|
ORF cDNA clones
|
CRISPR / TALEN
|
Lentivirus
|
AAV
|
TALE-TF
|
ORF knockin clones
|
|
Antibody
|
Proteins
|
miRNA target clones
|
qPCR primers
|
shRNA clones
|
miRNA products
|
Promoter clones
|
Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for CCN2(NM_001901.2) Search again
Product ID:
HQP003488
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
CTGF, HCS24, IBP-8, IGFBP8, NOV2
Gene Description:
cellular communication network factor 2
Target Gene Accession:
NM_001901.2(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
|
|
| A | B |
|
Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
|
Gene References into function
- Elevated levels of connective tissue growth factor, WISP-1, and CYR61 in primary breast cancers associated with more advanced features.
- gene is expressed in granulosa-luteal cells (insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein-2; IGFBP-rP2)
- Mechanical stress is required for high-level expression of connective tissue growth factor in fibroblasts.
- the induction of FN by AGE is partly mediated by the AGE-induced up-regulation of cell-derived CTGF and is dependent on PKC activity
- IL-4 interfered with the TGF-beta-induced transcriptional activation of the CTGF gene.
- role in initiating angiogenesis in collaboration with matrix metalloproteinases
- Identification of integrin alpha(M)beta(2) as an adhesion receptor on human peripheral blood monocytes for Cyr61 and connective tissue growth factor: immediate-early gene products expressed in atherosclerotic lesions.
- CTGF has a role in binding to MMPs and VEGF-induced physiological or pathologic angiogenesis
- enhancement of expression on chondrocytes by a novel cis-element
- role in epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation
- CTGF mediates a number of its biological effects by the induction of signaling processes via beta(3) integrin
- CTGF is a hypertrophic factor for human mesangial cells. molecular mechanisms underlying this G(1) phase arrest appear to be due to the induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKI) p15(INK4), p21(Cip1), and p27(Kip1).
- localization and expression during fracture healing
- CTGF interacts with the cytoskeletal protein actin in chondrocytes.
- In contrast to CD4+ alpha beta-T cells, gamma delta-T cells are capable of expressing CTGF mRNA and synthesizing its corresponding protein, which supports the concept that gamma delta-T cells contribute to wound healing or tissue fibrotic processes.
- In brains from Alzheimer's patients, a strong tangle-associated CTGF immunoreactivity was observed in entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and temporal cortex.
- Gene expression regulation requires tgf-beta2 in fibroblasts.
- Alterations in alpha5beta1 levels induced by TGF-beta are mediated at least in part through the induction of CTGF in glomerular mesangium
- CTGF acts as a negative regulator of the cell growth in oral squamous cell carcinoma possibly through its interaction with growth modifiers inside the cell
- These results suggest that TGF-beta1-induced CTGF mRNA expression is mediated through the JNK-dependent pathway, whereas p38 MAP kinase and ERK pathways minimally contribute
- Production of CTGF by peritoneal mesothelial cells and its presence in peritoneal cavity in peritoneal dialysis. Increase in CTGF in peritoneal membrane fibrosis suggests involvement in underlying pathophysiologic mechanism(s).
- CTGF/Hcs24 produced in the hypertrophic region may act on chondrocytes in the proliferative and maturative zone via some heparan sulfate proteoglycan, such as perlecan.
- Regulates angiogenesis and endothelial cell function. (review)
- the constitutive overexpression of CTGF in SSc fibroblasts seems to be independent of TGFbeta signaling but dependent at least in part on Sp1
- Magnitude of Urinary CTGF NH(2)-terminal fragment excretion is related to the severity of diabetic nephropathy
- data link alterations in the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton to the expression of connective tissue growth factor
- Postmortem brain tissue analysis demonstrates CTGF localized occasionally in astrocytes but not in macrophages/microglial cells of patients with cerebral malaria.
- Cooperation between CTGF and IGF-I might be involved in glucose-induced matrix accumulation in tubulointerstitial fibrosis and might contribute to pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
- the sequence IRTPKISKPIKFELSG within CCN2is a unique binding domain for integrin alpha(v)beta(3) that is sufficient to mediate hepatic stellate cell adhesion
- results suggest that connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) is involved in extracellular matrix production in parietal epithelial cells and that it is one of the mediators promoting the scarring process in glomerular crescents
- The NH2-terminal CTGF fragment content is increased in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
- CTGF inhibits metastasis and invasion of human lung adenocarcinoma by a CRMP-1-dependent mechanism.
- Fibroblast proliferation, differentiation into myofibroblasts, & increased collagen synthesis are regulated via a CTGF-dependent pathway. CTGF serves to control a pivotal switch point in the cascade for connective tissue formation.
- CYR61 and CTGF may play a role in the progression of gliomas; their levels at diagnosis may have prognostic significance.
- unstimulated platelets contain considerable amounts of CTGF; CTGF presence in platelets is a result of endocytosis from extracellular environment in bone marrow; agonist-stimulation of platelets resulted in release of CTGF from the storage granules
- evidence that adenylate cyclase as well as one or several protein kinases might be involved in the mechanoregulation of Cyr61, CTGF and Nov genes
- connective tissue growth factor seems to be an attractive alternative therapeutic target for combating renal fibrosis--REVIEW
- Levels are elevated in type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy and appear to be correlated with proteinuria and creatinine clearance.
- Generated antibodies for functional analysis of CTGF. Showed antibody bound to the CT module neutralizes efficiently the stimulatory effect of CTGF on chondrocytic cell proliferation
- CTGF may play a crucial role in the renal tubular epithelial-transdifferentiation and the following deposition/degradation process of extracellular matrix during tubulointerstitial fibrosis
- CTGF has a role in scleroderma and in pathological fibrosis [review]
- Simvastatin through a Rho signaling mechanism in lung fibroblasts can modulate CTGF expression and interaction with TGF-beta.
- CTGF has a role in the reduced matrix degradation observed in diabetic nephropathy.
- TGF-beta 1-stimulated CTGF expression is mediated by mechanisms involving ERK and JNK pathways and is downregulated by IL-4 and IL-13 through modulation of Smad and ERK signals.
- CTGF plays a major role in the pathogenesis of progressive fibrosis in biliary atresia.
- Cyr61 and CTGF genes may play an important role in hepatocellular carcinogenesis and correlate with recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
- key dependence of the fibrogenic actions of CTGF on TGF-beta in kidney
- CCN2 is one of the major functional components of platelets
- sodium-hydrogen exchanger activity modulates connective tissue growth factor mRNA expression in transforming growth factor beta1- and Des-Arg10-kallidin-stimulated myofibroblasts
- CTGF protein is significantly increased in complicated compared with fibrous plaques and may enhance monocyte migration into atherosclerotic lesions, thus contributing to atherogenesis.
- CTGF upregulation in arterial vascular smooth muscle cells of the lung is associated with the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension.
- indicate novel roles of M-CSF in articular cartilage metabolism in collaboration with CTGF/CCN2, particularly during an inflammatory response
- data provide a molecular basis for the divergence of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) actions on connective tissue cell types
- CTGF induction is important for robust oval cell response during liver regeneration after 2-AAF/partial hepatectomy treatment in rats
- Negative regulation of CTGF by hCG during luteal rescue mediated by paracrine signals.
- Under pathological conditions, where CTGF expression is elevated, CTGF blocks the negative feedback loop provided by Smad 7, allowing continued activation of the TGFbeta signaling pathway.
- Human CTGF is a cysteine rich polypeptide that has similar structures to PDGF and has been implicated in connective tissue formation. PDGF and CTGF may play a role in the development of aneurysmal walls in both AAAA and IAAA.
- Cis-acting element of structure-anchored repression of CTGF was investigated.
- CTGF expression in the brain might have a role in Alzheimer's disease clinical progression and neuropathology
- CTGF plays a specific role as a downstream mediator of TGF-beta(1)-induced renal fibrosis
- Hypoxia increased the ctgf/ccn2 mRNA level by altering the 3'-untranslated region (UTR)-mediated mRNA stability without requiring de novo protein synthesis.
- increased glomerular expression of CTGF occurs from the earliest stage of diabetic nephropathy; CTGF is required for mesangial synthesis of fibronectin stimulated by high glucose or glycated albumin
- In biliary atresia livers, novel biliary epithelia CTGF mRNA expression is high and correlates with severity of fibrosis; these data support a role for biliary epithelial cell signaling in fibrogenesis
- Urinary CTGF may be a progression promoter in diabetic nephropathy.
- CCN2/CTGF enhances chondrocyte adhesion to FN through direct interaction of its C-terminal CT domain with FN, and alpha5beta1 is involved in this adhesion.
- Administration of losartan, but not amlodipine, to hypertensive patients improves structural abnormalities and prevents the production of CTGF and TGF-beta in small arteries.
- The CTGF gene was resequenced to identify novel or known variants, and make an analysis of their association with diabetic nephropathy.
- Tranilast is a potential effective antifibrotic compound in the kidney, exerting its effects via inhibition of TGF-beta1-induced CTGF expression and downstream activation of the Smad2 pathway in both PTCs and CFs.
- Migration of HUVECs transfected with CTGF vector increased significantly compared with those transfected with vector control
- CCN2 is expressed in leiomyomas and myometrium with relative expression level inversely correlating with TGF-beta.
- Bradykinin and angiotensin II lower CTGF mRNA expression below basal levels over a span of 4 hours.
- These findings suggest that CTGF may contribute to aberrant autocrine and paracrine pathways that promote pancreatic cancer cell growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis
- CTGF stimulated the phosphorylation and cytoplasmic translocation of p27(Kip-1) on serine 10; role of p27(Kip-1) as a mediator of actin rearrangement.
- CCN2 was critically involved in osteolytic metastasis and was induced by PKA- and PKC-dependent activation of ERK1/2 signaling by PTHrP.
- A delicate balance of collagen, elastin, & vascular smooth muscle cells in the aortic wall is clearly essential for a compliant aorta, and CTGF may play a vital role in this balance.
- CTGF may behave as a secreted tumor suppressor protein in the normal lung, and its expression is suppressed in many NSCLCs.
- CTGF has potential as a biomarker of CAN, and also a therapeutic target in managing graft fibrosis.
- this study demonstrated that CTGF is released from platelets by high shear stress; furthermore, disturbed flow along atherosclerotic vessels may induce endothelial CTGF expression and contribute to the progress of atherosclerotic lesions
- CTGF in trabecular meshwork is modulated by physiological agonists and by increased ocular pressure and mechanical stretch. Regulation of CTGF within outflow pathway may play role in homeostasis of intraocular pressure.
- IFN-gamma interferes with stellate cell activation in the pancreas and suggest activated STAT1 as an inductor of a quiescent pancreatic stellate cells phenotype.
- local factors, such as CTGF and genomic amplification, seem to be more important than germ line genetic variation in influencing PAI1 expression and its untoward effects in breast cancer
- Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was the highest overexpressed gene in B-cell ALL compared with the other groups, and displayed heterogeneous expression, suggesting it might have prognostic relevance.
- Vitreous body cells may be a possible source of CTGF and thus might play a role in vitreoretinal interface diseases.
- In endothelial cells CTGF gene transcription is controlled by alteration is cytoskeletal actin and serum response factor.
- Expression of CTGF mRNA was up-regulated as early as 6 hours in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells after exposed to high glucose condition, followed by extracellular matrix components accumulation.
- CTGF contributes to the extracellular matrix accumulation in wound healing and tissue fibrosis by enhancing the affinity of FN to fibrin.
- CCN2 supplies essential, non-redundant functions required for fibroblasts to properly participate in features of embryogenesis, and further suggest that CCN2 may play essential roles in adult wound healing, tissue repair and fibrogenesis.
- CTGF polymorphism at -447 G/C was not associated with biliary atresia and jaundice in the postoperative period in Thai children
- Role of CTGF in extracellular matrix degradation in renal tubular epithelial cells is reported.
- We thus conclude that CCN2 enhances hBMSC attachment via integrin-p38 MAPK signal pathway.
- The up-regulation of angiotensin II receptor type 1 and the consequent increase of CTGF expression, independently of TGFbeta1, participate in high-glucose-induced fibronectin production in cultured human dermal fibroblasts
- We found significant differences in gene expression, specifically with a group of genes, including CTGF, known to be responsive to estrogen or to interact with estrogen receptor.
- Connective tissue growth factor (CTFG) induces the expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) protein in HK-2 cells
- Results suggest that CTGF plays a crucial role in migratory/invasive processes in human breast cancer by a mechanism involving activation of the integrin-alphavbeta3-ERK1/2-S100A4 pathway.
- Sirolimus conversion provided a beneficial strategy to improve long-term graft survival in chronic allograft nephropathy; attentuation of CTGF expression may be an antiproliferative effect.
- CTGF is a functional target of aldosterone in mesangial cells, but aldosterone-induced CTGF gene expression is not directly mediated by the mineralocorticoid receptor.
- Overexpression of CTGF is one of the most important features of idiopathic portal hypertension.
- Smad7 overexpression in cultured hepatocytes abrogated TGF-beta-dependent and intrinsic CTGF expression.
- epigenetic silencing by hypermethylation of the CTGF promoter leads to a loss of CTGF function, which may be a factor in the carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer
- Exercise with high mechanical loading induced the expression of CTGF in human skeletal muscle.
- Basal expression of collagen, fibronectin and CCN2 and adhesion to matrix was not affected
- Blocking experiments with the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor-specific inhibitor Ki16425 suggest a general involvement of LPA receptors in bacteria-triggered CTGF expression.
- CTGF induction is associated with pancreatic cancer
- Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor fibrosis is a CTGF/TGFbeta1-mediated stellate cell-driven fibrotic response.
- The G-945C substitution represses CTGF transcription, and the -945G allele is significantly associated with susceptibility to systemic sclerosis.
- MMP-2 processing of HARP and CTGF released vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from angiogenic inhibitory complexes.
- These data reveal a novel function for CTGF in the regulation of epithelial tissue repair beyond its established role in fibrosis, and further highlight the complexity of TGFbeta regulation of epithelial cell function.
- CTGF is a useful prognostic marker for GC. High CTGF expression is associated with the risk of lymph nodes metastasis and a poor survival time in GC.
- CTGF mRNA expression was induced in HUVSMCs after treatment with dl-homocysteine (50 micromol L(-1)) for 1 h, which remained at the elevated level for up to 8 h.
- the interaction of CTGF and beta-catenin-TCF/Lef forms a positive feedback loop, which could contribute to the tumorigenicity of ESCC.
- ILK mediated the effect of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in proximal tubular epithelial cells stimulated by CTGF
- In conclusion, TGF-beta1-CTGF pathway may play a role in the fibrosis that is commonly observed in muscular dystrophy.
- Heterochromatin protein gamma coordinately regulates CCN2/CTGF by interacting with MMP3, which affects the development, tissue remodeling, and pathology of arthritic diseases through this CCN2/CTGF regulation thus is suggested.
- Increased expression of this protein correlates with the loss of VHL protein expression in renal cell carcinoma.
- Expression levels at diagnosis may represent a useful molecular tool to early identification of patients with different prognosis in osteosarcoma
- TGF-beta1 and CTGF mRNAs are correlated with urinary protein level in IgA nephropathy.
- TGF-beta-dependent CTGF/CCN2 expression in hepatocytes cultured under completely TGF-beta-free conditions was analysed.
- TGFbeta1 stimulates CCN2 expression in human gingival fibroblasts through a RhoA-independent, Rac1/Cdc42-dependent mechanism
- Hypoxia enhances the production of CTGF in primary term human trophoblasts
- In human renal fibroblasts, serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase1 (SGK1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein expression were enhanced by angiotensin II
- Plasma CTGF contributes significantly to prediction of end-stage renal disease and mortality in patients with type 1 diabetic nephropathy.
- connective tissue growth factor/CCN2 has roles in tissue repair, scarring and fibrosis [review]
- CTGF may have a role in lymph node metastases in gastric cancer
- Examine specific signals involved in the long-term maintenance of radiation-induced fibrogenic differentiation and suggest roles for CCN2 and TGF-beta1.
- An unbiased analysis of the gallblader cancer transcriptome by serial analysis of gene expression has identified CTGF expression as a predictive biomarker of favorable prognosis in gallbladder cancer
- These results suggest that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays an important role in the development of persistent skin fibrosis and that CTGF may be a potential and specific therapeutic target in skin fibrosis.
- Connective tissue growth factor inhibits adipocyte differentiation.
- the influence of CTGF expression on the biological behavior and progression of various cancer cells, as well as its regulation on various types of protein signals and their mechanisms
- CTGF is primarily a pro-fibrotic factor in the eye, and a shift in the balance between CTGF and VEGF is associated with the switch from angiogenesis to fibrosis in proliferative retinopathy
- These results indicate a tight control of CTGF expression in pancreatic stellate cells at the transcriptional level.
- the up-regulation of CTGF expression may be responsible for the fibrosis process of urethral tissues in US patients
- Findings implicate the importance of CTGF in lung tissue repair and fibrosis and propose CTGF-induced migration of lung fibroblasts to the damaged tissue.
- CTGF is proposed as a fibrogenic master switch for epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
- AZX100, an analogue of the small heat shock protein, HSP20, reduces TGF-beta1-induced CTGF expression in keloid fibroblasts
- Regulation of CCN2/CTGF and related cytokines in cultured peritoneal cells under conditions simulating peritoneal dialysis.
- These results suggest that CCN2 regulates the expression of VEGF at a transcriptional level by promoting HIF-1alpha activity.
- CCN2 expression occurred via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and the downstream transcription factor ATF-2.
- These data suggest that CTGF protein induced by S1P2 might act as a growth inhibitor in Wilms' tumor.
- CTGF expression in human intervertebral disc: implications for angiogenesis in intervertebral disk degeneration are reported.
- miR-133 and miR-30 regulate connective tissue growth factor: implications for a role of microRNAs in myocardial matrix remodeling.
- activation of GPR30 by OHT also induces CTGF in fibroblasts from breast tumour biopsies, these pathways may be involved in promoting aggressive behaviour of breast tumours in response to endogenous oestrogens or to OHT being used for endocrine therapy.
- Increased CCN2 staining in clinical pancreatic tumor tissue relative to stromal cells surrounding the tumor, supporting our assertion that tumor cell-derived CCN2 is important for pancreatic tumor growth.