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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for CXCR4(NM_003467.2) Search again
Product ID:
HQP018803
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
CD184, D2S201E, FB22, HM89, HSY3RR, LAP-3, LAP3, LCR1, LESTR, NPY3R, NPYR, NPYRL, NPYY3R, WHIM, WHIMS, WHIMS1
Gene Description:
C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4
Target Gene Accession:
NM_003467.2(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
This gene encodes a CXC chemokine receptor specific for stromal cell-derived factor-1. The protein has 7 transmembrane regions and is located on the cell surface. It acts with the CD4 protein to support HIV entry into cells and is also highly expressed in breast cancer cells. Mutations in this gene have been associated with WHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis) syndrome. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq].
Gene References into function
- Biological characterization and chemokine receptor usage of HIV type 1 isolates prevalent in Brazil.
- elastase-mediated proteolysis of SDF-1/CXCR4 is part of a mechanism regulating their biological functions in both homeostatic and pathologic processes
- CCR-5 expression in thymocytes was significantly lower than that of CXCR-4 and there was no functional response. A modest increase in expression was associated with in vitro thymocyte stimulation.
- the role of CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5 in HIV envelope-mediated apoptosis was examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- mechanism of ligand recognition
- Use of the stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 pathway in prostate cancer metastasis to bone.
- Lipopolysaccharide, lipoarabinomannan and lipoteichoic acid down-regulated the expression of CXCR4 and CCR5 on monocytes
- SDF-1/CXCR-4 identifies VEGF- and bFGF-regulated autocrine signaling systems that are essential regulators of endothelial cell morphogenesis and angiogenesis.
- Membrane cholesterol is essential for CXCR4 conformation and binding to SDF-1 alpha on T cells and is required by HIV on target cell membranes for infection.
- CXCR4/CXCL12 expression and signalling in kidney cancer
- without functional CXCR4, morphogenesis of the hippocampal DG fails.
- CXCR4 is present on the resident testicular macrophages in the interstitial space but not in the germ cell line
- leukemic Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+)CD34+ cells from newly diagnosed CML patients that express the chemokine receptor CXCR4 migrate in response to stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)
- role of post-translational modifications of amino terminus in stromal-derived factor 1 alpha association and HIV-1 entry
- HIV-1 crosses M cell monolayers and infects underlying CD4(+) target cells. Transport requires both lactosyl cerebroside and CXCR4 receptors.
- CXCR4 expression is regulated by IL-6 or factors positively coupled to cAMP and results in SDF-1-dependent chemotaxis in central nervous system astrocytes
- Follicular dendritic cell-mediated up-regulation of CXCR4 expression on CD4 T cells in coculture correlates with augmented HIV-1 binding and entry into these cells and increases susceptibility of germinal center CD4 T cells to HIV infection.
- Crosstalk between BCR/ABL oncoprotein and CXCR4 signaling through a Src family kinase in human leukemia cells.
- Protein-disulfide isomerase-mediated reduction of two disulfide bonds of HIV envelope glycoprotein 120 occurs post-binding to this protein and is required for fusion
- CCR5-binding chemokines modulate CXCL12 (SDF-1)-induced responses of progenitor B cells in human bone marrow through heterologous desensitization of the chemokine receptor.
- signaling is active in rhabdomyosarcoma cells and regulates locomotion, chemotaxis, and adhesion
- results suggest dynamic CXCR4 expression on CD34(+) stem and progenitor cells, regulating their motility and repopulation capacities
- P. falciparum antigens (PF-Ags) variably regulate the expression of HIV-1 coreceptors and modulate the infectability of CD4 cells by HIV-1
- Significant increase in surface CCR5 in CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and CD14+ cells as well as an increased percentage of CXCR3 and CXCR4 in CD14+ cells in MS patients.
- coreceptor binding domain, the V3 region of the surface envelope (SU) glycoprotein, was replaced by the V3 loop of a CD4- and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 strain; the resulting virus, termed SIVagm3-X4mc, exclusively used CD4 and CXCR4 for cell entry
- the importance of the V3 loop and the beta19 strand of an X4 gp120 glycoprotein in binding CXCR4
- CXCR4 signaling is mediated by beta-arrestin 2
- glioma cells express CXCR4, which functions to regulate survival in part through activating pathways such as Akt
- Role of the intracellular domains of CXCR4 in SDF-1-mediated signaling
- CXCR4 and motor protein nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-IIA colocalize at the leading edge of migrating T lymphocytes, together with filamentous actin and myosin light chain.
- ligand-independent dimerization of this principal HIV-1 coreceptor
- expressed in human brain tumors and is involved in glial proliferation in vitro
- ubiquitination may contribute to finding of multiple MW isoforms of CXCR4
- Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes breast carcinoma invasion in an autocrine manner by regulating the chemokine receptor CXCR4.
- CD45 differentially regulates CXCR4-mediated chemotactic activity and MAPK activation by modulating the activities of focal adhesion components
- findings suggest that a subset of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells expresses functional CXCR4, which may be important in tumor cell migration and local tumor invasion
- In the absence of any stimulation, human fetal astrocytes express mRNA for receptor CXCR4.
- HIV-1 infection of neuronal cells may involve CCR5/CXCR4 receptor
- L-selectin mobilized intracellular CXCR4 to significantly increase surface CXCR4 stimulation, inhibited SDF-1 induced CXCR4 internalization, increased SDF-1-induced lymphocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration.
- some HIV-1 subtype C viruses, isolated from 29 South African patients with advanced AIDS, are able to use CCR5, CXCR4, or both CXCR4 and CCR5 for entry
- The specific distribution and regulation of chemokine receptors CXCR1, CXCR4, CCR5, and CCR2b in endometrial epithelium and blastocyst suggest a role for these receptors in the apposition and adhesion phases of human implantation.
- CXCR4 is induced by NF-kappa B and has a role in breast cancer cell migration and metastasis
- The identification of mutations in CXCR4 in individuals with WHIM syndrome represents the first example of aberrant chemokine receptor function causing human disease.
- CXCR4 is highly expressed on muscle satellite cells.
- Mu-opioid modulates HIV-1 coreceptor expression and HIV-1 replication.
- examination of expression in prostate cancer
- SDF-1-dependent polarization of CXCR4 is promoted by leukocyte-endothelium interaction
- Changes in expression, localization, & phosphorylation/activation of Rb & E2F-1 induced by SDF-1alpha & gp120(IIIB) were analyzed in cultured rat neurons & in a human cell line expressing recombinant CXCR4. CXCR4 affects cell-cycle proteins in neurons.
- Factors other than alteration in SDF-1/CXCR4 chemokine system must account for marrow infiltration of neoplastic cells in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
- PGE2 is a mediator of VEGF- and bFGF-induced CXCR4-dependent neovessel assembly in vivo and show that angiogenic effects of PGE2 require CXCR4 expression.
- mutation at interaction site for AMD3100 influences anti-CXCR4 antibody binding and HIV-1 entry
- results provided experimental evidence for existence of close association between CD14 and HIV coreceptor CXCR4 on human monocytic cells
- results confirm a role for SDF-1alpha and IL-7 in HIV-1 disease progression, and suggest that these cytokines play a role in the modulation of CXCR4
- expression increased in individuals heterozygous for CCR5 delta 32 mutations
- reexpressed CXCR4 following SDF-1 removal was able to elicit integrin-dependent migration of hematopoietic progenitor cells
- Tumors with high CXCR4 expression showed more extensive lymphatic spread than those with low CXCR4 expression, because the range and number of metastatic nodes were significantly larger in cases of high CXCR4 expression than in those with low expression.
- Macrophages are activated through CCR5- and CXCR4-mediated HIV gp120-elicited signaling pathways.
- The von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor protein pVHL negatively regulates CXCR4 expression owing to its capacity to target hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) for degradation under normoxic conditions
- BMECs produce and release small amounts of SDF-1 and express CXCR4 in vivo only
- stromal-cell-derived factor-1alpha /CXCR4 signaling may be involved in the establishment of lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma via activation of both Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases and Akt induced by src-Family Kinases
- engagement of both CD4 and CXCR4 is required for HIV-induced shedding of L-selectin on primary resting CD4(+) T cells.
- CXCR4 is critical to the progression of diverse brain malignancies
- Low oxygen concentration induces high expression of the CXCL12 receptor, CXC receptor 4 in different cell types
- Data show that the Nedd4-like E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 mediates ubiquitination of CXCR4 at the plasma membrane, and of the ubiquitin binding protein Hrs on endosomes.
- expression of CXCR4 and CCR5 on non-cultured non-stimulated primary human trophoblast cells
- Results show that the stromal-derived factor-1alpha/CXCR4 axis is involved in the dissemination of non-small cell lung cancer cells into pleural space.
- Epithelial CXCR4 can transduce functional signals in human intestinal epithelial cells that modulate important cAMP-mediated cellular functions.
- We observed a statistically significant decrease in the levels of surface expression of CXCR4 on myeloma cells in four consecutive apheresis collections compared with premobilization bone marrow specimens.
- Cross-sectional analysis of HIV-exposed, uninfected infants revealed high proportions of CXCR4-expressing cells in their cord blood, which declined at 4.5 months and increased between 9 and 15 months to levels approaching those of uninfected adults.
- Important mechanistic role for CXCR4 and SDF-1/CXCL12 in regulating angiogenesis within the human intestinal mucosa.
- first-trimester trophoblast cells express functional CXCR4/CXCL12, which may play an important role in early pregnancy such as stimulating trophoblast cell proliferation or differentiation in an autocrine manner
- both HIV strains R5 and X4 gp120 activate intracellular signals in macrophages through CCR5 and CXCR4
- FTY720 increases CXCR4 function in hematopoietic stem cells both in vitro and in vivo
- interacts with Nef protein which targets CD4+ T cells for apoptosis
- the endogenous chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 /CXCR4 signaling axis is critical for neuroblastoma cell survival and proliferation
- A significant increase of stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha and CXCR4 was observed in protein extracts of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in comparison with normal controls.
- CXCR4 is expressed in human ductal carcinoma in situ as well as in atypical ductal hyperplasia; expression at this early step of tumor development suggests CXCR4 role in providing selective advantage to such cells on their way to metastasizing carcinomas
- Strong CXCR4-positive nuclear staining was associated with a significantly better outcome in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
- syndecan-4/CXCR4 complex is likely a functional unit involved in SDF-1 binding
- this study suggested that stromal cell-derived factor 1 can influence neural progenitor cells function through CXCR4 and that CXCR4 is functional on neural progenitor cells
- SDF-1/CXCR-4 interaction is required for the survival of myeloid differentiating cells, and it also induces a block in G-CSF-induced myeloid differentiation
- expression significantly increased on CD4 CD45RO T cells and significantly diminished in CD4 CD45RA subset in HIV-infected adolescents; in infants no impact on expression in CD454RA CD4 subset while CXCR4 was diminished in the CD4 CD45RA subset.
- Data suggest that the Tec family kinase ITK may regulate the ability of CXC chemokine receptor 4 to induce T cell migration.
- Pulmonary tuberculosis is associated with high level expression of CXCR4 on alveolar macrophages, which allows for entry of T cell-tropic X4 HIV-1 into alveolar macrophages.
- Intracellular calcium signalling through both receptors can be measured in a single experiment upon the sequential addition of CXCR4- and CCR5-directed chemokines.
- High levels of chemokine receptor CXCR4 confer a more aggressive behavior on prostate cancer cells. CXCR4 may act not only as a homing receptor, but also as a positive regulator of tumor growth and angiogenesis.
- in the RD embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, PAX3-FKHR upregulates expression of the gene encoding the chemokine receptor CXCR4
- CXCR4 signaling in oral SCC cells might be involved in the diverse action of oral squamous cell carcinoma, including invasion or micrometastasis at the primary site and lymph node metastasis.
- T140 analog may act as an anti-rheumatoid arthritis agent by antagonizing CXCR4.
- CXCR4 and its ligand stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1alpha) induced transendothelial breast cancer cell migration through activation of the PI-3K/AKT pathway and Ca(2+)-mediated signaling.
- show that CXCR4, although present at the surface of a small subset of MSCs, is important for mediating specific migration of these cells to bone marrow.
- the homing of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells is optimal when CXCR4 is incorporated in membrane lipid rafts
- Incubation with single chain Fv antibodies results in reduction of CXCL12-induced calcium mobilization in prostate cancer cells.
- CXCL12 signaling via CXCR4 directs intestinal epithelial cell migration, barrier maturation, and restitution, consistent with an important mechanistic role for these molecules in mucosal barrier integrity and innate host defense.
- CXCR4 may be a novel regulator of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastatic processes
- Changes in the expression of CXCR4 are induced by mobilization, positively selected CD34+ cells & in vitro expansion, but this does not affect homing efficiency.
- CXCR4/CXCL12 axis may participate in the EBV-associated lymphomagenesis process in immunodeficient hosts.
- Mechanisms of CXCR4/CXCL12-mediated prostate cancer cell migration and invasion.
- CXCR4 expression in neuroblastoma primary tumors is significantly correlated with the pattern of metastatic spread
- CXCR4 signaling mediates the establishment of lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
- constitutive endocytosis of CXCR4 in human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells may be involved in the regulation of trafficking the human hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells to and in the bone marrow microenvironment
- CXCR4 is a potential target for the attenuation of bladder cancer metastases.
- These results provide a plausible mechanism for HER2-mediated breast tumor metastasis and establish a functional link between HER2 and CXCR4 signaling pathways.
- CXCR4 receptor is frequently expressed in metastatic pancreatic tumor cells. CXCR4 not only stimulates cell motility and invasion but also promotes survival and proliferation
- Bone marrow strongly expresses functional stromal-derived factor (CXCL12), the ligand for CXCR4
- down-regulated during differentiation, may prove useful in studies of that process
- effect of CXCR4 activation on neuronal survival may vary depending on the ligand and/or pathways involved in cell survial cellular conditions
- HIV-1 activates major CXCR4-dependent signal transduction pathways and acts as a chemoattractant for unstimulated primary CXCR4+CD4+ T cells.
- density of chemokine receptors expressed on CD4(+) T cells may be a critical parameters for the cytopathic effect of HIV strains and may have major impact on CD4 T cell depletion during HAART
- Mast cell function and survial are altered following in vitro infection with human immunodeficiency viruses-1 through CXCR4.
- stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha/CXC chemokine receptor 4 pathway has roles in migration of neural stem cells to sites of CNS injury
- The N-terminal part of the 1st intracellular loop (ICL) is needed to activate Jak2 after SDF-1alpha binding to CXCR4, leading to phosphorylation of only one cytoplasmic Tyr, present at the C terminus of the 2nd (ICL), which triggers STAT3 activation.
- examination of ligand-induced conformational changes in CXCR4 homo- and heterodimers by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer
- used preferentially by R5X4 HIV-1 isolates for infection of primary lymphocytes
- study provides first evidence for epigenetic regulation of CXCR4 in human cancers, providing new insights into the role of CXCR4/CXCL12 interactions in tumor progression
- CXCR4 could exert local control of TLR4 and suggest the possibility of new therapeutic approaches to suppression of TLR4 function
- decreased circulating CD26 levels in arthritis may influence CD26-mediated regulation of the chemotactic SDF-1/CXCR4 axis
- lack of CXCR4 expression on plasma-cell precursors is not a limiting factor for plasma-cell homing and that the expression of CXCR3 on memory B cells
- Increased CXCR4 Receptor expression is associted with osteosarcoma tumor progression
- Laminar shear stress(LSS)-dependent CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) down-regulation may contribute to atheroprotection by favoring the integrity of the endothelial barrier
- Finally, we conclude that the up-regulation of CCR5 and CXCR4 can at least partially contribute to the down-regulation of transfactor YY1 which is p38 MAPK pathway-dependent and this up-regulation has little relationship with MTB and HIV co-infection.
- Epigenetic up-regulation of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 expression is associated with melanoma
- propose that decreased internalization of WHIM-associated mutated CXCR4 leads to enhancement of signaling in response to SDF1, providing biochemical basis for the autosomal dominant abnormalities of cell trafficking and function
- Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed down-regulation by 3.86 and 1.9 for IL-6 and CXCR4 genes, respectively by recombinant erythropoietin
- binding by stromal cell-derived factor-1 promotes chemotactic recruitment, development and survival of human osteoclasts
- EGF and hypoxia induce CXCR4 in non-small cell lung cancer, a process regulated by the PI3-kinase/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and activation of HIF-1alpha
- CHK down-regulates CXCR4 through the YY1 transcription factor, leading to decreased CXCR4-mediated breast cancer cell motility and migration.
- activation of integrins and CXCR4 chemokine receptors co-operate in mediating adhesion and survival signals from the tumor microenvironment to SCLC cells
- Data suggest that CXCR4 could be useful as a prognostic factor and as a predictor of potential metastatic development in osteosarcoma.
- SDF-1alpha induces a CXCR4-dependent migration of HeLa cells
- In an organotypic melanoma culture, cytotoxic T cells (CTL) mediated by chemokine receptor CXCR4 expressed by the CTL migrate from the top layer through a collagen/fibroblast separating layer toward the tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis.
- prostate cancers may be influenced by the CXCL12:CXCR4 pathway during metastasis
- High expressions of CXCR4 is associated with differentiated and intestinal-type gastric cancers
- Amino acid substitutions in the Cxcr4 is associated with the pathogenesis of medulloblastomas
- The presence of CXCR4 variants before initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy was not independently associated with a poorer outcome of therapy.
- RGS16 is a negative regulator of CXCR4 signaling in megakaryocytes
- These data suggest that CXCR4 overexpression during the course of the disease in some patients could favor the emergence of X4 strains.
- Human glomerular endothelial cells express CXCR4 mRNA and protein.
- CXCR4 may contribute to the high level of VEGF produced by malignant glioma cells
- CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is expressed in prostate cancer bone metastasis and exogenous CXCL12 induced MMP-9 expression.
- CXCR4 is trans activated by IGF1R in human breast cancer epithelial cells
- in contrast to the CD34+ progenitors, the lineage-committed hematopoietic progenitor cells express high levels of the HIV-1 co-receptors, CXCR4 and CCR5
- These findings demonstrated a correlation between the enhanced susceptibility of activated T cells to HIV-1 fusion and accumulation of ubiquitinated 62-64 kDa CXCR4 species, which preferentially associated with CD4.
- CXCR4 expression mediates organ-specific metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells.
- Comprehensive mutation analysis of the CXCR4 gene confirmed a high degree of genetic conservation within the coding region of this ancient sub-Saharan African population belonging to the Xhosa ethnic group of South Africa.
- Overexpression of CXCR4 is associated with the metastatic potential of human non-small cell lung cancer
- findings suggest that CXCR4 might be involved in the lymph-node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma
- CXCR4 may have a role in early metastatic spread because its expression was associated with micrometastases to both the lymph nodes and bone marrow.
- in hematopoietic cells stimulated via CXCR4, Lyn kinase is a positive regulator of cell movement while negatively regulating adhesion to stromal cells by inhibiting the ICAM-1-binding activity of beta(2) integrins
- Results strongly suggest that the CXCR4/CXC12 axis plays an important role in the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric carcinoma.
- The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis promotes hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell proliferation in contact with mesenchymal stem cells.
- Rsults suggested that CXCR4 expression was associated with metastatic progression.
- The specific 30-bp deletion of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-derived latent membrane protein-1 gene has been suggested to be associated with the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
- CXCR4 function is subject to complex and potentially tightly controlled regulation in breast cancer cells via differential G protein-receptor complex formation, and this regulation may play a role in the transition from nonmetastatic to malignant tumors.
- Findings indicate that CXCR4 is expressed and active in human melanoma metastases.
- In colorectal cancer, CXCR4 triggers stimulation of clonogenic growth, induction of VEGF release, and ICAM-1 up-regulation.
- CXCR4 expression significantly correlated with known prognostic factors at relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
- CXCR4-DeltaCTD-transduced MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/CXCR4-DeltaCTD cells) exhibit a higher growth rate and altered morphology, potentially indicating an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
- binding of CXCL12 to its receptor leads to enhanced expression of alpha5 and beta3 integrins
- ligand-dependent degradation and lower HIF-1alpha levels may be potential causes of lowered levels of CXCR4 in the lymph nodes compared to the primary tumors.
- Expression of CXCR4 was significantly reduced in all systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) subsets compared with normal.
- Adenosine increases cell-surface CXCR4 protein, which enables the carcinoma cells to migrate toward CXCL12.
- CXCR4 may influence the immune system under physiologic and pathologic conditions through negative regulation of MHC class II expression, possibly through PKA and SRC kinase.
- gp120IIIB toxicity and signaling do not require CXCR4 internalization in SH-SY5Y cells
- HIV-infected cells can induce autophagy in bystander CD4+ T lymphocytes through contact of Env with CXCR4.
- CISK plays an important role in specifically attenuating ubiquitin-dependent degradation of CXCR4, and provide a mechanistic link between the PI 3-kinase pathway and CXCR4 stability.
- SDF-1alpha stimulates the physical association of CXCR4 and the T cell receptor (TCR) and utilizes the ZAP-70 binding ITAM domains of the TCR for signal transduction
- Here, we report that Nef downregulates the second major HIV-1 coreceptor, CXCR4, from the surfaces of HIV-infected primary CD4 T lymphocytes with efficiencies comparable to those of the natural CXCR4 ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha
- mechanisms involved in hypoxia-induced metastasis and hypoxia-mediated chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression
- Preferential role of in cytotoxic T lymphocyte migration toward melanoma cells.
- In this review, we consider the pathological nature and characteristics of the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway in the tumor microenvironment. Strategies for therapeutically targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis also are discussed.
- Expression of the WHIM-type C-terminal-truncated hyperfunctional CXCR4 does not itself cause apoptosis but retards leukocyte release from bone marrow where they senesce.
- CXCR4 is up-regulated in the skin of patients with early systemic sclerosis.
- expression of AR down-regulates the migratory responses of human prostate cancer cells via CXCR4 and CCR1
- CD4, complement receptors, and CXCR4 chemokine receptors are required for complement mediated antibody dependent enhanced entry of HIV into MT2 cells
- Tax expression correlated with activation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis
- Nitric oxide(NO) pathway can modulate CXCR4 expression in human CD34(+) cells and suggests that NO may play a critical role in the trafficking of hematopoietic progenitors.
- Significantly higher CXCR4 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis in human cervical cancer
- The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis plays a critical role in regulating initial vessel formation, and may function as a morphogen during human embryonic vascular development.
- Galpha13-Rho signaling axis is required for SDF-1-induced migration through CXCR4
- This is the first demonstration of CXCR4 expression in VHL disease-associated retinal hemangioblastomas
- CXCR4 expression in colorectal liver metastases suggests it is a predictive factor. CCL20 and receptor CCR6 expression in hepatocellular carcinomas indicates a role of a CCL20/CCR6 ligand-receptor pair in liver carcinogenesis and progression.
- CXCR4/CXCL12 interactions may play a role in the accumulation of CXCR4-expressing T cells and a subset of CD25high regulatory T cells within non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)tissue.
- CXCR4 is differentially expressed at high levels in the peripheral blood and is down-regulated in the bone marrow in response to high levels of SDF-1.
- suggest a mechanism for elevated CXCR4 expression and metastasis of breast cancers with p53 mutations or isoform expression
- Isolation from cord blood a population of human cells that are similar to murine bone marrow-derived cells containing CXCR4.
- Strong CXCR4 expression reveals a poorer long-term prognosis following curative esophagectomy in two predominant histologic types of esophageal carcinoma--squamous cell and adenocarcinoma.
- Pathway analysis also implicated a role for chemokines and their receptors, specifically CXCR4 and CCR3, in AD.
- curcumin induced downregulation of CXCR4 protein in Follicular Lymphoma cell lines
- SF162 has a single pathway for acquiring CXCR4 use
- mutant receptor (CXCR3[K300A, S304E]) showed markedly enhanced HIV coreceptor function compared to the wild-type receptor (CXCR3[WT])
- CXCR4 overexpression for improved human adipose tissue stromal cell motility, retention, and proliferation could be beneficial for in vivo navigation and expansion of stem cells.
- In this study, interleukin 18 (IL-18) levels were higher during early HIV infection, and IL-18 levels predicted reduced CXCR4 HIV-1 coreceptor expression and diminished interferon gamma levels.
- MIIA plays a role in CXCR4 endocytosis, which involves its dynamic association with beta-arrestin and highlights the role of endogenous MIIA as a regulator of CXCR4 internalization and, therefore, the onset of SDF-1alpha signaling.
- CXCR4-positive pancreatic cells express markers of pancreatic endocrine progenitors (neurogenin-3, nestin) and markers of pluripotent stem cells (Oct-4, Nanog, ABCG2, CD133, CD117).
- Stimulation of two receptors together, using gp120, a component of HIV enhanced cell adhesion greater than stimulation of CD4 or CXCR4 individually. (gp120)
- Reduced expression of CXCR4 by CD34+ cells is a characteristic of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia which is associated with the constitutive mobilization of CD34+ cells and occurs in patients with advanced forms of the disease
- Beta-catenin has a significant role in pancreatic cancer progression through interactions with CXCR4.
- By activating CXCR4, macrophage migration inhibitory factordisplays chemokine-like functions and acts as a major regulator of inflammatory cell recruitment and atherogenesis.
- CXCR4 expression is an important prognostic factor in ovarian carcinoma.
- These results indicated that the activation of CXCR4 and its signaling pathways (MEK1/2 and Akt) are essential for CXCL12-induced cholangiocarcinoma cell invasion.
- complex interaction between signaling from the CXCR4 receptor on acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with those initiated by IL-7 & IL-3, suggesting CXCL12 may facilitate ALL proliferation by enhancing cytokine-signaling pathways in responsive cases
- Primary cervical adenocarcinoma cells expressing CXCR4 are significantly more likely to metastasize to pelvic lymph nodes.
- Results describe the evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope function during the process of coreceptor switching from CCR5 to CXCR4.
- The CXCL12 ligand with its exclusive receptor CXCR4 has a pivotal role in the directional migration of cancer cells during the metastatic process. [REVIEW}
- When CXCR4 expression was decreased with siRNA, HRMECs were less invasive and also resulted in markedly diminished vascular networks on Matrigel as compared to the controls.
- CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling axis can induce angiogenesis and progression of tumors by increasing expression of vascular endothelial growth factor through the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway
- by down-regulating neutrophil CXCR4 expression and attenuating neutrophil responsiveness to SDF-1, lipopolysaccharide can mobilize neutrophils from bone marrow to the peripheral blood through reducing neutrophil retention in bone marrow
- High CXCR4 overexpression had a significant impact on disease-free survival in HER-2 negative breast cancer patients and may help identify a subset of HER-2 negative breast cancers that have a more aggressive biological behavior.
- CXCR4 expression in human microvascular endothelial cells and human melanoma cells is enhanced by hypoxia
- RANTES, MCP-1, CCR2, CCR5, CXCR1 and CXCR4 gene polymorphisms do not have a role in progression of hepatitis B virus infection
- the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis plays an important role in the regulation of motility of Flk1+ MSC
- Data suggest that increased expression of CXCR4 associated with HIV binding and entry coupled with decreased innate antiviral factors may render the tonsil a potential site for oral transmission.
- These results suggested that, in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma, the paracrine SDF-1/CXCR4 system potentiates lymph node metastasis, but distant metastasis might require the autocrine SDF-1/CXCR4 system.
- CXCR4 contributed to lymphatic involvement and nodal metastasis in colorectal cancer.
- Proteomic analysis was performed of the cellular responses induced in uninfected cells by cell-expressed X4 HIV-1 envelope.
- CXCR4 contributes to renal carcinoma cells (RCC) dissemination and may provide a novel link between CXCL12 expression and integrin beta1 triggered RCC adhesion to the vascular wall and subendothelial matrix components
- analysis of allosteric inhibition by CCR2/CXCR4 heterodimers
- This study provides evidence for a novel role for NPM as a negative regulator of CXCR4 signaling induced by CXCL12 that may be relevant to the biology of acute myelogenous leukemia.
- High expression of nuclear CXCR4 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.
- Aphanizomenon flos water extract contains a novel ligand for CD62L. It modulates CXCR4 expression on CD34+ bone marrow cells in vitro and triggers stem cell mobilization in vivo.
- the involvement of the bone marrow microenvironment and CXCR4/SDF1alpha signaling in metastasis of Rhabdomyosarcoma.
- DPPIV and SDF-1alpha/CXCR4 play crucial roles in regulating the migratory potential of HPMCs, which may be involved in the re-epithelialization of denuded basement membrane at the site of peritoneal injury.
- Hypoxia is associated with up-regulation of CXCR4 expression in human normal and malignant B cells, through both transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms.
- The level of CXCR4 expression correlates with the degree of malignancy of human gliomas and may contribute to their rapid growth.
- The CXCR4 binding assay conditions and radioligand binding assay are highly valuable to identify and design better HIV inhibitors for HIV dementia.
- Data support the conclusion that miRNA against CXCR4 can serve as an alterative means of therapy to lower CXCR4 expression and to block the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells.
- Overexpression of SDF-1alpha/CXCR4 is associated with enhanced peritoneal metastasis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma
- Immunolocalization of IL-7, IL-7Ralpha, SDF-1alpha, and CXCR4 resulted in a diffuse but specific labeling. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of the above-mentioned transcripts.
- Data indicate that the evolution of CXCR4 (X4)-using viruses is a multi-step, temporally structured process and that the thymus may play an important role in the evolution/amplification of coreceptor variants.
- bone marrow-derived-SDF-1alpha enhances the invasiveness of lung cancer cells by increasing MMP-9 expression through the CXCR4/ERK/NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway
- CXCR4 strongly promotes neuroblastoma primary tumour and metastatic growth, but not invasion
- the AIP4.arrestin-2 complex functions on endosomes to regulate sorting of CXCR4 into the degradative pathway
- CXCR4 glycan inhibits CD4-independent X4 virus infection.
- G-CSF treatment induced reduced expression of CXCR4, VLA-4 and VEGFR-1 in patients with liver failure.
- Data show CXCR4 was co-immunoprecipitated with cyclophilin and a Ligand stimulation of CXCR4 induced CyPA phosphorylation and nuclear translocation.
- HIV-1 chimeras were able to infect U373MAGI-CD4+-CCR5+ but not U373MAGI-CD4+-CXCR4+ cell line, suggesting CCR5 coreceptor utilization and R5 phenotypes.
- BSDL plays a role in optimal platelet activation and thrombus formation by interacting with CXCR4 on platelets.
- Review highlights the differential expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 and their importance for the temporal regulation of neuronal migration and circuit formation during development and possibly in adult neurogenesis and repair.
- CXCR4 is not only involved in LPS binding but is also responsible for triggering signalling
- studies demonstrate that KLF2 is required for smooth muscle cell migration and elucidate a novel mechanism involving communication between PDGF and KLF2 in vascular maturation
- LMP1 upregulates CXCR4 expression and induces CXCR4 moving into the cell nucleus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
- CXCR4 targeting is a novel potential strategy in the treatment of human anaplastic thyroid cancer.
- high APN enzyme activity may antagonize the cellular properties regulated by the CXCR4/SDF-1alpha system in embryonic kidney cells.
- Thus, plectin appears to interact with CXCR4 and plays an important role in CXCR4 signaling and trafficking and HIV-1 infection.
- Increased CXCR4 is associated with angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer.
- Data show that an N-terminal deletion mutant of CD63 blocks entry of CXCR4-using, T-cell tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (X4 HIV-1) by suppressing CXCR4 surface expression.
- With delta opioid receptor, forms heterodimeric complexes that are dynamically regulated by the ligands.
- the pattern of chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
- Altered SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in patients with primary myelofibrosis and in the Gata1 low mouse model of the disease
- Establishment of a CXCR4 expressing human gastric cancer cell line transplantable into nude mice seems to be important in discussing the possibility of an in vivo model of treatment with AMD 3100 in the in vivo system
- Constitutive deletion of Cxcr4 specifically in interneurons alters the regional distribution of interneurons within the cortex and leads to interneuron laminar positioning defects in the transgenic postnatal cortex.
- CXCR4 and CCR7 provide directional migration of uveal melanoma cells toward the liver, the most common site for the formation of uveal melanoma metastases.
- REVIEW: molecular mechanism by which neutrophils accumulate at the advanced plaques
- role for GRK3 in regulating CXCR4 attenuation and have provided a mechanistic link between the GRK3 pathway and the CXCR4-related WHIM(WT) disorder.
- Reduced expression of CXCR4 and CD34/CXCR4-positive cells was also observed in diabetic patients correlated with levels of progenitor cells
- in cultured human breast cancer cells HIV-1 induced apoptosis is mediated via CXCR4 in breast cancer cells that exhibit conformational heterogeneity in comparison with CXCR4 in T-cells
- CHK is capable of inhibiting the CXCL12-CXCR4 pathway in neuroblastoma.
- expression of CXCR4 by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) regulates hMSC adhesion to endothelial cells
- Lipid raft-disrupting agents inhibited raft-associated CXCL12/CXCR4 transactivation of the HER2 and cellular invasion in prostate cancer cells.
- YY1 and VEGF/CXCR4 seem to intervene in the pathogenesis of the malignant phenotype of osteosarcoma by acting on cell invasiveness and metastasis growth.
- Cell surface, total protein, and mRNA levels of CXCR4, principal signaling receptor for SDF1, were significantly decreased in Dll4-transduced endothelial cells, attributable to a significant reduction of CXCR4 promoter activity.
- SDF-1alpha and CXCR4 expressions are possible markers of highly-invasive SCC and regulated by epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
- Overexpressions of CXCR4 ligand receptor in sinusoidal endothelial cells in hepatocellular carcinoma suggest that the CXCR4 ligand receptor pathway plays a possible role in HCC progression through neoangiogenesis
- In node-negative breast cancers CXCR4 membrane expression is prognostic and probably plays a key role in vascular invasion by cancer cells and a role in lymphatic invasion.
- Inhibition of CXCR4 activity with AMD3100 decreases invasion of human colorectal cancer cells in vitro.
- The PSA-CXCR4 retrovirus vector may be a potential choice in gene therapy for androgen-responsive prostate cancer.
- Expression of nuclear CXCR4 predicts lymph node (LN) metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC).
- the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis interacts with VLA-4 in regulating migration and adhesion of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia cells in the bone marrow microenvironment
- CXCL12 enhances Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell invasiont through paracrine-activated CXCR4, triggering MMP-13 upregulation.
- Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 inhibits SDF-1alpha-induced migration of non-small cell lung cancer by decreasing CXCR4 expression.
- abnormal methylation of the CXCR4 promoter is a mechanism contributing to constitutive migration of CD34(+) cells in primary myelofibrosis
- VLA-4, CX3CR1, and CXCR4, involved in T-cell homing, had increased expression in ITP patients
- dendritic cells transmit CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 much more efficiently than CCR5 strains
- Using a 4-color flow cytometric protocol, an increased number of CXCR4 positive hematopoietic circulating progenitor cells (HCPCs) was detected in systemic sclerosis patients compared with healthy subjects.
- Coculture with human stromal cells induced expression of CD34 and CXCR4 on CB Lin(-)CD34(-) cells.
- Data indicate that megakaryopoiesis is controlled by a cascade pathway, in which PLZF suppresses miR-146a transcription and thereby activates CXCR4 translation.
- Data show that the COOH-terminal fragment of procollagen type I (C3) induces expression of VEGFA and CXCR4 in MDA MB 231 breast cancer cells.
- CXCR4 and c-Met are widely expressed in rhabdomyosarcoma and, at higher levels, in isolated marrow-infiltrating tumor cells
- Neuronal and endothelial cells exposed to VEGF up-regulated the expression of SDF-1alpha. CXCR4-positive tumor cells migrated toward a SDF-1alpha gradient in vitro, whereas inhibition of CXCR4 expression decreased their migration
- simultaneous expression and cooperation between CCR5 and CXCR4 are required for chemokine-induced T cell costimulation at the immunological synapse
- may play a role in the recruitment of CXCR4-positive dental pulp cells toward damaged sites
- Blocking CXCR7 can be useful for therapeutic interference with CXCR4-mediated activation of integrins.
- CXCL12 is also produced by human thymic dendritic cells (DCs), most of which express CXCR4 receptor
- High CXCR4 expression is associated with extrathyroidal extension, angiolymphatic invasion, and lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.
- CXCR4 and SDF1 are overexpressed in human pituitary adenomas
- The association between aberrant expression of CXCR4 in the nucleus of non-small cell lung cancer and metastasis to lymph nodes points toward a potential tumor metastasis promoting function of nuclear CXCR4.
- Disruption of the proline-rich region of Nef inhibits CXCR4-mediated T-cell migration to SDF-1 alpha.
- Binding to CXCR4 induces cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, which in turn inhibits TLR2-mediated proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses to the pathogen
- Our study defines a new role for the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the regulation of leukemic cell survival and differentiation
- HIV utilizes the Galphai-dependent signaling from the chemokine coreceptor CXCR4 to activate a cellular actin-depolymerizing factor, cofilin, to overcome the static cortical actin restriction in resting CD4 T cells.
- the CXCL12/CXCR4 system may play a role in tumor cell spread to lymph nodes and also in neoplastic development.
- CXCR4 bridged the SDF-1 dimer interface so that sulfotyrosines sTyr7 and sTyr12 of CXCR4 occupied positively charged clefts on opposing chemokine subunits.
- CCR5/CXCR4 chimeric receptors have roles in immunological failure in HIV-infected children
- Slits are negative regulators of Sdf1 and Cxcr4 in breast cancer cells.
- Sequential tyrosine sulfation of CXCR4 by tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases is reported.
- CXCR4 and CCR5 spontaneously form heterodimers and ligand-binding to CXCR4 or CCR5 causes different conformational changes affecting heterodimerization
- IGF-1 transgene expression induces massive stem cell mobilization via SDF-1alpha signaling and culminates in extensive angiomyogenesis in the infarcted heart.
- In gastric cancer, CXCL12/ CXCR4 axis seems to be more strongly associated with lymphatic or hematogenous metastasis than the establishment of peritoneal deposits.
- pO(2) must be considered a critical variable in conducting and interpreting studies of CXCR4 expression and regulation in leukemias
- CXCR4 could modulate the canonical Wnt pathway in pancreatic cancer progression.
- results implicate an important role for the CXCR4 signaling mechanism in glioma CSC biology and point to the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway in patients with glioblastoma multiforme
- infiltrated neutrophils from patients with chronic inflammatory lung diseases and rheumatoid arthritis highly express CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CXCR3, and CXCR4
- Results suggest that CXCR4 expression, histological patterns, and metastatic potential are closely related in adenoid cystic carcinoma.
- a role for NO in stimulating cytoplasmic CXCR4 expression in vitro; cytoplasmic CXCR4 expression may serve as a significant prognostic factor for long-term survival in breast cancer
- PaCa-derived CXCL8 and fibroblast-derived CXCL12 and corresponding receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4 cooperatively induce angiogenesis in vitro by promoting HUVEC proliferation, invasion, and tube formation
- analysis of how isothioureas block function of the chemokine receptor CXCR4
- Results suggest that activated moesin promotes F-actin redistribution and CD4-CXCR4 clustering and is also required for efficient X4-tropic HIV-1 infection in permissive lymphocytes.
- positive CXCL12 expression was related to a greater degree to tumor development in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, compared with CXCR4 expression
- CXCR4 has a role in VEGF expression and poor survival in soft-tissue sarcoma
- Robust expression of CXCR4/CXCL12 on inflammatory elements in MS lesions highlights a role of this chemokine/receptor pair in central nervous system inflammation.
- combination therapies that target CXCR4 and MT1-MMP should improve the limitations of the current therapies for metastatic melanoma.