|
ORF cDNA clones
|
CRISPR / TALEN
|
Lentivirus
|
AAV
|
TALE-TF
|
ORF knockin clones
|
|
Antibody
|
Proteins
|
miRNA target clones
|
qPCR primers
|
shRNA clones
|
miRNA products
|
Promoter clones
|
Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for CCR5(NM_000579.3) Search again
Product ID:
HQP002210
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
CC-CKR-5, CCCKR5, CCR-5, CD195, CKR-5, CKR5, CMKBR5, IDDM22
Gene Description:
C-C motif chemokine receptor 5
Target Gene Accession:
NM_000579.3(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
|
|
| A | B |
|
Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
|
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. This protein is expressed by T cells and macrophages, and is known to be an important co-receptor for macrophage-tropic virus, including HIV, to enter host cells. Defective alleles of this gene have been associated with the HIV infection resistance. The ligands of this receptor include monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP-2), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta) and regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted protein (RANTES). Expression of this gene was also detected in a promyeloblastic cell line, suggesting that this protein may play a role in granulocyte lineage proliferation and differentiation. This gene is located at the chemokine receptor gene cluster region. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq].
Gene References into function
- Biological characterization and chemokine receptor usage of HIV type 1 isolates prevalent in Brazil.
- differences in primary structural requirements for RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and vMIP-II binding
- Association of CCR5 genotype with disease progression of HIV infection
- Effect of cocaine on chemokine and CCR-5 gene expression by mononuclear cells from normal donors and HIV-1 infected patients.
- Up-regulation on distinct subpopulations of antigen-activated CD4+ T lymphocytes
- genotypes and their relative contribution to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversion, early HIV-1 RNA concentration in plasma, and later disease progression
- CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) mRNA expression in pulmonary sarcoidosis
- results support the conclusion that the CCR5-Delta32/Delta32 genotype mediated resistance is incomplete and is associated with acquisition of exclusively-X4 variants of HIV-1
- CXCR-4 was constitutively expressed by thymocytes and it mediated polarization, migration and intercellular CA2+ increase in response to SDF-1.
- The CCR5 receptor is constitutively associated with the zeta subunit of the proteasome and this association is increased with MIP-1beta stimulation; proteasome inhibitors attenuate MIP-1beta induced CCR5 down-modulation
- the role of CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5 in HIV envelope-mediated apoptosis was examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- cytokine regulation of CCR5 expression on monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), and microglia was investigated
- Lipopolysaccharide,lipoarabinomannan and lipoteichoic acid down-regulated the expression of CXCR4 and CCR5 on monocytes
- Results identified specific regions in CCR5 that confer HIV-1 coreceptor function, structural rearrangements in the transmembrane region that may modulate this activity, and a role for the extracellular surface in folding and assembly.
- Graves' disease is associated with an altered CCR5 expression in thyroid-derived compared to peripheral blood t lymphocytes
- Elevated expression of CCR5 by myeloid (CD11c+) blood dendritic cells in multiple sclerosis and acute optic neuritis
- High level expression of CCR5 is a characteristic and selective feature of circulating V delta 2 gamma delta T cells, which is in line with their suspected function as Th1 effector T cells.
- CCR5 and CXCR4 are present on the resident testicular macrophages in the interstitial space but not in the germ cell line
- Cholesterol is essential for macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta binding and signaling and conformational integrity of CC chemokine receptor 5.
- Frequency of the HIV-protective CC chemokine receptor 5-Delta32/Delta32 genotype is increased in hepatitis C.
- decreased density of the CCR5 receptor on the surface of CD4+ lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages is associated with the CCR5-59653T transition in the promoter region
- Most Natural killer t-cells express receptors for extralymphoid tissue or inflammation-related chemokines (CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR3), while few NKT cells express lymphoid tissue-homing chemokine receptors (CCR7 and CXCR5).
- chronic hepatitis C, but not hepatitis B, infection alters surface expression of CCR1 and CCR5 in T cells, resulting in lower CC chemokine responsiveness.
- Caco-2 and M cells do not express CCR5, but transfection of these cells with CCR5 cDNA restores transport of R5 virus, which demonstrates that HIV-1 transport across M cells is receptor-mediated.
- CCR5 mediates Fas- and caspase-8 dependent apoptosis of both uninfected and HIV infected primary human CD4 T cells
- Data show that two distinct forms of CCR5 protein, 62 and 42k Da, are present in lymphocytic cells.
- tyrosine sulfastion of n-terminal peptide follows a discrete pattern and temporal sequence
- expression detected in a stromal cell line, a myeloma cell line, and primary multiple myeloma cells and may be target for MIP1A and MIP1B.
- prevalence of CCR5-Delta32 allele frequency in a large Pakistani population sample representing 10 ethnic groups
- Binding chemokines modulate CXCL12 (SDF-1)-induced responses of progenitor B cells in human bone marrow through heterologous desensitization of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor
- P. falciparum antigens (PF-Ags) variably regulate the expression of HIV-1 coreceptors and modulate the infectability of CD4 cells by HIV-1
- Significant increase in surface CCR5 in CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and CD14+ cells as well as an increased percentage of CXCR3 and CXCR4 in CD14+ cells in MS patients.
- role of IL-12 and IFN-gamma on inducing inflammatory chemokine secretion and down-regulating CCR5 expression in human T cells
- influence of the major CCR5 promoter or coding region variants as haplotypes and genotypes in a cohort of 250 chronically infected HCV patients
- CCR5 is phosphorylated at specific sites by protein kinase C and GPCR kinase
- These results suggest that oligomerization of chemokine receptor CCR5 and opioid receptors mu, delta and kappa on the cell membrane of human or monkey lymphocytes may modulate receptor functions.
- chemokine receptor CCR5 deletion mutation is associated with multiple sclerosis in HLA-DR4-positive Russians
- META-ANALYSIS: Effect of CCR5-delta32 heterozygosity on the risk of perinatal HIV-1 infection
- An increase in the numbers of CCR5(+) cells in H. pylori-infected stomach mucosa suggests that this molecule may play an important role in gastric immune responses.
- physical association of CD4 and CCR5 results in receptor cross-talk with allosteric CD4-dependent regulation of the binding and signaling properties of CCR5
- Limited protective effect of the CCR5Delta32/CCR5Delta32 genotype on human immunodeficiency virus infection incidence in a cohort of patients with hemophilia and selection for genotypic X4 virus
- In the absence of any stimulation, human fetal astrocytes express mRNA for CCR5 receptor.
- Associations of CCR5 polymorphisms with clinical outcomes and treatment responses of chronic hepatitis C. CCR5Delta32 allele was not associated with any clinical parameters of hepatitis C virus infection.
- YY1 transcription factor down-regulates expression of this chemokine receptor, a major coreceptor for HIV-1.
- HIV-1 infection of neuronal cells may involve CCR5/CXCR4 receptor.
- Frequency analysis of the CCR5delta32 mutation in patients with brucellosis.
- Increased number of CCR5+ CD4 T cells among south Indian adults. In the healthy population studied, 24.6 per cent of CD4 T cells expressed CCR5. Among the HIV infected individuals the percentage of CD4 T cells expressing CCR5 was 26.8%.
- some HIV-1 subtype C viruses, isolated from 29 South African patients with advanced AIDS, are able to use CCR5, CXCR4, or both CXCR4 and CCR5 for entry
- The specific distribution and regulation of chemokine receptors CXCR1, CXCR4, CCR5, and CCR2b in endometrial epithelium and blastocyst suggest a role for these receptors in the apposition and adhesion phases of human implantation.
- DNA footprinting of this receptor and delineation of surface expression and viral entry determinants
- Mu-opioid modulates HIV-1 coreceptor expression and HIV-1 replication.
- oxidative stress may indeed modulate the expression of CCR5 and thus contribute to regulation of the inflammatory process.
- Effects of IL-2, IL-15 and BCL-2 on apoptosis of T-lymphocytes expressing this receptor.
- interaction of CCR5 with R5 HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins capable of inducing membrane fusion leads to cell lysis; overexpression of CD4 can inhibit cell killing by limiting envelope glycoprotein processing.
- Productive R5 HIV infection of Langerhans cells (LC) ex vivo & LC-mediated transmission of virus to CD4+ T cells were both found to depend on CCR5. CCR5-mediated infection of LCs, not viral capture by LCs, explains genetic susceptibility to HIV infection
- Data suggest that in oral lichen planus, the presence of CCL5 and CXCL10 in the cytolytic granules of tissue-infiltrating CD8(+)T cells expressing CCR5 and CXCR3 reveals a potential self-recruiting mechanism involving activated effector cytotoxic T cells
- RANTES and CCR5 represent potential mediators of 1) hepatic stellate cell(HSC) migration and proliferation and 2) cross-talk between HSCs and leukocytes during fibrogenesis.
- activation of CCR5 and CCR2 is induced by conformational changes in the conserved TXP motif in transmembrane helix 2
- CCR5 deletion is not common in mexican populations and does not support an important role in the pathogenesis of development of severe rheumatoid arthritis.
- The absence of a genetic deletion for CCR5 (CCR5 Delta32) in Weger's Granulomatosis patients lacking antinuclear cytoplasmic antibody suggests that CCR5 may exert a particularly important pathogenetic role in those patients.
- individuals heterozygous for CCR5 delta 32 mutations have a compensatory increase in CXCR4 expression
- The calculation of the congruence revealed that 92.0% of individuals exhibited the same genotype for both CCR2-64I and CCR5-59653T polymorphisms. Our results confirm that linkage between CCR5-59653T and CCR2-64I alleles is not absolute.
- Tyrosine-sulfated, neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 mimic CCR5.
- Polymorphisms of CCR2 and CCR5 do not seem to be involved in susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosis, although a slight contribution of the CCR5 polymorphism in the production of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, in the development of lupus nephritis
- Early- and intermediate-stage variants of simian immunodeficiency virus replicate efficiently in cells lacking CCR5.
- the palmitoylated C-tail of CCR5 is the major determinant of its raft association and endocytic itineraries
- Macrophages are activated through CCR5- and CXCR4-mediated HIV gp120-elicited signaling pathways.
- In vitro chemotaxis induced by this chemokine is not necessarily predictive of its in vivo lymphocyte-recruiting activity.
- case-control and family-based genetic-association analysis show that the -2459G and -2554T CCR5 variants are associated with severe Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis (P=.01) in infants
- tested the hypothesis that low CD4+ T-cell surface CCR5 density could favor resistance to HIV-1 infection in vivo
- A PCR-based genotyping method was used to determine the genetic variation at the CCR5 gene and an automated real-time Pyrosequencing technology was employed for the analysis of G right curved arrow A point mutation at the CCR2 gene
- various HIV-1 strains use CCR5 domains in different ways involving gp120 envelope protein
- An association exists between CCR5 gene polymorphism and the clinical course of type I diabetes. In type II diabetes, there was a difference between genotypes in morbidity to concomitant diseases, being higher in the CCR5 wild-type genotype.
- CCR5 activity influences human breast cancer progression in a p53-dependent manner
- We constructed an allele map of delta32 CCR5 frequencies in Europe; the map is in accordance to the Vikings hypothesis of the origin of the mutation and his dissemination during the eighth to the tenth centuries.
- CCR5 may act as a death receptor in cells of neuronal lineage and therefore be involved in inflammatory neurodegeneration.
- expression of CCR5 may render CD4+ cytotoxic t-cells particularly susceptible to cytopathic effects during progressive HIV-1 infection.
- expression of CXCR4 and CCR5 on non-cultured non-stimulated primary human trophoblast cells
- Proportions of CCR5-expressing cells were very low in cord blood and subsequently increased with age in HIV-exposed, uninfected infants.
- Bioinformatic analysis predicted that Ile52 in transmembrane region-1 (TM1) and Val150 in TM4 of the chemokine receptor CCR5 are key residues in the interaction surface between CCR5 molecules.
- expression of the CCR5Delta32 protein in primary CD4(+) cells by use of a recombinant adenovirus (Ad5/Delta32) was able to down-regulate surface expression of both wild-type CCR5 and CXCR4 and to confer broad resistance to R5, R5X4, and X4 HIV type 1
- both HIV strains R5 and X4 gp120 activate intracellular signals in macrophages through CCR5 and CXCR4.
- there is significant inter-ethnic variation in allele frequency of CCR5 but no association was identified with Behcet's disease
- we characterized SIV Env variants with amino acid substitutions at position 324 in V3; these changes modulated CCR5 engagement and, in some cases, allowed the efficient usage of CCR5 in the absence of CD4
- The amount of CCR5 protein on CD4(+) cells in 48 MS patients (nine primary progressive MS, 18 secondary progressive MS, 21 relapsing-remitting MS) decreased with genotype, being 8.9% in wt/wt, 7.7% in wt/Delta32 and 4.3% in Delta32/Delta32.
- expression was significantly increased on CD4 CD45RO T cells in Hiv-infected adolescents
- the CCR5 delta32 polymorphism is not a major determinant of susceptibility to develop multiple sclerosis
- Intracellular calcium signalling through both receptors can be measured in a single experiment upon the sequential addition of CXCR4- and CCR5-directed chemokines.
- that exposure to low pH is not required for RANTES or MIP-1beta dissociation from CCR5, or for recycling of internalised CCR5 to the cell surface
- plays an important role in lymphocyte trafficking to CSF during HIV-1 infection.
- CCR5-Delta32 mutation is strongly associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis
- postulated that down-regulation of the CCR5 receptor in HIV-2 infection contributes to slower disease course and to the protective mechanism against HIV-1 superinfection, mediated in part by HIV-2-specific cellular immune responses.
- An increase of the 59029-G (CCR5 A-->G promoter point mutation) was observed among asymptomatic compared with symptomatic Chagas disease patients (68% vs. 58%).
- New, real-time PCR protocol, which enables fast, cost-saving, and reliable CCR5 genotyping.
- CCR5 HIV coreceptor is significantly more mobile than CD4 and it requires membrane cholesterol for mobility
- homozygous CCR5-32 accounts for the resistance to HIV-1 infection in a small proportion (3 of 94) of exposed seronegative individuals
- downregulation and intracellular accumulation mediated by binding of HCV E2 to CD81 which induces RANTES secretion.
- CCR5 receptors polymorphism is associated with the risk of developing abdominal aortic aneurysm and arterial occlusive diseases.
- density of chemokine receptors expressed on CD4(+) T cells may be a critical parameters for the cytopathic effect of HIV strains and may have major impact on CD4 T cell depletion during HAART.
- transmembrane and intracellular domains of CCR5 are involved in both ligand binding and coreceptor activity
- CCR5 expression is a key determinant of pathogenesis of R5 HIV-1 in FTOC (fetal thymic organ culture).
- CCR5 Delta32 genotype was identified as an independent factor associated with a lower risk to develop end-stage renal disease in IgA nephropathy.
- HIV-2 isolates from aviremic and viremic individuals commonly use as coreceptors CCR5, GPR15, and CXCR6
- We determined the allelic frequency of CCR5-delta32 in 267 healthy individuals as well as 39 breast, 34 laryngeal, 30 thyroid and 20 brain carcinomas in a Turkish population using polymerase chain reaction.
- Finally, we conclude that the up-regulation of CCR5 and CXCR4 can at least partially contribute to the down-regulation of transfactor YY1 which is p38 MAPK pathway-dependent and this up-regulation has little relationship with MTB and HIV co-infection.
- Frequency distribution of CCR5-delta32 mutations in Brazilian Amazon region
- Second, this assembly step lowers but does not eliminate a large activation energy barrier for a rate-limiting, CCR5-dependent conformational change in gp41 that is sensitive to blockage by T-20.
- concluded that loss of the N-glycan at position N403of gp120 helps to convert the HIV-1 envelope into a hair-trigger form that no longer requires strong interactions with both the CCR5 amino terminus and ECL2 but efficiently uses either site alone
- The frequencies of alleles did not show a significant difference between HIV patients and healthy controls.
- intracellular signals generated by the chemokine coreceptor may be required for a productive HIV infection
- K26R mutation exhibited a slightly decrease for HIV coreceptor properties.
- recruitment of T cells expressing CCR5 into the invasive margin of colorectal cancer.
- Rac activation is critical for both CCR1- and CCR5-triggered signaling cascades mediating beta-chemokine-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton
- Expression of chemokine receptor CCR5 mediates the selective accumulation of memory CD4+ T-cells into the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neuroborreliosis.
- The CCR5 was positive in all aggressive NK cell leukemia(ANKL)cells and CCR5 profiling might be a novel tool for discriminating ANKL cells from benign NK cells.
- Reduced CD4/CCR5 dependence is a phenotype of R5 HIV-1 associated with M-tropism and late stage infection, which may affect the efficacy of HIV-1 entry inhibitors.
- A prevalent infiltration of CCR5(+) effector CD4 T memory cells is observed in inflammatory myopathies.
- Variations occur in systemic vasculitis and Kawasaki disease susceptibility.
- significant correlation between donor genotype and mortality in patients with heart transplantation for nonischemic conditions
- Strong association between CCR5 haplotype HHC and persistent lung involvement in sarcoidosis.
- Sequence deletion may cause resistance to HIV infection.
- Eight naturally occurring allelic variants located between amino-acid residues 60 and 334 of CCR5 were highly expressed on the cell surface of HEK-293 cells and permissive for HIV-1 infection.
- CCR5 primarily functions as a negative regulator of the antiviral CD8+ T cell response in transgenic mice during intracerebral infection with noncytolytic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
- Genetic variation in CC-chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2) and -5 (CCR5), and their common haplotypes, acting through inflammatory responses, may affect atherosclerosis and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).
- results show that GRKs and beta-arrestin are involved in heterologous CCR5 receptor regulation by cross-phosphorylating and co-internalizing unligated receptors within homo- or hetero-oligomeric protein complexes
- Arg-298, which mediates HIV-1 gp120 V3 binding to syndecans, also mediates HIV-1 binding to CCR5
- expression of CCL5 and CCR5 in prostate cancer cell lines, primary cultures of prostatic adenocarcinoma cells, and prostate cancer tissues
- CCR5 and CCR3 receptors are expressed on the head region of human spermatozoon
- in contrast to the CD34+ progenitors, the lineage-committed hematopoietic progenitor cells express high levels of the HIV-1 co-receptors, CXCR4 and CCR5
- CCR5 polymorphisms are associated to vertical transmission of HIV-1.
- the pattern of genetic variation seen at CCR5-Delta32 is consistent with neutral evolution
- Two functional polymorphisms in CCR5 that decrease expression of the RANTES receptor on immunocompetent cells are associated with increased risk of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes, but only in men.
- In heart transplantation, outcomes of early and late rejection episodes may be influenced by genetic variant interactions such as "CX3CR1 249I*CCR5 No-E" and "CCR5 E*RANTES -403A."
- The d32-CCR5 polymorphism played a significant role in the progression of primary IgA nephropathy, with the nl/nl genotype being an independent protective factor for late progression towards ESRF/dialysis
- results of the present study provide no evidence that either CCR5-Delta32 or CCR2-64I is associated with hypertension
- analysis of residue by residue interactions of CCR5 with CCR5 inhibitors
- CCR5-interacting PRAF2 protein is expressed in several human tissues with a possible function in ER/Golgi transport and vesicular traffic.
- CCR5-Delta32 is protective against the development of rheumatoid arthritis .
- Thus, a multistep cascade couples CCR5 activation to Ca(2+) increases in human microglia; pharmacologic modulation of this pathway may alter inflammatory and degenerative processes in the CNS.
- the risk of acute rejection in renal transplantation may be associated with genetic variation in the chemokine receptor genes CCR5-59029 and CCR2V641 in Turkey
- a deficient expression of CCR5 receptor resulting from the CCR5-Delta32 variant may protect against PSC.
- found relevant markers in CCR5 and IL-10 genes conferring a higher risk for the development of HCMV disease
- In HIV-1-infected homosexual men, a CCR5 Delta32 heterozygous genotype has no protective effect on the incidence of herpes zoster.
- molecular modeling of the global complex of CCR5, gp120 including the V3 loop and CD4
- the CCR5delta32 mutation is neither protective of, nor a risk factor, for multiple sclerosis development
- results suggest that CCR5 genetic variants are protective against early-onset JRA
- CCL5-GAG binding and CCL5 aggregation are important for CCL5 activity in T cells, specifically in the context of CCR5-mediated apoptosis
- findings showed a substantial loss of surface CCR5 expression on infected cells due to human cytomegalovirus-induced reduction of total cellular CCR5; uninfected bystander cells displayed increased surface CCR5 expression
- Review highlights evidence that supports an important role of CCR5 in the pathophysiology of T cell-mediated liver diseases with specific emphasis on autoimmune and viral liver diseases.
- CCR7 and CXCR5 are differentially expressed on the cell surface of lymphocytes and dendritic cells depending of the stage of cellular differentiation and activation. (review)
- mycobacterial Hsp70 (myHsp70) signaled through CCR5 promoting dendritic cell aggregation, immune synapse formation between dendritic cells & T cells & generation of effector immune responses; CCR5 acts as a pattern-recognition receptor for myHsp70
- The observed results not only support the role of the immune system in the development and maintenance of hypertension, but they also indicate an influence of CCR5Delta32 polymorphism on the establishment of BP levels.
- The CCR5 59029G/CCR5 59353T polymorphism may play a role in the clearance of Hepatitis B virus infection.
- the CCR5 delta32 allele may be a genetic risk factor for Behcet's disease in Iranian women
- These data demonstrate a protective effect of CCR5Delta32 in recovery from a hepatitis B virus infection and provide genetic epidemiological evidence for a role of CCR5 in the immune response to HBV
- RANTES is regulated by extracellular parts of the CCR5 receptor
- The increased expressions of RANTES and CCR5 mRNAs in renal transplant recipients with hyperlipidemia might be involved in chronic allograft nephropathy due to hyperlipidemia.
- Presence of the CCR5 Delta 32 allele in recipients constitutes an independent and protective factor associated with a decreased risk of graft-versus-host disease.
- no association of polymorphisms with melanoma susceptibility
- Delta32 allele carriers (10%) showed only cutaneous manifestations; a less severe spectrum of clinical manifestations was observed. A lack of mucocutaneous lesions was evident among Delta32 allele carriers.
- Ligation of cell surface CCR5 receptors by CCL3 or CD40 by CD40L activated the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways that induced APOBEC3G mRNA expression and production of the APOBEC3G protein
- CCR5 was enriched on monocytes that migrated spontaneously in the absence of exogenous chemokine. CCR5 was down-regulated on both CD14(+) monocytes and CD3(+) T cells during CCL5-driven migration.
- No different distribution of the CCRDelta32 deletion in the two cohorts of women and men with Alzheimer's disease was clearly evident.
- The study focused on the recognition step and examined possible peptide-peptide interactions between various principle neutralizing determinant (PND)-derived peptides from the V3-loop and the N-terminal (Nt) domain of CCR5.
- HIV-1 prevalence, CCR5Delta32 and CCR5 promoter -2459 G genotype frequency among 1390 rural inhabitants. No individual was identified with the CCR5Delta32 allele, but homozygotes for the CCR5 promoter variant -2459G (27.5%) were relatively common
- polymorphisms investigated are not associated with chronic periodontitis
- prevalence of CCR5Delta32 polymorphism in long-term survivors of heart transplantation
- Sequence deletion is higher in the Spanish Basque population, suggesting a protective efffect against multiple sclerosis.
- children with perinatal HIV-1 infection and mutant CCR5 genotypes exhibited better neurodevelopmental outcomes than children with the wild type alleles
- In this review we focus on the known polymorphisms of two chemokines: CCL2, CCL5 and their corresponding receptors (CCR2, CCR5) and we also discuss their associations with susceptibility and progression to selected immune-mediated diseases. [REVIEW]
- allele 59029A of CCR5 gene is significantly associated with diabetic renal insufficiency among Asian Indians
- The transcription factors Oct-1 and -2 inhibit and enhance, respectively, the expression of exon 1-containing transcripts and CCR5 surface levels.
- article shows an association between chronic Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and physician-diagnosed asthma and between the defective chemokine receptor CCR5 variant CCR5Delta32 and chronic Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
- CCR5 receptor has roles in age-related diseases [review]
- Results suggest an association of the CCR5*59402A polymorphism with increased likelihood of acquisition of HIV-1 and development of AIDS in the Asian Indian population.
- Despite expressing high levels of CCR5, TEMRA cells were strikingly resistant to infection with CCR5 (R5)-tropic HIV-1, but remained highly susceptible to CXCR4 (X4)-tropic HIV-1
- Results describe the evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope function during the process of coreceptor switching from CCR5 to CXCR4.
- The results do not support a major role of CCR5 in the pathogenesis of relapses in MS patients treated with IFN-beta, but it is possible that monocyte CCR5 expression may be used as a marker of disease activity.
- These data suggest that the CCR5Delta32 protein actively confers resistance to HIV-1 in vivo and suggest that the loss or reduction of CCR5Delta32 protein expression may account for HIV-1 infection of CCR5(-/-) individuals.
- neither CCR5 nor CCR2 polymorphisms showed peculiar segregation with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and/or non-determined leukoencephalopathy
- Finds significant differences in presence of CCR5-delta32 mutation in populations in Atlantic Islands of Madeira, Azores, Cabo, Verde, and Sao Tome e Principe that may confer protection against HIV-1 infection to homozygous individuals.
- Our data do not support an association between the CCR5Delta32 allele and Norwegian RA or JIA patients
- in lupus nephritis RANTES may participate in interstitial lesions via CCR5+ cells
- RANTES, MCP-1, CCR2, CCR5, CXCR1 and CXCR4 gene polymorphisms do not have a role in progression of hepatitis B virus infection
- Peptide mimotopes selected with HIV-1-blocking monoclonal antibodies against CCR5 represent motifs specific for HIV-1 entry.
- Data suggest that increased expression of CCR5 associated with HIV binding and entry coupled with decreased innate antiviral factors may render the tonsil a potential site for oral transmission.
- The CCR5 genotype was unable to account for the differences in disease progression in HIV perinatally infected children, and the allele frequency of CCR5-del32 was too low to allow statistical comparisons with adequate resolving power.
- CCR5 activation in HeLa-MAGI cells triggers a rapid and substantial phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D activity, as assessed by mass choline production.
- Data show that CC chemokine receptor 5 and CXC chemokine receptor 6 expression by lung CD8+ cells correlates with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity.
- the CC chemokine MIP-1beta dimer is not able to bind or activate its receptor and implicates the CC chemokine monomer as the sole receptor-interacting unit
- The mode of CCR5 use differs between SIV and HIV-1; SIV appears to be more flexible than HIV-1 in its receptor requirement.
- A possible role for CCR5 inhibition in lung adenocarcinoma prevention and treatment.
- disease onset and progression to disability may be prolonged in multiple sclerosis carriers of CCR5-Delta32
- P. gingivalis, therefore, selectively up-regulated CCR5 by two independent signaling pathways, Rgp acting on PAR-1 and PAR-2, and LPS on TLR2 and TLR4.
- Upon binding the N-terminal region of CCR5, wild-type Env acquires the ability to productively engage the extracellular loop(s) of CCR5 - an event that triggers gp41 refolding and membrane merger.
- Functional data from activity assays by intracellular calcium flux and inhibition of CCR5-mediated HIV-1 entry show that only CCL14 [9-74] is fully active at these near-physiological concentrations where CCL14 [9-74] is monomeric and CCL14 is dimeric
- Most patients identified as carriers of the homozygous CCR5 delta32 mutation developed acute cellular allograft rejection after renal transplantation.
- G allele at position -2852 from the CCR5 orf in Japanese and Thais is the representative of the CCR5 promoter haplotype that was reported to be associated with rapid progression to AIDS in HIV-1-infected individuals.
- CD4 interacts constitutively with multiple CCR5 at the plasma membrane of living cells
- A sequence of four amino acids identified at the extreme C-terminus of CCR5, necessary for recycling of the internalized receptor, acts as a postsynaptic density 95/discs-large/zona occludens (PDZ) interacting sequence.
- In summary, our multifaceted study supports the notion that polymorphisms in CCL5 and CCR5 modify the course of MS.
- structural analysis of the CCR5 N terminus; results provide a framework for understanding HIV-1 interactions with CCR5 N terminus during viral entry & define conserved site on gp120 whose recognition of sulfotyrosine engenders mimicry by the immune syste
- the CCR5Delta32 polymorphism in patients with stage IV melanoma results in a decreased survival following immunotherapy
- Results provide a structural basis for understanding how specific antagonists interact with CCR5, and will aid the process of creating new, improved CCR5 antagonists.
- The CCR5 delta32 allele determines a significant protective effect against HIV/AIDS in ethnic groups in Russia.
- No protective role for the CCR5 allelic variant in rheumatoid arthritis development is observed.
- HIV-1 chimeras were able to infect U373MAGI-CD4+-CCR5+ but not U373MAGI-CD4+-CXCR4+ cell line, suggesting CCR5 coreceptor utilization and R5 phenotypes.
- results highlight the importance of the CCR5Delta32 protein as an HIV suppressive factor and provide further insight into the mechanism of the protective effect of the CCR5Delta32 mutation
- Molecular interactions of CCR5 with major classes of small-molecule anti-HIV CCR5 antagonists are reported.
- Patient is heterzygous for the [delta]32bp deletion,which may explane favorable outcome
- HIV-1 protecting CCR5-Delta32 allele in medieval Poland.
- CCR5 deficiency is a strong and consistent risk factor for symptomatic WNV infection in the United States.
- We found individuals homozygous for CCR5Delta32 (P= .026) only among patients with tickborne encephalitis (TBE) and a higher allele prevalence among patients with TBE compared with the other groups studied.
- CCR5Delta32 does not have a protective effect, but instead it could be a factor associated with more inflammatory forms of rheumatoid arthritis.
- the frequency of the CCR5-Delta32 variant was significantly different between healthy and HIV-1 infected individuals from Tunis, leading us to conclude that this mutation might confer protection against HIV infection in Tunisian populations
- CCR5Delta32 polymorphism may not play a role in acute or chronic liver graft dysfunction in children
- We show that the level of CCL5 production is a main factor determining CD4+ T cell surface CCR5 density.
- Results showed that the combination of 2 non-synonymous substitutions, CCR2 V64I and CCR5 G316A, tended to occur more frequently in ESN(exposed to HIV but seronegative) females than in HIV-1 infected females.
- PC-PLC activation through CCR5 is specifically induced by gp120, since triggering CCR5 through its natural ligand CCL4 (MIP-1beta) does not affect PC-PLC cellular distribution and enzymatic activity, as well as CCL2 secretion
- lack of association of SDF-1 3'A, MCP-1 (-2518), CCR5-Delta32 polymorphisms with death and hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence in cirrhotic hepatitis C-infected patients
- RANTES-28G and CCR5 59353C mutations might be associated with HIV infection or pathogenesis in the Korean population.
- These results suggest a novel mechanism by which DARC could modulate inflammatory responses to chemokines in vivo.
- The 32-bp deletion allele frequency in ccr5 unlikely to contribute to suscipitibility to the schizophrenia in chinease population.
- The female-specific association in the putative CCR5 promoter region with Lofgren's syndrome shows that the dysregulated, sex-specific modification of CCR5 expression could contribute to the increased risk of women to develop the disease.
- Data show that MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta bind to the HIV co-receptor CCR5 and blok HIV entry into CD4(+) lymphocytes.
- HIV infection of cells with limiting levels of cell surface CCR5 can be facilitated by gp41 sequences
- The CCR532 variant confers acute myocardial infarction resistance and promotes longevity in Sicilians.
- study showed there were no significant differences in the frequencies of CCR5 genotypes and alleles between head and neck cancer patients and controls
- The chemokine receptor CCR5-del32 frameshift mutation is associated with low levels of C-reactive protein, decreased intima-media thickness, and cardiovascular disease risk
- in HIV-infected Indians, CCR5 downregulation on T cells was HIV infection specific and was governed by the co-receptor-utilization phenotype of the virus; we propose this to be a viral survival strategy
- CCR5 expression is regulated by the cAMP/CREB-1 pathway and that interference in this pathway affects endogenous CCR5 transcription.
- dendritic cells transmit CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 much more efficiently than CCR5 strains
- CCR5-Delta32 polymorphism is associated with cervical cancer
- The interactions between CCR5 and novel CCR5 inhibitors containing the spirodiketopiperazine scaffolds lodged in the hydrophobic cavity located between the upper transmembrane domain and the second extracellular loop (ECL2) of CCR5, were examined.
- macrophages/microglia within early remyelinating lesions expressed predominantly CCR5; possible role of CCR5(+) cells in initiating remyelination
- It is possible that HLA-DRB1(*)01 and DRB1(*)04 alleles could be associated with the delta 32-bp deletion of CCR5.
- simultaneous expression and cooperation between CCR5 and CXCR4 are required for chemokine-induced T cell costimulation at the immunological synapse
- analysis of CCR5Delta32 genotypes in a German HIV-1 seroconverter cohort
- study revealed that surface expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR5 on CD4+ T cells were increased markedly in patients with active SLE more than SLE patients in remission and the healthy subjects
- 2 of the 4 HIV-1 infected patients were heterozygous for the 32-bp deletion in the CCR5 coreceptor gene; both had slower disease progression with lower viral load levels & reduced rate of genetic evolution compared to the patients with normal CCR5 allele
- the CCL3L1-CCR5 genotype has a role in progression to AIDS from HIV-1 infections
- five genes (TNFSF10/TRAIL, IL1RN, IFI27, GZMB, and CCR5) were upregulated and three genes (CLK1, TNFAIP3 and BTG1) were downregulated in at least three out of four subpopulations during acute GVHD.
- CCR5/CXCR4 chimeric receptors have roles in immunological failure in HIV-infected children
- CXCR4 and CCR5 spontaneously form heterodimers and ligand-binding to CXCR4 or CCR5 causes different conformational changes affecting heterodimerization
- CD4+ T cells that secrete anti-viral CCR5 ligands are 'self-protected' against infection with R5 but not X4 strains of HIV-1.
- CCR5-delta32 mutation protects against nonatopic asthma.
- CCL3L1-CCR5 genotypes may impact on the dynamics of the HIV epidemic and, consequently, the observed heterogeneous global distribution of HIV infection
- Because the phenotypic consequence of -403A is reported to be higher levels of RANTES, we propose a model in which excess RANTES in combination with low CCR5 favors recovery from an HBV infection
- infiltrated neutrophils from patients with chronic inflammatory lung diseases and rheumatoid arthritis highly express CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CXCR3, and CXCR4
- These results indicate that HIV-1 subtype C proteins have high affinity for CCR5 with variable dependence on CD4.
- The CCR5-Delta32 variant had no profound effect on allograft rejection in North Indian transplant recipients influencing allograft outcome.
- There was an observed association between CCR5Delta32 and familial prostate cancer risk.
- The chemokine receptors CCR2-V64I (A) and CCR5- 59029 A alleles may influence renal allograft survival.
- The interaction of HIV-1 viral glycoprotein gp120 with the tyrosine-sulfated amino-terminus of human CCR5 is critical to the understanding of HIV-1 entry into the cell and is now reported at thermodynamic level.
- A 32 base pair deletion associated with increased hepatitis C viremia, results in reduction of Interferon-g virus-specific T cell response in haemophilic patients