR during normal menstrual development.
- BTEB1/Progesterone receptor cross-talk to facilitate progesterone dependent gene transcription in endometrial epithelial cells.
- progesterone receptor, calcitonin, and tissue tranglutaminase are involved in a signaling pathway in Ishikawa endometrial cells
- GCUNC-45 is a novel modulator of progesterone receptor chaperoning by hsp90.
- Expresssion of progesterone receptor was reduced in cultured cells compared with whole tissue.
- excess endogenous estrogen due to obesity contributes to an increased risk of estroge+ PR+ postmenopausal breast cancer
- ER/PR/AR-negative cells transfected with AR were killed by DHEAS/AI treatment, providing evidence that AR is responsible for this effect. This provides the first AR-targeted hormonal therapy for ER breast cancer.
- Down-regulation of PRB in the endometrium is concomitant with the presence of glycodelin in the endometrium, suggesting interaction.
- Progesterone receptors (PR)-B and -A regulate transcription by different mechanisms.
- PR may inhibit NF-kappaB activation of COX-2 gene expression and uterine contractility via ligand-dependent and ligand-independent mechanisms.
- The prevalence of ER, PR and HER2/neu positivity in breast cancer of Jordanian women is lower than that of the western populations and close to other populations such as the Chinese and the minor ethnic groups of Northern America (African Americans).
- Among the glassy cell carcinoma (GCC) cases, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her2/neu were positive in 2 (18.1%), 1 (9.1%) and 5 (45.4%) cases, respectively.
- PR gene polymorphic allele +331A is associated with a reduced risk of deep infiltrating endometriosis & adenomyosis compared with healthy population controls. The PROGINS polymorphism does not seem to modify the risk of deep infiltrating endometriosis.
- a negative cross talk between PR and Stat5a/GR may contribute to the physiological role of progesterone to repress lactogenic hormone induction of the beta-casein gene
- Loss or absence of progesterone receptor expression is associated with endometrioid endometrial carcinoma
- We showed Akt activation to significantly correlate with HER2 overexpression or LOH at the PTEN gene locus while inversely correlating with the PR expression.
- focal distribution of PR within the nucleus is associated with transcription, which suggests a link between the subnuclear distribution of PR and its transcriptional activity that is likely to be important for normal cellular function of PR
- The progesterone receptor gene polymorphism factor PROGINS may be protective since it reveals reduced risk of uterine fibroids, according to PROGINS-positive genotypes in Brazilian non-white (black and mulatto) women compared to white.
- whereas both isoforms PR-A and PR-B appear to have similar DNA binding affinities, PR-B in fact has a greatly increased intrinsic binding affinity and cooperative binding ability relative to PR-A
- PROGINS variant (V600L) is less responsive to progestin compared with the most common progesterone receptor variant.
- There was a highly significant positive association between p27(KIP-1) and estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status and with p27(KIP-1) and cyclin D1 expression. A trend between cyclin A and PR status was also identified.
- This is the first report demonstrating estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors in the smooth muscle cells in smooth muscle metaplasia outside the endometriotic foci of rectovaginal endometriosis.
- progesterone receptor heterozygosis genotype frequencies were shown to be statistically higher in endometriosis cases compared with controls
- progesterone and glucocorticoid, but not estrogen receptor mRNA are altered in breast cancer stroma
- 306bp Alu insertion polymorphism in intron 7 can be considered as a predisposing risk marker for breast cancer but not for endometriosis and uterine fibroids
- the leucine allele of the PR V660L SNP may be associated with a small increase in breast cancer risk, while the other four PGR SNPs, +44C/T (rs518162), +331G/A (rs10895068), H770H (rs1042839) and Q886Q (rs500760), do not increase breast cancer risk
- Correlation was observed between promoter methylation and loss of protein expression confirming our hypothesis that promoter methylation is an important mechanism for transcriptional silencing of these genes in breast cancer
- FOXO1 engages in transcriptional cross talk with progesterone receptor to coordinate cell cycle regulation and differentiation of endometrial stromal cells.
- No assoiation demonstrated between this protein and risk of migraine-associated vertigo.
- ERbeta was 2.5-fold statistically significantly over expressed in postmenopausal leiomyomas compared to patient matched myometrium (p=0.038), whereas ERalpha and PGR were not significantly differently expressed.
- phosphorylated Progesterone receptor-B may be undersumoylated, transcriptionally hyperactive, and unstable/undetectable
- Stimulation of an epithelial-like endometriotic cell line with tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulation for 30 days induced partial methylation in the promoter region of PR-B with concomitant reduction of PR-B expression.
- progesterone via progesterone receptor interacts with the bcl-2 promoter to induce its expression in leiomyoma tissue
- Genetic variation in the progesterone receptor gene of either the mother or the fetus may trigger preterm labor.
- Progesterone receptor binding to DNA helps with the efficient recruitment of coactivator SRC2.
- PR + tumours was higher in the older age groups
- Most adult granulosa cell tumors and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors share overlapping patterns of expression of ERalpha and PR with each other, but a subset of cases in each tumor category exhibits unique ERalpha/PR immunoprofiles
- When progesterone receptor B was expressed, it correlated with good prognostic markers and better overall survival.
- Tumor angiogenesis correlates with progesterone receptor (PR) status in breast carcinoma.
- No relation has been detected between the inflammatory and oxidative stress factors, progesterone receptor polymorphism alleles.
- Progesterone receptor (PR) and not estrogen receptor (ER) expression is a marker for early stage breast cancer.
- ER and PR are present in transverse carpal ligament and flexor tendon synovitis, suggesting a role for sex steroid hormones in the pathogenesis of carpal tunnel syndrome.
- The PROS1 promoter is responsive to progesterone and other progestins via a mechanism involving PGR-B interacting with a progesterone response element
- Progesterone resistance in endometriosis in general and the down regulation of PR-B, but not PR-A, in particular, are a result of promoter hypermethylation of PR-B, but not PR-A.
- Strongly positive progesterone receptor is associated with leiomyomas of uterus.
- Progesterone receptor isoforms differentially regulate expression of ABCG2 in placental choriocarcinoma cells.
- ERbeta/ERalpha mRNA was significantly elevated in endometriosis. Expression of PR-C mRNA relative to PR-A and PR-B mRNA was significantly increased in endometriosis.
- The regulation and function of the forkhead transcription factor, Forkhead box O1, is dependent on the progesterone receptor in endometrial carcinoma.
- The positive and significant correlations between the number of CD1a+ cells and positivity of the primary tumour for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor suggest a possible role for CD1a as a prognostic marker for breast cancer.
- Results show that disease stage, tumor grade, SES, race/ethnicity, negative ER and PR status, rather than negative HER2 status, were risk factors for survival.
- BRCA1 exerts its tissue-specific function through the regulation of progesterone receptor and estrogen receptor-alpha.
- The current study demonstrates that other factors known to modulate GR properties (GME, GMEB-2, Ubc9, and STAMP) can also differentially interact with PRs or alter several of the above induction parameters under otherwise identical conditions.
- The PROGINS variant may play a modest role in risk of endometrioid ovarian cancer.
- This suggests that PR-B knockdown might be responsible, at least in part, for increased proliferation and resistance to apoptosis as seen in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis.
- Carriage of +770T and +660T (but not +331T) was associated with preterm birth with body mass index <18.5 kg/m2.Carriage of minor alleles of +331(G>A), +770(C>T), and +660(G> T)SNPs in PR gene is not associated with spontaneous preterm birth.
- We excluded any relationship between endometriosis in general and the P receptor +331G/A polymorphism.
- Thermodynamic dissection of progesterone receptor interactions at the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter.
- depletion of HDAC2 results in simultaneous depletion of ER and PR, and potentiates the effects of antihormonal therapy in ER-positive cells
- PR activation of extra-nuclear signaling pathways has a role in regulating selected target genes and cell cycle progression
- Positive selection provides the basis for the hypothesis that changes in structure and function of the progesterone receptor during evolution contribute to the diversity of primate reproductive biology, especially in parturition.
- STAT5A and progesterone receptor are coordinately recruited to a distal enhancer of 11beta-HSD2 gene.
- in endometrial carcinoma Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma protein 2) expression was related with younger age, favorable grade and Progesterone receptor expression by tumor cells
- luminal ER(+)PR(+) breast tumors contain a minor ER(-)PR(-)CK5(+) population that has the capacity to generate the majority of ER(+)PR(+)CK18(+)CK5(-) cells
- H770H and V660L and PROGINS (variant progesterone receptor complex) polymorphisms are not markers that can identify women at risk for recurrent implantation failure following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.
- Estrogenic effects on human umbilical vascular endothelial cells are mediated via the ERbeta and gestagens act via the PR-A pathway.
- progesterone receptor expression in malignant melanoma is inversely correlated with PCNA
- These findings suggest that PR plays an important antiinflammatory role in breast cancer cells via ligand-dependent and ligand-independent mechanisms.
- PR concentrations were high in normal adrenal and adrenal tissues adjacent to adrenocortical adenoma, and were even higher in tumors carcinoma - and in isolated primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease
- The androgen and progesterone receptors regulate distinct gene networks and cellular functions in decidualizing endometrium.
- analysis of alternative splicing of the progesterone receptor in breast cancer
- Systematic expression analysis and antibody screening do not support the existence of naturally occurring progesterone receptor (PR)-C, PR-M, or other truncated PR isoforms.
- findings in breast cancer patients suggests that antiproliferative effect of androgens may be mediated via downregulation of progesterone receptor
- progesterone receptor signaling has a role in breast cancer cell movement and invasion through the actin cytoskeleton
- Semi-quantitative assessment of PR expression in the testicular biopsies of infertile men demonstrating different phenotypes indicated a direct relationship between PR expression and extent of spermatogenesis.
- Endometrial inflammation interferes with local expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and Ki-67 antigen
- Overexpression of progesterone receptor B increases sensitivity of human colon muscle cells to progesterone.
- Estrogen alpha and progesterone receptor may have a role in preventing progression of breast cancer
- Report detection of potential (anti)progestagenic endocrine disruptors using a recombinant human progesterone receptor binding and transactivation assay.
- Progesterone receptor-B regulation of insulin-like growth factor-stimulated cell migration in breast cancer cells via insulin receptor substrate-2.
- Short-term oral contraceptives yielded lower ERalpha and PR contents. Postmenopausal estrogen/progestogen combined therapy yielded lower PR content than estrogen-only therapy.
- Data show that PR expression is higher in the meningiomas positive for GnRH-R and a significantly higher proportion of tumors from male patients exhibit positive immunoreactivity for GnRH.
- PR localization and expression in the ovaries of postmenopausal women who have not applied hormone replacement therapy
- Presence of estrogen and/or progesterone expression in neuroendocrine tumors involving the lung should not exclude a primary pulmonary neoplasm.
- Clinicopathological significance of the progesterone receptor and its association with thymidine phosphorylase expression in colorectal cancer.
- KLK4 is only expressed in breast and prostate cancers that express the progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR), respectively.
- Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) isoform and progesterone receptor were expressed in pancreatic alpha-cells, but not beta-cells in the human pancreas.