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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for CD28(NM_006139.3) Search again
Product ID:
HQP022699
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
Tp44
Gene Description:
CD28 molecule
Target Gene Accession:
NM_006139.3(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
CD28 costimulation is essential for CD4 (MIM 186940)-positive T-cell proliferation, survival, interleukin-2 (IL2; MIM 147680) production, and T-helper type-2 (Th2) development.[supplied by OMIM].
Gene References into function
- Participation of this protein augments T cell receptor/CD3 antigen phosphoinositide signaling.
- role in t lymphocyte activation
- T cells grafted with a recombinant CD28/CDzeta signaling receptor secrete high amounts of IL-2 upon antigen binding without exogenous B7/CD28 costimulation, demonstrating that complete T cell activation can be delivered by one chimeric receptor molecule.
- CD28 gene region is associated with genetic susceptibility to celiac disease in UK families.
- The B7-CD28/CTLA-4 costimulatory pathway has a dominant role in regulating T-cell activation. Antagonists enable graft survival and suppress autoimmunity.
- Blockade of B7/CD28 costimulation in mixed lymphocyte reaction cultures results in the generation of alternatively activated macrophages, which suppress T-cell responses,and perhaps play a critical role in the induction of transplantation tolerance.
- characterizion of a splice variant (isoform)CD28i which, via noncovalent association with CD28, plays a role as a costimulatory signal amplifier in human T cells
- The phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxykinase-protein kinase B pathway links CD28 to cell cycle progression in primary T cells.
- novel simultaneous presence of eight different mRNA isoforms, all observed together in normal human T cells; this is an interesting finding in the study of CD28 mRNA structural variants
- PTEN expression was up-regulated on RNA and protein level in freshly isolated human CD4(+) T cells following stimulation with CD28 or CD2.
- CD28 function: a balance of costimulatory and regulatory signals. Review.
- Endotoxin-induced lymphopenia was constituted mainly by cells with an immature phenotype (CD45RA(+) CD45RO(-)) that were less likely to undergo apoptosis (CD28(+))
- The signaling event mediated by CD28 engagement has been proposed to have 2 pathways; the Cyclosporin A-resistant pathway is sensitive to the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin.
- results suggest that there is an unusual CD28 expression pattern in patients with acute infectious mononucleosis, namely, the presence of a functional CD28-intermediate subset among CD8 T cells
- CD28-dependent signaling directly influences HIV-1 replication by targeting the activity of the viral factor Tat.
- Neutrophil-expressed CD28 modulates not only granulocyte migration in vitro but also induction and secretion of IFN-gamma at the site of cocultured Leishmania-infected macrophages.
- CD28 costimulation functions to increase glycolytic flux, allowing T cells to anticipate energetic and biosynthetic needs associated with a sustained response.
- integration of the CD28 costimulatory signal in T cell activation
- role of ligation in modulating TCR-induced transcriptional profiles
- CD28 reversely regulates IL-10 on re-activation of human effector T cells with mature dendritic cells. The CD28/B7 pathway acted as a potent attenuator of IL-10 release.
- APC-dependent impairment of T cell proliferation in aging: role of CD28- and IL-12/IL-15-mediated signaling
- nucleolin and the A isoform of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-D0 (hnRNP-D0A), were identified to be among the key components of the site alpha complex in cells with inactive CD28
- CD28 ligation, IL-13 was released by eosinophils
- dependence of differential chemokine expression profiles in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes on CD28 and calcineurin signaling
- CD28, but not CD40L, expression is indispensable for the generation of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T-cells that suppress GVH reactivity after BMT.
- dependence of antigen-specific telomerase inducibility on CD28
- Cytokines were tested for ability to reinduce CD28 expression on T4 cells. Costimulation of the T-cell & IL-12 receptors induced CD28 transcription in about 50%. CD28 up-regulation by IL-12 correlated with CD28-initiator protein complex reassemby.
- CD28 activates NF-kappa B independently of T cell receptor by cooperating with Vav-1 and IKK alpha subunit of I kappa B kinase in both Jurkat and primary T cells.
- Tyrosine 200 of CD28 is required for efficient expression of HIV-1 transcription in activated T cells.
- Polymorphism of CD28 (CD28-I3 + 17) does not affect the risk of developing multiple sclerosis and has no influence on the course and progression of disease.
- CD28 appears to mediate actin polymerization in human T cells through the activation of the small Rho GTPase Cdc42.
- transition within memory CD4+ T cells from CD28 dependence in central memory cells to functional independence and then loss of CD28 expression in effector cells.
- Results suggest that the loss of CD28 expression during differentiation of memory/effector CD8+ T cells represents a decisive step in establishing regulation of responding CD8+ T cells.
- CD28 has a role in regulating the signaling cascades for T-cell proliferation and IL-10 production
- apoptosis plays a key role in the age-related decline of CD28 expression and in immunosenescence
- The number of CD4+CD28- cells in patients after renal transplantation, especially in graft recipients with chronic graft rejection, suggests a role of these cells in chronic graft destruction.
- There was a significant increase of the CD28 -372 G allele frequency in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients vs. controls.
- CD28 phenotype of anti-HIV CTL evolves in parallel with disease progression and disease activity
- a significant decrease of CD28+CD4+ and CD28+CD8+ T-cell percentage stimulated by PIII compared to its non-infected counterparts
- CD28i, by functioning as a signaling adaptor, transduces CD40L signaling as well as CD28 signaling in human T cells.
- role as a key regulator of genes important for both survival and inflammation
- down-regulated by SIVcpz and HIV-1 group N or O nef alleles
- CD28 signaling requires the SH3 domain of Tec as well as proline residues present in the intracytoplasmic tail of CD28
- translocation to lipid rafts may play an important role in CD28 signaling
- CD28-mediated up-regulation of RE/AP requires the ALX Src homology 2 domain
- results suggest that CD26-caveolin-1 interaction plays a role in the up-regulation of CD86 on TT-loaded monocytes and subsequent engagement with CD28 on T cells, leading to antigen-specific T cell activation
- CD28 signaling orchestrates both Src family kinase Lck and lipid raft recruitment to the immunological synapse to amplify T cell activation.
- This study could not confirm association with the CD28/CTLA4/ICOS gene region in multiple sclerosis.
- A higher frequency of CD28 +17 C allele was detected in white (27%) in comparison with mulatto (15%) and black (13%) Brazilian populations.
- down regulated in acute HIV infections of Jurkat cells, and acquisition by HIV positively affects HIV attachment and replication
- ALX exerts its effect on IL-2 up-regulation in the cytoplasm and responds to TCR and CD28 signaling
- in human T4 cells in the absence of TCR ligation, CD28/CD86 interaction induced lipid raft polarization, activation of Vav1, increase in intracellular calcium, and nuclear translocation of NFKBp65, but not T cell proliferation or cytokine production
- CD3/CD28 costimulation may further activate the T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway mediated by enhanced phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma/Src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein 1/Grap2/Vav-1
- an imbalance in CTLA-4/CD28 expression or suppressed T-cell activity at the maternal-fetal interface may confer susceptibility to unexplained pregnancy loss.
- There are no major effects of the CD28/CTLA4/ICOS gene region on susceptibility to primary sclerosing cholangitis but minor contributions cannot be excluded.
- CB T cells could be expanded using paramagnetic microbeads covalently linked to anti-CD28 Ab.
- findings reveal that CD80 is a superior ligand for CD28, but that its interaction with CTLA-4 attenuates T cell responses; CD86 is a relatively weak costimulator but lacks inhibitory CTLA-4 interactions, leading to enhanced T cell expansion
- CD28 signal is used to polarize the microtubule organizing center and cytolytic granules to the NK cell immune synapse by stimulating sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 activation
- Maximal IL-2 promoter activation by CD28 ligation may primarily require activation of NF-kappa B by Gads.
- Thus, in primary T lymphocytes CD28 costimulation can directly regulate cell cycle progression by inducing transcription of the substrate recognition components of SCF(skp2) ubiquitin ligase that targets p27(kip1) for degradation.
- p110delta contributes significantly to Th cell expansion and differentiation in vitro and in vivo, also in the context of CD28 costimulation.
- Data indicate that CD28 binding to filamin A is required to induce the T-cell cytoskeletal rearrangements leading to recruitment of lipid microdomains and signalling mediators into the immunological synapse.
- T cells bearing a mutation in the CD28 cytoplasmic domain, which abrogates PI3K activation, displayed normal clonal expansion but defective localization to antigenic sites following antigenic rechallenge.
- With multiethnic DNA panels that represent a wide spectrum of ethnic groups, we demonstrate long-range linkage disequilibrium among CD28, CTLA4, and ICOS costimulatory genes.
- mitogenic CD28 signals require but do not activate the proximal TCR components TCRzeta and Zap-70 kinase. In cell lines lacking proximal TCR signaling, an early defect in the CD28 pathway is in phosphorylation of the adaptor molecule SLP-76
- the WASp/SNX9/p85/CD28 complex enables a unique interface of endocytic, actin polymerizing, and signal transduction pathways required for CD28-mediated T cell costimulation
- These results may suggest that CD28 IVS3 +17TC genotype may be a risk factor for the development of BD, on the contrary CTLA-4 +49GG genotype may be protective in the studied Turkish population.
- analysis of a myeloma/DC cell-cell interaction involving CD28 that may play an important role in myeloma cell survival within the bone marrow stroma
- the covalently linked dimeric structure of CD28 represents an important mechanistic determinant for the optimal costimulatory activity in the immunological synapse
- Failure to increase surface expression of costimulatory molecules CD27 and CD28 following stimulation may contribute to naive T cell impairment in HIV infection.
- CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis might play a role in the induction and development of the endothelial dysfunction during rheumatoid arthritis
- CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory lymphocytes associate with CD8+ CD28- T regulatory cells
- 4-1BB costimulation is essential for expanding memory CD8+ T cells ex vivo and is superior to CD28 costimulation for generating Ag-specific products for adoptive cell therapy
- Superagonistic CD28 stimulation does not mimic classical costimulation; instead, it leads to a Ras/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/cofilin-independent state of unpolarized T cell activation.
- CD28 costimulation activates AKT to phosphorylate NF90 at Ser647 and phosphorylation triggers NF90 to relocate to the cytoplasm and stabilize IL-2 mRNA.
- Inhibition of T cells by CTLA-4 may be explained by reduction of CD28 on the cell surface, which might impede T cell response to stimulation.
- CD28(-)CD8(+) T cells may compete for 'immune space' with T4 cells suppressing their proliferation and therefore delaying CD4(+) T-cells recovery in kidney transplantation.
- Our findings define a pathway involving CD28 binding to Grb-2 and its co-operativity with Vav1 in the regulation of T-cell co-stimulation.
- Results showed an epistatic effect between CD28 and IFNG genes in susceptibility to cervical cancer.
- TCR-independent CD28 signals lead to the trans-activation of HIV-1 LTR in an NF-kappaB-dependent manner, via activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signalling pathway.
- data show that IL-7- and TCR/CD28-mediated signaling differentially regulate IL-7Ralpha expression on human T cells with a transient and chronic effect, respectively.
- hepatitis C virus envelope protein E2 is the only ligand known for CD81
- anti-CD3/CD28 enhances vaccine efficacy by limiting the regulatory T cell response and promoting expansion of activated effector cells
- Lack of CD28 antigen in cd4 T cells in multiple sclerosis produce patients whose disease is not significantly suppresse by treatment with interferon beta-1b.
- CD28 down-regulation on CD4 cells is associated with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and poor outcomes in lung transplantation recipients
- Data suggest that a decrease in CD8+CD28- T cells may reflect impaired T-cell suppression and accordingly, increased T cell help to autoreactive B cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
- CTLA-4 and CD28 gene polymorphisms did not play an important role in Turkish patients with Colorectal cancer
- Human postthymic regulatory T cells require CD28 costimulation to expand and maintain potent suppressive function in vivo.
- In the T cell-dendritic cell synapse, transgenic murine CD80 clusters are colocalized with CD28 and protein kinase C theta, a characteristic of the central supramolecular activation cluster.
- Report blocking effect of an immuno-suppressive agent, cynarin, on CD28 of T-cell receptor.
- Functional integrity of CD28 receptor p56lck transgene and plasma membrane lipid rafts are all prerequisites for up-regulation and long-term expression of Foxp3 mRNA transcripts in CD4positive25(high)Foxp3positive regulatory T cell precursors.
- moderate exercise training in the elderly is associated with increased expression of CD28 on Th cells