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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for MIF(NM_002415.1) Search again
Product ID:
HQP011219
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
GIF, GLIF, MMIF
Gene Description:
macrophage migration inhibitory factor
Target Gene Accession:
NM_002415.1(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
This gene encodes a lymphokine involved in cell-mediated immunity, immunoregulation, and inflammation. It plays a role in the regulation of macrophage function in host defense through the suppression of anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. This lymphokine and the JAB1 protein form a complex in the cytosol near the peripheral plasma membrane, which may indicate an additional role in integrin signaling pathways. [provided by RefSeq].
Gene References into function
- increased expression seen in prostate carcinoma; may serve as prognostic marker
- MIF is highly concentrated inside milk fat globules. milk MIF may protect the newborn against infection and play a role in preserving the functionality of the lactating mammary gland.
- MIF seems to play a role in tumor-stroma interactions of primary breast cancers
- role of tautomerase active site as target for discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents
- Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor production by peritoneal macrophages may contribute to paracrine and autocrine activation and to macrophage accumulation in peritoneal cavity of women with endometriosis.
- a novel CATT-tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism correlated with low disease severity in a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients
- capacity of MMIF to induce increased functional capacity of dendritic cells, and to produce IL-1beta and IL-8 from monocytes and DC, indicate a role of MMIF in the induction and/or perpetuation of the inflammatory environment in ulcerative colitis.
- The serum level of MIF and PBMC MIF expression increased in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients
- The MIF 173 C allele is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing sarcoidosis in patients with erythema nodosum.
- released from lung epithelial cells rendered necrotic by influenza A virus infection
- We found that the murine NB cell line, Neuro2a, secretes macrophage migration inhibitory factor, MIF, a multifunctional cytokine with the potential to block effective immune responses to a tumor
- role of MIF in IgA nephropathy
- Local and systemic up-regulation of MIF expression is associated with and precedes the occurrence of acute GVHD, suggesting a pathogenetic role.
- The -173-MIF*C allele confers increased risk of susceptibility to juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
- upregulation in intervillous blood is asociated with placental malaria
- expression of MIF in human glioblastomas, a close relationship with VEGF expression.
- Polymeric IgA increases the expression of this factor by human mesangial cells in IgA nephropathy.
- up-regulation of MIF expression during hypoxic and hypoglycemic stress might play a critical role for the neovascularization of glial tumors
- High levels of this factor are associated with risk of recurrernce after resection of lung cancer.
- The increased secretion of MIF in AF at term, particularly at term labor, suggests that MIF contributes to the inflammatory events leading to labor.
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a critical mediator of severe acute pancreatitis.
- Decreased serum MIF during early gestation were found in recurrent miscarriage with normal fetal chromosome karyotype. Might be related to aetiology of miscarriage.
- MIF has potent anti-apoptotic activities and suppresses pro-oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
- The late morning peak of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, by antagonizing cortisol-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine suppression may prolong the duration of early morning inflammation
- Review. MIF is a critical upstream regulator of immune response. It is released under a variety of circumstances, regulates cytokine secretion & immune receptor expression, inhibits p53 function, & activates components of the MAP kinase & Jab-1 pathways.
- interaction with apoptosis-associated protein BNIPL
- the interaction between MIF and endotoxin may promote fluid collection in the middle ear, particularly in adults
- MIF binds two peptides, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and insulin B (InsB) with high affinity for HLA class II allo-types, HLA-DP2 and HLA-DQ8, respectively
- Our study shows the functional relevance of the MIF-173 polymorphism and suggests that the MIF-173*C allele is a predictor of poor outcome in systemic-onset JIA.
- MIF binds to the extracellular domain of CD74, and CD74 is required for MIF-induced activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 MAP kinase cascade
- MIF-(50-65) exhibits redox activity and has MIF-like biological functions
- role for MIF in the regulation of p53 expression and p53-mediated events in the inflamed synovium and is of critical importance in the pathogenesis of RA.
- Secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor is mediated by a non-classical pathway involving an ABCA1 transporter.
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a regulator of innate immunity.
- MIF gene polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to but not severity of inflammatroy arthritis.
- MIF is involved in the up-regulation of UVA-induced MMP-1 in dermal fibroblasts through PKC-, PKA-, Src family tyrosine kinase-, MAPK-, c-Jun-, and AP-1-dependent pathways.
- MIF, TNF-alpha and IL-6 may participate in pathological process of chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis. IL-6 may play important role in ascites formation. Serum MIF, TNF-alpha and IL-6 appear to reflect severity of tissue injury in hepatitis B.
- MIF contributes to the inflammatory phase of the wound healing process in concert with thrombin and FXa via PAR-1 and PAR-2.
- MIF is overexpressed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and while partly explained by corticosteroid use, there is evidence of an association between MIF and lupus-related disease damage.
- MIF may play an important role in the migration of inflammatory cells into the synovium of rheumatoid joints via induction of IL-8.
- Replication of an association and linkage of MIF with juvenile idiopathic arthritis has been established.
- MIF activates rheumatoid arthritis COX-2 and IL-6 expression via p38 MAP kinase activation and induces IL-8 via p38 and ERK MAP kinase-independent pathways.
- H. pylori infection is associated with increased expression of the MIF protein and MIF mRNA in gastric epithelial and inflammatory cells; along with other cytokines, MIF may play a significant role in gastric inflammation related to H. pylori infection
- Levels remained low normal for 6 months during weight loss, after which they significantly increased to normal levels at 24 months postoperatively, suggesting an ongoine inflammatory state.
- evidence for polymorphisms in the MIF gene, and in particular the CATT(7)-MIF-173(*)C haplotype, being of importance in susceptibility to psoriasis.
- plasma MIF concentrations and MIF mRNA expression in the mononuclear cells are elevated in the obese
- Since MIF is an initiator of other proinflammatory cytokines, we suggest that the induction of MIF may precede other inflammatory conditions.
- Higher circulating MIF levels 6 h post-cardiopulmonary bypass were associated with worse postoperative pulmonary short-course outcome
- may be an obesity-dependent mediator of macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue
- MIF is expressed in advanced atherosclerotic lesions in close correlation with signs of instability, such as mononuclear cell inflammation and neointimal microvessel formation. Role of MIF in the modulation of atherosclerotic plaque stability.
- MIF and MMP-9 are markedly upregulated in vulnerable atheromatous plaques. The ability of MIF to induce MMP-9 expression in VSMCs and macrophages suggests that MIF may play a role in the destabilization of human atherosclerotic plaques.
- The current findings suggest that MIF expression may play a pivotal role in the dismal prognosis of patients with HCC that may be attributable to the modulation of angiogenesis.
- Polymorphism in MIF gene promoter -173 G/C does not appear to be a genetic risk factor for giant cell arteritis (GCA) in Northwest Spain
- discussion of roles of MIF in the skin with regard to inflammation, the immune response, skin disease, tumorigenesis and cutaneous wound healing [review]
- MIF plays an important role in H pylori-induced gastric epithelial cell proliferation.
- MIF may be involved in endometriosis-related pain and infertility
- novel interaction between MIF and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) may have important implications for the regulation of both non-muscle cytoskeletal dynamics as well as pathobiologic vascular events that involve MLCK
- MIF played a role in sustaining cell-mediated hepatic injury during the immune-clearance phase of chronic hepatitis B infection
- Results of this study suggest that MIF plays an important role in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and may serve as a target for therapeutic intervention in NEC.
- macrophage migration inhibitory factor may have a role in development of prostate cancer
- MIF is expressed all along the epididymis with a higher level of transcript in the proximal segment. In semen, MIF is associated with spermatozoa, prostasomes as well as the soluble fraction.
- the cycle phase-specific expression of MIF is tightly regulated and may have roles in the reparative, reproductive and inflammatory-like processes that occur in human endometrium during every menstrual cycle
- MIF and matrix metalloproteinases may have roles in development of human abdominal aortic aneurysms
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key proinflammatory mediator. It contributes toward an exaggerated gram-negative inflammatory response via its ability to induce Toll-like receptor-4 expression.
- circulating MIF has a role in sepsis after cardiac surgery
- Carriers of the MIF did not have increased susceptibility to juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
- Acts in an autocrine fashion to override glucocorticoid-induced MKP-1 expression and inhibition of cytokine production.
- Results suggest that MIF expression in colorectal cancer may be a marker of susceptibility to therapies that may depend on induction of hypoxia, possibly including antiangiogenic therapy.
- MIF expression is increased in sporadic human colorectal adenomas, and exogenous MIF drives tumorigenic behavior of epithelial cells in vitro.
- Pathophysiological states in which MIF plays an important regulatory role suggest a potential therapeutic role for MIF.
- down-regulation of MIF expression could result in a reduction in cell proliferation and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo
- rhMIF induced VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 up-regulation in 12 hours via Src, PI3K, and NFkappaB
- macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels were found to be elevated in pregnancy. No significant difference was found to occur between the two preeclampsia study groups when compared to the normotensive control group
- An additional serum marker for the detection of prostatic cancer.
- Both MIF and hepatitis Bx (HBx) protein cause HepG2 cell G0/G1 phase arrest, proliferation inhibition, and apoptosis. However, MIF can counteract the apoptotic effect of HBx.
- In this review the development of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome appear to be related to MIF levels and the balance of T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 lymphocyte function.
- Helicobacter pylori-induced macrophage migration inhibitory factor binds to CD74 on gastric epithelial cells and up-regulates procarcinogenic signaling by the gastric epithelium.
- There is evidence of association of MMIF gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Distributions of MIF -173 SNP alleles and genotype frequencies were significantly different between Chinese Han population and European Caucasian.
- MIF was strongly expressed at mRNA levels in refractory cases rather than responsive cases with ulcerative colitis and controls.
- non-fat cells in human adipose tissue contribute to most of the release of macrophage migration inhibitory factor seen during primary culture of adipose tissue explants from obese women
- hypoxia, and specifically HIF-1alpha, is a potent and rapid inducer of MIF expression. In addition, we demonstrate that hypoxia-induced MIF expression is dependent upon a HRE in the 5'UTR of the MIF gene but is further modulated by CREB expression.
- apoptotic mature neutrophils release MIF upon short term TNF-alpha stimulation
- MIF induced phosphorylation of JNK, PKCdelta, and c-jun. Potential novel role for MIF in tissue destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.
- Has no conventional cytokine activity but, rather, acts to modulate and amplify the response to lipopolysaccharide.
- variability at MIF -173 is associated with functional changes in MIF production and susceptibility to high-density parasitemia in children with malaria
- The present study found no significant association between the 5-CATT repeat macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphism and sarcoidosis.
- Results suggest that MIF -173G /C polymorphism was associated with coronary heart disease in Chinese population, the MIF -173C allele might be a risk factor for CHD in Chinese Han nationality.
- Functional promoter polymorphisms in the MIF gene affect the clinical presentation of scleroderma
- MIF is involved in regulating macrophage trafficking at the fetal-maternal interface
- Prostate cancer cell lines had increased MIF gene expression and protein levels; cell growth and invasion required MIF activated signal transduction pathways that were not necessary for growth or viability of androgen-dependent prostate cells
- The secretion of MIF by dendritic cells is differentially regulated by Toll-like receptors
- The macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene is involved with celiac disease susceptibility.
- granzyme B is induced by ultraviolet A rays in human keratinocytes through MIF
- By activating CXCR2 and CXCR4, MIF displays chemokine-like functions and acts as a major regulator of inflammatory cell recruitment and atherogenesis.
- MIF is increased in patients with meningococcal disease and highest in the presence of shock.
- An increase in serum MIF from the first to second day of admission in patients with severe sepsis indicates a higher risk of early mortality.
- The -173 C allele is over expressed in acute pancreatitis
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor may be related to the status of H. pylori infection.
- study showed that MIF-173C allele was associated with tuberculosis in a dominant pattern; no allele in the MIF-794 CATT microsatellite was associated with risk of TB; results indicate MIF gene influences the risk of developing TB in the studied populatio
- We evaluated whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) G/C at position -173 of the MIF gene contributes to the predisposition to IBD and higher amounts of steroid therapy.
- Imbalances in seminal fluid MIF indicates male infertility.
- Autocrine production of MIF by ovarian cancer cells stimulates other cytokines, chemokines, and angiogenic factors that may promote colonization of the peritoneum and neovascularization of tumor deposits.
- MIF may play a physiological role in sperm capacitation but may have deleterious effects on sperm function at abnormal pathophysiological levels, and therefore may have a role in endometriosis-associated infertility.
- A four-marker panel of CA-125, macrophage chemotactic protein-1, leptin, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor could diagnose the presence of endometriosis with 93% accuracy.
- MIF promotes Rac1 activity and subsequent tumor cell motility through lipid raft stabilization
- Data indicate that MIF may play a causal role in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes and that elevated MIF levels confer a higher disease risk.
- Logistic regression demonstrated a significant association between CaP and the -173G/C, the -173C/C and the -794 7-CATT MIF polymorphisms (P<0.001).
- MIF-173*C allele was found more frequently in patients with hereditary periodic fever than in controls, with elevated serum levels.
- Functional promoter polymorphisms of the MIF gene might be associated with the severity of gastric mucosal inflammation in younger subjects and with the subsequent development of mucosal atrophy.
- MIF-induced fibroblast activation was accompanied by an induction of calcium signalling
- macrophage migration inhibitory factor directly up-regulates alphavbeta3 integrin and VEGF expression in human endometrial Ishikawa cells
- The -173C allele in the promoter region is associated with increased rheumatoid arthritis predisposition, mainly in early-onset patients.
- Enhanced angiotensin converting enzyme 2 regulates the insulin/Akt signalling pathway by blockade of macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression.
- These results provide the first evidence that the IL-17F and MIF gene polymorphisms are significantly associated with the development of functional dyspepsia.
- The MIF gene is hypomethylated. Transcription factors Sp1 and CREB are critical positive regulators of constitutive human MIF gene expression.
- MIF might be involved in the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid
- MIF-173 CC genotype may be associated with susceptibility to UC.
- IL-1beta and MIF cytokine network induce MMP-1 and contribute to the loss of interstitial collagen in skin photoaging
- There is a clinical relevance of the MIF -173 G/C single nucleotide polymorphism in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The -173 C allele may represent a predictor of poor response to intra-articular glucocorticoid treatment.
- promoter polymorphisms of the MIF gene are associated with the progression of gastric mucosal inflammation and the development of mucosal atrophy at an early stage in life and...may increase the risk for the subsequent development of gastric cancer
- MIF production by human first-trimester placenta is up-regulated by parasite antigen and may play an essential role as an autocrine/paracrine mediator in placental infection by T. gondii
- Overexpression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces angiogenesis in human breast cancer
- Female more often than males carry DQ2/DQ8 molecules while the majority of negative cases of celiac disease are male
- Carriers of the MIF -173*C allele had a significantly higher probability of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) compared with G/G homozygous patients within 5 years from onset (log rank 5.11 p = 0.024).
- macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an upstream regulator of inflammation, is released in the ischaemic heart, where it stimulates AMPK activation through CD74, promotes glucose uptake and protects the heart during ischaemia-reperfusion injury
- MIF is an endogenous pro-survival factor in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells and identify a novel mechanism for its role in apoptosis resistance through the regulation of FLIP.
- First demonstration of increased macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression in adult-onset Still's disease suggests that MIF may be an important marker for disease evaluation and monitoring.
- MIF acts on the migration of VSMCs in an autocrine and paracrine fashion.
- C-reactive protein, migration inhibitor factor (MIF), leptin, and visfatin levels decreased after weight loss.
- REVIEW of involvement of MIF in the inflammatory pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its consequences
- MIF may be used as a diagnostic marker in colorectal carcinomas
- Knockdown of MIF could inhibit G1/S transition through inhibition of MAPK, PI3K/Akt, NFkappaB, c-Myc-dependent pathway and activation of TGFbeta, p53-dependent pathway.
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and interleukin-8 produced by gastric epithelial cells during Helicobacter pylori exposure induce expression and activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor.
- findings show MIF may contribute to the immune escape of ovarian carcinoma by transcriptionally down-regulating NKG2D in vitro and in vivo which impairs NK cell cytotoxicity toward tumor cells
- functional interdependence between MIF and HIF-1alpha protein stabilization and transactivation activity provide a molecular mechanism for promotion of tumorigenesis by MIF
- MIF physically associates with p53 and negatively regulates p53 function.
- These results identify MIF as a possible susceptibility gene for autism spectrum disorder.
- Endogenous MIF may regulate the pro-apoptotic activity of Bim and inhibit the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria.
- Carriage of the C allele of MIF-173G>C or the 7 CATT repeat of the MIF-794 microsatellite correlated with lower basal and stimulated MIF mRNA levels
- D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor, individually and additively, promote vascular endothelial growth factor and CXCL8 expression in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines.
- Serum levels of MIF in Kawasaki disease patients were the highest in the early acute phase and gradually decreased after defervescence.
- Results suggest that targeting the C-terminal region could provide new strategies for allosteric modulation of MIF enzymatic activity and the development of novel inhibitors of MIF tautomerase activity.
- direct interaction between NM23-H1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is critical for alleviation of MIF-mediated suppression of p53 activity
- MIF plays a role in M cell-mediated transport, and cross-talk between bacteria, gut epithelium, and immune system is instrumental in regulating key functions of the gut, including M cell-mediated Ag sampling.
- CD74 acts as a receptor for MIF in podocytes and may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy
- identify a pseudo-(E)LR motif as the structural determinant for MIF's activity as a non-canonical CXCR2 ligand
- Data demonstrate that macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression was not only correlated with the presence of colorectal cancer but also may play a direct role in cancer development.
- Because immunodepletion of MIF from conditioned medium completely restores monocyte-derived macrophage chemotaxis, a functional role of MIF can be shown as an inhibitor of macrophage migration in the context of human cytomegalovirus infection. infection.