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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for DRD2(NM_000795.3) Search again
Product ID:
HQP004446
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
D2DR, D2R
Gene Description:
dopamine receptor D2
Target Gene Accession:
NM_000795.3(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
This gene encodes the D2 subtype of the dopamine receptor.
Gene References into function
- An association has been found between DRD2 exon 8 homozygous A/A genotype and increased dose of dopamine D2 antagonist tiapride for treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptomatology.
- peripheral dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are present in the seminal vesicle tissue
- results suggest that both the DRD2 promoter region and the DAT gene do not play a significant role in conferring vulnerability to alcoholism (Dopamine Transporter DAT)
- nerve growth factor regulates dopamine D(2) receptor expression in prolactinoma cell lines via p75(NGFR)-mediated activation of nuclear factor-kappaB
- Possibly related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but no mutations have been found to be associated.
- seletive intramembrane interactions with adenosine A2A receptors
- no association of polymorphism and methamphetamine abuse in Chinese males
- Patterns of cyclic AMP formation by coexpressed D1 and D2L dopamine receptors in HEK 293 cells. Patterns of cyclic AMP formation by coexpressed D1 and D2L dopamine receptors in HEK 293 cells.
- dopamine depletion results in increased neostriatal binding
- possible influence of monoamine oxydase A (MAO-A), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), serotonin receptor 2A (5-HT2A), dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene variants on timing of recurrence in mood disorders
- Lack of association between -141C Ins/Del promoter polymorphism of DRD2 gene and schizophrenia.
- Among the aged with cognitive impairments, the homozygous status for the A2 allele of the DRD2 Taq I polymorphism is associated with diminished cognitive performance and increased atrophy in the striatum.
- protein 4.1N/dopamine receptor interaction is required for localization or stability of dopamine receptors at the neuronal plasma membrane.
- genetic variations in the DRD2 gene were no major predictors of the individually variable adverse effects from antipsychotic treatment in Caucasian schizophrenic patients.
- Gender-specific molecular heterosis of dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) for smoking in schizophrenia
- This study suggests that these polymorphisms are not related to the development of tardive dystonia.
- Based on DRD2 allelic association, the 35 PTSD patients with the A1(+) (A1A1, A1A2) allele consumed more than twice the daily amount of alcohol than the 56 patients with the A1(-) (A2A2) allele (P = 1.94 x 10(-3)).
- a potential role for the dopamine-2 receptor in the genetic etiology of schizophrenia in a genetically homogeneous Portuguese population
- the fourth transmembrane segment (TM4) forms a symmetrical dimer interface in the dopamine D2 receptor
- Significant age-related decline was observed for dopamine receptor mRNAs in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex
- study suggests that only the TaqI A polymorphism is associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome, but the -141 C Ins/Del and Ser(9)Gly polymorphisms are not
- There is a lack of association in Japanese patients between neuroleptic malignant syndrome and the TaqI A polymorphism of this gene.
- Results indicate that gender-specific molecular heterosis at Dopamine D2 Receptor (DRD2) gene for smoking is also applicable in healthy individuals.
- higher efficiency activation of Go by the D(2S) receptor may be a function of higher affinity receptor/G protein interaction as well as a greater ability to activate the G protein.
- extrastriatal D(2/3) density in drug-naive schizophrenic patients
- a possible linkage with schizophrenia for the Taq1A marker but not for the Taq1B marker of DRD2 gene.
- Among type 1 alcoholics dopamine transporters are lower in nucleus accumbens and dopamine D(2), but not D(1) or D(3) receptors in nucleus accumbens and amygdala. Lower dopamine receptor density is specific for D(2) receptor and for type 1 alcoholism.
- Reward-related impulsiveness may constitute a risk factor for alcohol dependence, and this core temperament could be partly mediated by the DRD2 gene.
- The human D2 dopamine receptor synergizes with the A2A adenosine receptor to stimulate adenylyl cyclase in PC12 cells.
- dopamine receptor D2 oligomerizes with adenosine A(2A) receptor in living cells
- There is no evidence of molecular heterosis at DRD2 for smoking in schizophrenia.
- Preliminary results of a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study point to striatal D2R density as a predictor of premorbid and clinical features associated with poor prognosis in neuroleptic-naive patients.
- In the most probable of two possible modes of interaction between D2R and A2AR, helix 5 and/or helix 6 and the N-terminal portion of I3 from D2R approached helix 4 and the C-terminal portion of the C-tail from the A2AR, respectively
- the point mutation in position 311 has little impact on the downstream signalling of dopamine d2 receptors
- These results support the hypothesis that specific dopamine agonists stabilize distinct conformations of the D2 receptor that differ in their coupling to G-proteins and to a cytoprotective c-Src/EGFR-mediated PI-3 kinase/Akt pathway.
- In a family based approach 190 German family trios were analyzed for the -141C Ins/Del genotype. Our data do not support the hypothesis that the -141C Ins variant plays a major role in predisposition to schizophrenia
- The findings suggest that the frequency of the -141C Ins/Del polymorphism is lower in Northern Europe compared to other Caucasian and Japanese populations.
- increase in D2 receptor availability in the left putamen and the decrease in D1/D2 ratio imply that alterations in the striatal dopaminergic system as evaluated by PET may be involved in chronic orofacial pain conditions
- region of the third cytoplasmic loop of Dopamine D2 receptor is crucial for determining G(i) protein coupling specificity.
- extracellular loop E2 likely contributes to the binding site in the dopamine D2 receptor
- Striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability is increased in dopa-responsive dystonia, possibly due to reduced competition by endogenous dopamine or a compensatory response to dopamine deficiency, or both.
- Significantly stronger stress-induced cigarette craving is found for individuals carrying the DRD2 (D2 dopamine receptor) gene A1 allelic variants compared to subjects without allelic variants.
- Tourette subjects had increased densities of prefrontal D2 receptor protein, greater than 140% of their matched control, suggesting the presence of a prefrontal-dopaminergic abnormality in Tourette syndrome
- No association between the AP-2beta genotype and measures of dopamine receptor density, or CSF 5-HIAA concentrations.
- In Mexican-American alcoholic men the genotype frequency for the dopamine D2 receptor -141C Ins/Del allele is significantly different between alcoholic and control subjects.
- The DRD2 gene is not found to be associated with pure alcohol dependence or anxiety-depression (ANX/DEP), but is found to be associated with ANX/DEP alcohol dependence, a specific subtype of alcohol dependence in the Taiwan Han Chinese population.
- 141C Ins/Del polymorphism in DRD2 is likely to predispose toward the development of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
- dopaminergic neurons could regulate ERK activity more flexibly through alternative usage of either the D(2)R or D(3)R pathway depending on the cellular situation
- Functional D(2) receptors were expressed in approximately 80% of corticotroph pituitary tumors.
- variations in the DRD2 gene influence risperidone treatment response for positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms, general psychopathology, and social functioning
- stimulation of co-expressed D2 and D1 receptors resulted in an increase of intracellular calcium levels via a signaling pathway not activated by either receptor alone
- extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor density and affinity in normal subjects
- sought to determine if polymorphism (the -141C insertion/deletion) in the DRD2 gene would show a similar pattern of association with the schizophrenia in a pooled dataset
- Healthy human subjects carrying the 957T allele had markedly lower striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability. The C957T polymorphism associates with the lowest DRD2 receptor binding potential.
- The "Social Problem" scale was weakly associated with the number of risk alleles of DRD2 and DRD4.
- PKC can mediate phosphorylation of the D2 DAR, resulting in both functional desensitization and receptor internalization
- GIPC recruits GAIP (RGS19) to attenuate dopamine D2 receptor signaling
- Smokers carrying either the DRD2 (D2 dopamine receptor gene) or SLC6A3 (dopamine transporter gene) polymorphisms had stronger cue-induced cravings than noncarriers; carriers of both had higher craving responses compared to those with neither.
- It is suggested that in methamphetamine psychosis the TaqI A polymorphism of dopamine D2 receptor not only regulates prolongation of psychosis symptoms but also influences the form of the temporal lobe.
- the TaqIA1 allele of the dopamine receptor gene D2 has been associated with alcoholism, as well as with other addictive behaviours
- Gene alleles are not related to methamphetamine abuse.
- the DRD2 A1 allele was significantly associated with reduced alcohol consumption
- The -141C del polymorphism in the dopamine D2 receptor gene is associated with schizophrenia.
- Result indicates that DRD2 might be involved in the pathophysiology of opium addiction.
- Cutaneous heat pain threshold was inversely correlated with dopamine D2/D3 receptor binding potential in the right putamen, but responses to tactile stimulation did not correlate with striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor BP.
- an activation of either A2A and D2 receptor or blockade of D2 receptors will cause long-lasting changes in A2A and D2 receptor trafficking
- for men, but not for women, we observed a strong and specific association between low neuroticism-anxiety and the A1+ allele of the DRD2 TaqI A polymorphism
- The present data suggests polymorphisms in DRD2 may confer susceptibility to polydipsia in schizophrenia.
- To determine the affinities of phencyclidine, ketamine, dizocilpine and LSD for the dopamine d2 receptor after cloning.
- Regulation of dense core vesicle release from PC12 cells by interaction between the D2 dopamine receptor and calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion (CAPS).
- Variants of type D2 dopamine receptors are not promising candidate genes for bipolar affective illness.
- Genetically transmitted variation in D2 dopamine receptor expression mediated by functional polymorphisms affecting transcription and translation efficiency may play a role in vulnerability to anorexia nervosa.
- APM linkage analysis suggested that the DD2R gene TaqI polymorphism had evidence of linkage with blood pressure, as well as with obesity.
- This study investigated two dopaminergic candidate genes (COMT VAL158MET and DRD2 TAQ IA) for endophenotypes of cognitive functioning. Results showed an interaction effect of DRD2xVAL on interference performance as measured by the STROOP-test.
- alcoholic and non-alcoholic smokers presented a higher frequency of the DRD2 TaqI A1 allele (P = 0.04) than non-smoking controls
- we investigated the roles of two functional genetic variants in the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene in response to pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence
- This study demonstrated that genotype distribution for the His313 polymorphism was significantly different between schizophrenia patients and control subjects.
- dopamine receptor D2 gene or a closely linked gene might be one of the susceptibility factors for Tourette syndrome
- Results suggest that the expression pattern of dopamine receptor 2 and somatostatin receptor 5 may influence the effects of SRIF analogs in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas.
- Findings support a role for DRD2 exon 8 in perceived parenting.
- These results suggest the importance of genetic determinants of the dopaminergic system in understanding the P300 as a risk marker for substance abuse using an integrative developmental perspective.
- There was a trend to a significant predominance of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) A2A2 genotype and a higher frequency of the DRD2 A2 allele in male obsessive-compulsive disorder patients compared to male controls.
- Striatal D2DR upregulation occurs in dopaminergic drug-naive parkin-positive Parkinsonian patients.
- Significantly stronger cue-elicited heroin craving was found in individuals carrying D2 dopamine receptor gene.
- The DRD2 genotype effects did not affect opioid maintenance treatment outcomes.
- activation of dopamine D2 receptors by bromocriptine lowers circulating leptin levels in obese women
- DRD2 A1 allelic status is associated with increased misuse of alcohol and nicotine and the heavy comorbid misuse of both substances in an alcohol-dependent sample.
- The human dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene is associated with tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia.
- Dopamine, D2/D3- and D4-specific agonists inhibited histamine- but not thrombin-induced VWF secretion; the dopamine effects are not mediated by [Ca(2+)](i)-dependent signalling or cAMP-mediated signaling
- dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptors can form hetero-oligomers in the plasma membrane. The degree of receptor protein-protein interaction is significantly enhanced by concomitant addition of D(1) and D(2) receptor subtype-specific agonists.
- evaluation of the role DRD2 plays in chlorpromazine-induced extrapyramidal syndrome in schizophrenic patients
- The present study suggests that DRD2 may be involved in tardive dyskinesia in the Caucasian population.
- results are in agreement with an earlier association study suggesting that the C957T C-allele plays a role in the genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia and support the involvement of the DRD2 gene in schizophrenia pathogenesis.
- Patient carriers of A2A2 genotype (polymorphism), dopamine D2 receptor, had a significantly decreased risk for development refractory Crohn's disease.
- The present study suggests that dopamine candidate genes are associated with increased vulnerability to ADHD in the Han Chinese population.
- No support for an association between early onset alcohol use disorders and the DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism.
- Homocysteine selectively decreased the ability of D2 receptor stimulation to internalize the adenosine A(2A)-dopamine D2 receptor complexes.
- Dopamine D2Long receptor partial agonists with a sufficiently low enough intrinsic activity will prove effective against the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
- These data suggest that the DRD2 A-241G polymorphism or, alternatively, another genetic variation that is in linkage disequilibrium, may influence response to risperidone in schizophrenia patients.
- Genetic variation in DRD2 is a modifier of the reward-motivated characteristics, smoking and obesity.
- an interaction of the DRD2 C957T and Catechol-O-Methyl-Transferase Val158Met may be involved in the generation of some working memory deficits in schizophrenia
- A DRD2 polymorphic TaqIA restriction endonuclease site is associated with increase risk of violence or serious delinquency in male adolescents and young adults (ages 12 to 23).
- During a complex sequential motor task, research evidenced by functional magnetic resonance imaging that DRD1 A1 allele carriers activated a larger network of bilateral cerebral areas than non-carriers, including cerebellar and premotor regions.
- Dopamine D2 receptors in the hippocampus might affect the local hippocampal function, but also brain functions outside the hippocampus such as the prefrontal cortex in terms of memory and learning.
- Presence of "non-negligible" specific [(123)I]epidepride binding to dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptors in the cerebellum.
- Smokers homozygous for the DRD2 TaqI-B2 allele experience progressive improvement in self-reported withdrawal symptoms while smokers with the TaqI-B1 allele show little change.
- The DRD2 risk allele A was more prevalent in the alcoholic patients than in the healthy controls. These data identify SNP rs1076560 as a potentially important variable in the development of alcoholism.
- Results support the hypothesis that the C957T DRD2 SNP may influence cognitive performance through its repercussions on central dopaminergic function.
- These experiments demonstrate that D(2) receptor (short splice variant, D(2S)R) stimulation increases DAT cell surface expression. Furthermore, they show that the increase in DAT function is ERK1/2-dependent but PI3K-independent.
- A correlation was found between NF-kappaB activity and D2R expression in the pituitary and pituitary-derived cells but not in the striatum, suggesting that NF-kappaB regulation of D2R expression could be a pituitary-specific mechanism
- combined DRD(2) polymorphisms can be used as a pretreatment marker for response to DRD(2) antagonists at therapeutic doses, and that A1(+) or Del(-) subjects with schizophrenia are highly sensitive to DRD(2) antagonists
- Taken together, these findings suggest that binding of CaM to the dopamine D2 receptor enhances D2 receptor signaling.
- Dopamine transporter cell surface localization facilitated by a direct interaction with the dopamine D2 receptor.
- D1 and D2 dopamine receptor expression is regulated by direct interaction with the chaperone protein calnexin
- Strong association between a potentially functional polymorphism, downstream of the DRD2 gene and schizophrenia.
- Receptor occupancy and plasma olanzapine concentrations are significantly correlated in treatment of schizophrenic patients.
- study supports other family-based association tests that have reported no association between the DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism and alcohol abuse and dependence
- Results of this meta-analysis support the association of the DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism with alcoholism.
- The monoamine oxidase-A gene may modify the association between the dopamine D2 receptor gene and alcohol dependence and anxiety, depression or both phenotype.
- association between common D2 dopamine receptor gene haplotypes with the quantity of drinking and smoking
- Freud-1 has a key role in regulating DRD2 expression
- for both white and black males, DRD2 A1+ (A1A1 and A1A2 genotypes) is associated with a decreased likelihood of school continuation compared to their counterparts with DRD2 A1-
- DRD2 polymorphism moderates the effect of stressful life events on depressive symptoms and those who carry A2/A2 DRD2 genotypes may be more vulnerable than others
- Monoclonal antibodies against all three D(2)-like receptors were used to localize receptors in Ntera-2 (NT-2) cells, the human neuronal precursor cell line and rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
- results confirm that the presence of the D2 dopamine receptor A1+ allele is not simply related to body weight but might be a marker of a genetic psychological condition in people with high risk to develop pathological eating behaviour
- In our study DRD2 C939T was in strong linkage disequilibrium with TaqIA in tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia.
- Polymorphisms TaqI A of the DRD2 is associated with childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- occurrence of an unusual TG 3' splice site in intron 6
- Examined role of DRD2 signaling components in pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
- The functional interactions between human somatostatin receptor 2 (hSSTR2) and human dopamine receptor 2 (hD2R) in both co-transfected CHO-K1 or HEK-293 cells as well as in cultured neuronal cells which express both the receptors endogenously.
- association studies of alcohol dependence and 43 SNPs mapped to the gene cluster of NCAM1, TTC12, ANKK1 and DRD2
- The Taq1A of D2 dopamine receptor is associated with tardive dyskinesia .
- DRD2 receptors were detected by microarray analysis and quantitative RT-PCR but did not affect proliferation, survival, or neurogenesis neural precursor cells.
- More extensive genotyping across DRD2 and ANKK1 suggests that the association with alcohol dependence observed in this region may be due to genetic variants in the ANKK1 gene.
- DRD2 genotype may interact with food reinforcement to influence energy intake
- dopamine receptor D2 genotype is suggested to modify the association between birth weight and adulthood educational attainment over the whole birth weight range
- Gene x Environment interactions were found for children's ADHD diagnoses between children's DRD2 genotypes and mother's marital status and number of marriages or cohabiting relationships.
- interaction between DRD2 TaqI A1+ (include A1/A1 or A1/A2) and 5-HTTLPR S/S genotype in study of antisocial alcoholism vs antisocial non-alcoholism
- role for DRD2 as a susceptibility gene for alcohol dependence within multiplex families at high risk for developing alcohol dependence.
- The relatively small effect for the association of the A1 allele with alcohol dependence indicates a multigene causality.
- study reports evidence for association of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)with allelic variants of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) genes
- Findings do not support the hypothesis that two of the most prominent dopaminergic candidate loci (DRD2 Taq Ia and COMT Val158Met) effect prepulse inhibition the study does not exclude the relevance of the dopaminergic system in general.
- These data suggest that bupropion may be effective for smoking cessation only in a subgroup of smokers with the DRD2 Taq1 A2/A2 genotype.
- Findings suggest a modest association between DRD2 genotype and quitting behavior in male cigarette smokers in Egypt
- in a probabilistic learning task, A1-allele carriers with reduced dopamine D2 receptor densities learned to avoid actions with negative consequences less efficiently; DRD2 reduction seems to decrease sensitivity to negative action consequences
- A significant association was found between the dopamine D2 receptor gene TaqI A genotype and "Eros" (a loving style characterized by a tendency to develop intense emotional experiences based on the physical attraction to the partner).
- Taq1A polymorphism in DRD2 gene significantly influenced the time course of prolactin response to perphenazine
- These results identify regulatory DRD2 polymorphisms that modify mRNA expression and splicing and working memory pathways.
- Patients carrying the DRD2 Taq1 A1 allele would benefit from using drugs without strong dopamine D2 receptor antagonistic properties.
- Genetic variation in the expression of dopamine D2 receptors in the human brain predicts opposing dopaminergic drug effects during reversal learning.
- Meta-analysis shows a risk-increasing effect for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia for the Taq1A A2 variant.
- We observed a significant DRD2HI symptoms interaction predicting smoking status (p = .004), whereby, among those individuals who had at least six HI symptoms.
- although there is a protein-protein interaction in the brain, there is no genetic association of the ADORA2A, either alone or in epistasis with DRD2, and the risk of schizophrenia
- the parallel characterization of the G protein coupling specificity of the D(2L) and D(3)
- our findings provide additional evidence for an association between the C957T polymorphism and schizophrenia.
- This study finding significant associations between the A1 allele of the DRD2 TaqI A polymorphism and reward-related personality traits.
- These findings shed new light on the constituents of the D2R signalplex, and support the involvement of D2Rs in cellular calcium signaling pathways via a novel link to TRPC channels.
- Given evidence linking the A1 allele with reduced dopamine d2 receptor density, an inverse relationship was expected between psychological measures of reward sensitivity and presence of the A1 allele.
- These findings provide support for an association between an ADORA2A polymorphism and self-reported anxiety after a moderate dose of caffeine. It is likely that other ADORA2A and DRD2 polymorphisms also contribute to responses to caffeine.
- The associations of the dopamine receptor type 2 (DRD2) polymorphisms with the symptoms of anxiety were analyzed.
- DRD3, but not COMT or DRD2, genotype affects executive functions in healthy and first-episode psychosis adolescents.
- The frequency of the A1+ allele at DRD2 in the children of alcoholics (COAs) was significantly higher than nonCOAs.
- Results provide novel evidence for a permissive role of retinoids on the expression of dopamine D2 receptors in a good proportion of pituitary tumors and on the generation of pro-apoptotic signals in GH3 cell line.
- Heterosis with catechol-O-methyltransferase gene is present only in the dopomine D2 receptor (DRD2) genotype that has been linked to lower DRD2 receptor density.
- Some ADHD polymorphisms (in genes DAT1, DRD2, DRD3, DBH, 5-HTT) in case-control study.
- These data show, for the first time, D(2) occupancy by aripiprazole in treated patients with schizophrenia in extrastriatal as well as striatal regions, with high occupancy for all doses.
- Smoking continuation and dependence showed association with the dopamine D2 receptor gene.
- A novel interaction is identified between S100B and the dopamine D2 receptor; binding of S100B to the dopamine D2 receptor may enhance receptor signaling.
- Because ARI displays high affinity for 5-HTR2A AND D2 receptors and CYD2D6 is involved in its metabolism, polymorphisms were analyzed.
- D(2)R has a more flexible overall conformation that can accept mutated residues in the intracellular region than D(3)R, which might be partly responsible for the quantitative differences in the signaling efficiency between D(2)R and D(3)R.
- The relationship between dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) polymorphisms (TaqIA, TaqIB, -141C Ins/Del) and dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) Ser9Gly polymorphism and the risk of schizophrenia in a Spanish population, was examined.
- We evaluated the co-occurrence of serotonergic and dopaminergic dysfunctions in OCD subjects, all drug-naive, with no co-morbidity and homogeneous for symptoms.
- These observations support the hypothesis that long-term drug exposure differentially alters A(2A)/D(2) receptor oligomerization.
- In the present study, the MA-dependent patients with DRD2-TaqI A1 allele had significantly greater NS scores and lower frontal executive function with a trend level than those without.
- These results demonstrated that dopamine D(2) receptor occupancy by antipsychotics can be estimated precisely with an optimal scan duration with [(11)C]raclopride and [(11)C]FLB 457.
- MRTM2 and SRTM2 can be reliably applied to dynamic [(123)I]IBZM SPECT. PEA is a suitable method for clinical routine, while our results discourage the use of PsEA (current clinical standard).
- In obese subjects striatal D2 receptor availability was lower than controls and was positively correlated with metabolism in dorsolateral prefrontal, medial orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate gyrus and somatosensory cortices.
- D(3) receptor stimulation potentiates D(1) receptor-mediated behavioral effects by a different mechanism than D(2) receptor stimulation
- extensive genotyping across DRD2 and ANKK1 confirms that the association with substance dependence and antisocial traits might be due to genetic variants in the ANKK1 gene
- These results suggest that DRD2 genotype may contribute to the understanding of the interindividual variability to the response to MMT.
- This study is the first to suggest that genetic polymorphisms related to function in the dopamine D4, and perhaps D2, receptor may modulate initial sensitivity to nicotine before the onset of dependence and may do so differentially between men and women.
- We explored associations of gene variants in the dopamine, opioid, and serotonin pathways with smoking reward ('liking') and reinforcement (latency to first puff and total puffs) as a function of negative mood.
- results confirm a published association between TAQ1 A (rs1800497) T allele and cognitive outcome measures 1 month after TBI and suggest that a haploblock of polymorphisms in ANKK1, not the adjacent DRD2 gene, has the highest association after TBI
- findings are consistent with the theory of reduced dopamine D(2) receptor (D2R) availability in dystonia
- SNP in DRD2 gene is associated with continuous performance task phenotypes in ADHD children and their families.
- results indicate that the three functional DRD2 variants modulate schizophrenia phenotypes possibly by modifying D2S/D2L ratios in the context of different total D2 density.
- The A1 allele appears to be highly prevalent among individuals with type 2 diabetes with potential influences on diet, weight, and glycemic control.
- Results show that glucocorticoids selectively downregulate somatostatin type 2, but not dopamine D2 and only to a minor degree sst5 receptors in human neuro-endocrine BON and TT cells.
- findings imply that individuals may overeat to compensate for a hypofunctioning dorsal striatum, particularly those with dopamine D2 recepttor genetic polymorphisms thought to attenuate dopamine signaling in this region
- Voltage-sensitivity at the dopamine D(2S) receptor is agonist-specific.
- analysis of the reciprocal modulation of function between the D1 and D2 dopamine receptors and the Na+,K+-ATPase
- results do not find support for the hypothesis linking psychosis to a selective increase in D2 receptors in high-affinity state and/or dopamine D3 receptors in schizophrenia
- Our findings suggest that orchestration of prefrontal D(1) receptors and hippocampal D(2) receptors might be necessary for human executive function including working memory.
- Striatal and extrastriatal D2/D3-receptor-binding properties of ziprasidone: a positron emission tomography study with [18F]Fallypride and [11C]raclopride (D2/D3-receptor occupancy of ziprasidone).
- The DRD2 Taq IA polymorphism affected the occurrence of early postoperative nausea and vomiting
- D(2)R and cyan fluorescent protein-tagged D(1)R may result from differing localization of these proteins in the cell rather than from the possible role of the D(2)R basic domain in the mechanism of D(1)-D(2) receptor heterodimerization
- The p21 codon 31*C- and DRD2 codon 313*T-related genotypes/alleles, but not XRCC1 codon 399, hOGG1 codon 326, and DRD1-48 polymorphisms, are correlated with the presence of leiomyoma.