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Validated All-in-One™ qPCR Primer for IL2(NM_000586.3) Search again
Product ID:
HQP009649
(click here to view gene annotation page)
Powered by BiozSpecies:
Human
Symbol:
Alias:
IL-2, TCGF, lymphokine
Gene Description:
interleukin 2
Target Gene Accession:
NM_000586.3(click here to view gene page)
Estimated Delivery:
Approximately 1-3 weeks, but may vary. Please email sales@genecopoeia.com or call 301-762-0888 to confirm ETA.
Important Note:
By default, qPCR primer pairs are designed to measure the expression level of the splice variant (accession number) you selected for this gene WITHOUT consideration of other possible variants of this gene. If this gene has multiple variants, and you would like to measure the expression levels of one particular variant, multiple variants, or all variants, please contact us for a custom service project at inquiry@genecopoeia.com.
Validated result:
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| A | B |
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Each All-in-One™ qPCR Primer is experimentally validated to yield a single dissociation curve peak and to generate a single amplification of the correct size for the targeted gene. A cDNA Pool, containing reverse transcript products of 8 different human tissue total RNA(Liver, Testis,Muscle,Thyroid,Brain,Spleen,Stomach,Small Intestine)),was used as the qPCR validation template. qPCR was performed using 0.2 µM primer with 2XAll-in-One™ qPCR Mix (Catalog#: QP001,QP002,QP004,QP005). Reactions were incubated for 10min. at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 sec.; 60°C, 20 sec. and 72°C, 15sec. using Bio-Rad iQ5™ Instrument. At the end of the last cycle, temperature was increased from 72 to 95°C to produce a melting curve. Panel A: Validated Result for Amplification Curve; Panel B: Validated Result for Melting Curve. |
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Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted cytokine that is important for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. The receptor of this cytokine is a heterotrimeric protein complex whose gamma chain is also shared by interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 7 (IL7). The expression of this gene in mature thymocytes is monoallelic, which represents an unusual regulatory mode for controlling the precise expression of a single gene. The targeted disruption of a similar gene in mice leads to ulcerative colitis-like disease, which suggests an essential role of this gene in the immune response to antigenic stimuli. [provided by RefSeq].
Gene References into function
- Primary T lymphocytes that exhibit avid specific melanoma antigen and tumor recognition can be retrovirally transduced, produce IL-2 and grow for over 8 weeks in the absence of IL-2, upon restimulation.
- kinetic mechanism of basal transcription at the IL-2 promoter using a human in vitro RNA polymerase II transcription system
- IL-2 plays an important and complex role in the immune system, serving as a growth factor, a differentiation factor, and a regulator of cell death.
- role in regulation of Toll-like receptor surface expression in human peripheral blood monocytes and B cells
- Molecular mechanism of NFAT family proteins for differential regulation of the IL-2 and TNF-alpha promoters.
- recombinant IL-2 treatment decreases P-glycoprotein activity and paclitaxel metabolism
- The in situ detection of interleukin-2 and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) has been documented in perinatal white matter lesions associated with periventricular leukomalacia.
- effect of hla-dr matching on acute rejection after heart transplantation influenced by il-2 polymorphism
- IL-2 directly affects NK cell migratory ability in vitro by rapid and direct down-regulation of chemokine receptor CXCR3 mRNA expression, a decrease associated with a significant reduction in chemotaxis in the presence of IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10.
- increased HIV replication in the thymus by inducing differentiation and expansion of mature CD27(+) thymocytes expressing CXCR4 or CCR5
- B-CLL patients with progressive disease had a significantly increased number of T cells spontaneously producing IL-2, IL-4 and GM-CSF, suggesting a role for T cells in the pathogenesis of B-CLL.
- Elevated IL-2 and IL-2 receptor serum levels correlated with the severity of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation, and evidence suggested that both act together in the development of cutaneous GVHD.
- IL-2 transcription in Jurkat cells is stimulated by a T cell receptor/DOCK2/Rac2 signal transduction pathway
- The proximal promoter region of the IL-2 gene can assemble into a rotationally and translationally positioned mononucleosome under chromatin reconstitution conditions in vitro and in vivo, maintaining an inactive IL-2 gene in resting T cells.
- The long-term immunologic effects of IL2 administered to HIV patients, including expansion of T-cell subsets and up-regulation of CD25 expression without increases in expression of the beta and gamma chains of the IL-2 receptor.
- The spectrin-ankyrin skeleton controls CD45 surface display and interleukin-2 production.
- mechanisms of IL-2-mediated prosurvival signaling in NK cells via an Akt-dependent pathway regulated by Syk and Rac1
- the higher capacity of CTL clones to produce IL-2 on their own seemed to be correlated with the in vivo efficacy for tumor eradication
- hypertonic stress increases T cell interleukin-2 expression through a mechanism that involves ATP release, P2 receptor, and p38 MAPK activation
- CD56+ NK cells exist in lymph nodes & endogenous T-cell-derived IL-2, acting through the NK high-affinity IL-2 receptor, costimulates them to secrete IFN-gamma. This is the 1st evidence of immunoregulation of innate immune lymphocytes by adaptive ones.
- A novel hematopoietic adaptor protein, Chat-H, positively regulates T cell receptor-mediated production of this protein in Jurkat cells.
- Nuclear export of NF90 is required for its interleukin-2 mRNA stabilization.
- IL-2 decreased the expression of ERK2 & increased the expression of ERK3. IL-2 increased the expression of PKCalpha, PKCdelta and PKCepsilon.
- endothelin-1 (ET-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and amino-terminal propeptide type III procollagen (PIII NP) can be used as markers for diagnosis of human cases infected with chronic and acute filariasis
- IL2 production is increased by FAP48-FKBP complexes
- no evidence for genetic association conferred by the -384 and 114 IL-2 SNP with respect to susceptibility and severity of rheumatoid arthritis.
- denaturation transitions in the secondary and tertiary structure of IL-2 suggest intermediates and possible relation to ligand binding and endocytic trafficking
- One synthetic fragment consisting of amino acids 22-58 contained 100% of the vasopermeability activity of IL-2 and was designated permeability-enhancing peptide (PEP).
- IL-2 deprivation raises the level of RC3 and other apoptotic factors, which induce apoptosis by increasing the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration
- IL-2 regulates homeostasis by modulating the equilibrium between proliferation and apoptotic cell death in T cells that have recently exited from the thymus as well as mature naive and memory T cell subsets.
- Genotype is associated with kidney transplantation rejection, but not with heart transplantation outcome.
- The mixed leukcyte culture model suggest that allorecognition upregulates IL-2 but not IL-15 expression.
- In all three groups of patients significant correlation was seen between abundance of IL-2 vs. IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, or TNF-alpha, between IL-4 vs. IL-10, and between TNF-alpha vs. INF-gamma
- IL-2 secretion from rat T9.F glioma cells enhances tumorigenesis when the tumor is implanted in the brain; in contrast, IL-2-secreting T9.F glioma cells are completely rejected when implanted in the periphery, resulting in tumor-specific immunity.
- expression of alleles of the genes encoding IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, and IL-13 in CD4(+) T cell clones
- Upon prolonged culture (down phase), human T cells undergo an IL-2-dependent switch from type II signaling to type I signaling cells that renders T cells sensitive to CD95-mediated activation-induced cell death.
- Number of CD8+/IL-2 cells significantly higher in elderly trained than in elderly untrained.
- IL-2 activates not only STAT3, STAT5, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 pathway, but also STAT4 as in NK cells, and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway as in alpha beta T cells.
- Because IL-2 regulates gene expression through the interactions of transcription factors with IFN-gamma activated sequence and Ets binding site motifs, it is likely that IL-2 influences CD94 gene expression through formation of DNA-protein complexes.
- The development of breast tumour is associated with an increased expression of IL-2 and this expression also seems to be associated with the malignancy of the tumour.
- analysis of IL-2 and IFN-gamma transcript levels, produced in stimulated Jurkat cells, showed an increased expression of both cytokines in CLA-treated cells
- Intensive GVHD prophylaxis is needed for patients with at least one IL-2 G allele.
- Overexpression of KRC in transformed and primary T cells leads to increased IL-2 production
- IL-2(-/-) mucosa exhibits impaired electroneutral Na(+)-Cl(-) absorption and electrogenic Na(+) transport due to reduced mRNA and protein expression of NHE3 and ENaC beta- and gamma-subunit mRNA.
- transcriptional activation of IL-2 requires MEF2 and other cytokine genes and collaborates with NFAT
- In the present work have found that IL2 promoter-luciferase constructs, transfected in Jurkat cell line, showed twofold higher levels of gene expression in the -330 G allele.
- Treatment with interleukin-2 (IL-2) corrected the functional defects of NK cells by affecting their ability to bind to sensitive target cells and to accumulate F-actin in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome cells
- IL-2 and TGF-beta trigger a cytokine-dependent self-perpetuating loop to sustain specific T regulatory cell suppressive activity.
- concetration in children with acute lymphoblbastic leukemia after chemotherapy
- serine 114 phosphorylation and nuclear localization of RIIbeta controls the regulation of IL-2 gene expression in T cells.
- IL-2 is required to terminate experimentally induced clonal t-cell anergy.
- IL-2 and/or IL-12 genes injected directly into spleen increase serum IL-2 and IL-12 levels and enhance NK cell activity, which may inhibit liver tumor growth. Therapy of fused gene IL-2/IL-12 is of low toxicity and relatively high NK cell activity.
- interleukin-2 transcriptionally regulates interferon-gamma
- Data provide evidence that B-Raf is a positive regulator of T cell receptor-mediated sustained ERK activation, which is required for NFAT activation and the full production of IL-2.
- Interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-2 reciprocally regulate expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 through selective NFAT1- and NFAT2-dependent mechanisms
- dendritic cell-produced IL-2 is tightly coregulated with the expression of IL-15.
- low-density shock waves enhance IL-2 expression through a mechanism that involves p38 MAPK activation
- comparative study of the IL2 effect on NK cell subpopulations present on PB stem cell collections from healthy individuals and patients with hematologic malignancies
- Endogenous melatonin is an essential part for an accurate response of human lymphocytes through the modulation of IL-2/IL-2 receptor system.
- Interleukins 2 and 15 regulate Ets1 expression via ERK1/2 and MNK1 in human natural killer cells
- ability of endoplasmic reticulum-retained IL-2 to provide autocrine growth stimulation to natural killer cells
- During the IL-2-induced heart graft rejection process, infiltrated T cells become more sensitive to apoptosis.
- Absence of endogenous IL-2 in knockout mice affects cholinergic but not GABAergic septohippocampal projection neuron cell bodies in the medial septum with alterations in neuronal cell number and production of neurotrophins BDNF and NGF.
- Recombinant human IL-2 combined with IL-12 and recombinant IL-18 induces phenotypic and functional changes in murine thymocytes that alter migration, differentiation, and cell death of immature T cells in the thymus and potentially affect Th1/Th2 bias.
- the lower stability of zeta mRNA/exon 7(-) might be responsible for the reduced expression of the TCR/CD3 complex, including zeta protein, in SLE T cells
- Results identify calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IV as being responsible for the increased expression of CREM and the decreased production of interleukin-2 in systemic lupus erythematosus T cells.
- failure of IL-2 secretion, as opposed to physical deletion or complete functional unresponsiveness, appears to be an important determinant of the status of CD4+ T cell populations in chronic hepatitis C infection.
- gene polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of gastric atrophy induced by H. pylori infection and might predispose to gastric cancer.
- We then showed that AICAR inhibited PMA/Io-induced IL-2 mRNA expression and IL-2 promoter activation.
- Neither white or African American casrriers of IL2(-385)G had incerased risk of spontaneous preterm birth.
- No statistically significant difference in the distribution of IL-2 genotypes between patients with stable graft function and acute kidney allograft rejection.
- IL-15 but not IL-2 may have a role in xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease
- A quantitative relationship is established between receptor alpha subunit binding affinity and mitogenic activity for IL-2 and IL-15.
- a significant association of the IL-2 -330 TT genotype and of the IL-4 -590 CC genotype with schizophrenia could be identified
- Simian immunodeficiency virus derived from African green monkeys (SIVagm3) is a potent activator of IL-2 gene expression.
- Study of structure by nuclear magnetic resonance.
- interleukin-2-stimulated human T-lymphocytes are regulated by Rho signaling pathways
- ALX exerts its effect on IL-2 up-regulation in the cytoplasm and responds to TCR and CD28 signaling
- TAK1 plays a critical role in T cell activation by controlling production of IL-2.
- the crystal structure, at 2.3 A resolution, of the quaternary complex of IL-2 with the extracellular domains of receptors IL-2R alpha, IL-2Rss, and gamma c.
- The crystal structure of the trimeric assembly of the human IL-2 receptor ectodomains in complex with IL-2 at 3.0 A resolution was described.
- When T cells were stimulated under weak stimulation conditions, pharmaceutical and molecular p38 inhibitors induced a dramatic increase of IL-2 production.
- IL-2 in human milk may provide the suckling infant with important immunological signals during a significant stage of T cell development
- Endogenous IL-2 plays a key role in rendering resident naive CD4 T cells susceptible to HIV infection.
- Th cell-derived IL-2 paradoxically controls both tolerance and immunity to a tumor/self-Ag in vivo
- IL-2 was analyzed for different T-cell subsets from 20 normal subjects (mean age 33.5 years) and reference values were defined.
- sIL-2R and IL-6, but not IL-2, IL-4, or IL-10, may have a role in preventing progression of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- IL2 and GMCSF do not cause a cumulative gain in peripheral dendritic cell counts or an increase in myeloid BDCA-1+ BDCA-2- dendritic cell subset in the peripheral blood.
- As compared to the control material, in livers of both groups of chronic hepatitis C patients augmented expression of IL-2 was demonstrated.
- IL-2 and IL-6 in saliva may have roles in development of burning mouth syndrome
- serum IL-1beta and TNF-alpha are increased, and IL-2 and IL-6 are decreased in newly diagnosed IDDM patients
- Response to Th1 cytokines suggests they may play a significant role in modulating NKCA following a strenuous bout of aerobic exercise when carbohydrate is consumed.
- all-trans retinoic acid(RA), via RA receptor, stimulates IL-2-induced signaling in a JAK-dependent manner to enhance cyclin D3 expression and thereby promote T cell proliferation
- Both early interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production independently predict subsequent memory responses at 3 months in malaria-naive volunteers; IL-2 inversely correlates with resting memory at 9 months in malaria-exposed subjects.
- The early induction of IP-10 and IL-2, as well as the subsequent over-production of IL-6 and lack of IL-10 production, probably contribute to the main immuno-pathological processes involved in lung injury in SARS.
- The data suggest that PKD2 is involved in IL-2 promoter regulation and cell death depending on its activity upon TCR stimulation in Jurkat cells.
- AMPK mediates IL-2 production by regulating NF-AT and AP-1activation during T cell stimulation.
- IL-2 has a distinct inductive effect on APOBEC3G (A3G) deoxycytidine deaminase gene expression and A3G complex assembly that occur in natural cellular targets of human immunodeficiency virus infection.
- significant difference in distribution of the genotype of the IL-2 gene polymorphism between the prostate cancer group and the control group
- an impaired, but not abolished, survival response to IL-2 and IL-15 accounts for the persistent lack of NK cells and the transient CD8 alphabeta T lymphopenia associated with familial NK cell deficiency
- Quantitative measurement of cytokine IL-2 regulated gene expression may represent a method to assess the efficacy of calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplantation.
- HNP enhanced the interaction between A549 cells and CD4+ lymphocytes by increasing cell adhesion and release of IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-8. This was attenuated by using an alpha1-proteinase inhibitor to neutralize HNP.
- the amount of NF-ATc2 bound to the promoters of CD154 (CD40L) and IL-2 genes in SLE; although high NF-ATc2 levels translated into higher CD154 transcription in SLE, IL-2 transcription was decreased
- IL-2 core promoter contains a TATA box that is critical for inducible expression
- IL-18-105A/C but not IL-2 polymorphism may play an effective role in rheumatoid arthritis
- polymorphic variations of pro-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis
- IL2 gene polymorphisms may be involved in susceptibility to systemic sclerosis.
- CXCR3 expression on mononuclear cells and CXCR3 ligands in renal cell carcinoma is increased in response to systemic IL-2 therapy
- IL-2 levels are higher in nontransplanted than in transplanted liver patients with hepatitis C.
- a novel pathway in intestinal enterocytes in which IL-2 enhances intestinal wound repair through mechanisms involving Jak3 and its interactions with villin.
- rIL-2 induced IL-9 production by 8 out of 19 Th clones. Synthesis of IL-9, a Th2 cytokine, is dependent on IL-2, a Th1 cytokine, which is produced by Th cells themselves.
- Genetic variation in a linkage disequilibrium block encompassing the KIAA1109-TENR-IL2-IL21 genes predisposes to celiac disease.
- IL-2 induced regulation of Sgk1 and a role of the IL-2 receptor and Sgk1 in the regulation of epithelial tumor cell death and survival.
- the inhibitory effect of PA, SA, DHA, and EPA on lymphocyte proliferation observed in our previous study was attributable to a decrease in JAK/STAT, ERK, and Akt pathways activated by IL-2.
- Provide novel insights into the temporal regulation of gene expression during IL-2 deprivation-induced T lymphocyte apoptosis.
- -330*G allele significantly increased in Korean psoriasis patients, especially late-onset group
- there is a strong association between the maintenance of highly functional CD4 T cells producing IFNgamma, IL-2, and TNFalpha and control of HIV-1
- This study showed FR235222 inhibits IL-2 gene expression via a different mechanism to cyclosporin and FK506, and that FR235222 has the ability to inhibit NF-kappaB activity.
- INFL reduced IFN-gamma- mRNA and, to a lesser extent, IL-6-mRNA; it also reduced the T-cell-derived cytokine IL-2.
- A statistically significant increase of IL-2, TNF-alpha, and leptin concentr. was observed in patients from stage I to stage III of NSCLC. These findings suggest that IL-2, TNF-alpha, and the leptin play an important role in the cancerogenesis of NSCLC.
- The fraction of CD3+ and CD4+ T-cells producing IL 2 was significantly lower in untreated Behcets disease and Ankylosing spondylitis patients compared to healthy controls
- analysis of the the pro-tolerogenic nature of IL-2 dependent signaling [review]
- Fusion of interleukin 2 (IL2) to the N terminus of R336A-aerolysin results in a hybrid that has little or no activity against cells that do not have an IL2 receptor.
- Results demonstrate variable expression of IL-2 and its receptor in various types of lung tumours, but no simple relationship could be detected between tissue expression of the markers and proliferative activity.
- Possible effects of genetic polymorphisms in the susceptibility to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
- Donor cipient alleles for TNFA)238 and IL2)330 66 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were analysed by PCR-SSP. No association was observed between the risk of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and these SNP.
- IL-2 selectively enhanced production of IL-10 in HOZOT primarily through activation of STAT5, which synergistically acts with NF-kappaB/NFAT activation, implying a novel regulatory mechanism of IL-10 production in Treg cells.
- PTSD may be associated with a reduced level of serum IL-8, and traumatic survivors may be associated with a lower level of serum IL-2.
- Interleukin-2, interleukin-12, and interferon-gamma levels and risk of young adult Hodgkin lymphoma
- CD28 costimulation activates AKT to phosphorylate NF90 at Ser647 and phosphorylation triggers NF90 to relocate to the cytoplasm and stabilize IL-2 mRNA.
- The suppression of IL-2 induction was solely due to the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation as the mutations did not impair the activation of AP-1 and NFAT.
- TGF-beta inhibits effector/memory peripheral blood T lymphoblast proliferation and IL-2 production.
- The risk of progression and chronic course of viral hepatitides in Caucasian population was associated with alleles of promoter regions -330G and -592A in the IL-2 and IL-10 genes
- Elite controllers of HIV-1 infection represent a distinct group of individuals who have significantly more CD4 and CD8 T cells that secrete interferon-gamma and interleukin-2
- IL-2Rbeta chains form IL-2 binding homodimers
- The effect of IL-2 on angiogenesis and tube formation was mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species and Akt.
- IL2/FOXP3-dependent negative feedback loop that normally regulates the T cell immune response
- IL-2 and IL-15 differentially regulate PI3K and IL-17RA
- A significant association with the IL2 region was found in Scandinavian coeliac disease families.
- Data suggest that PLD2 is an early player upstream of the Ras-ERK1/2-IL-2 pathway in T-cells via phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol production.
- proper regulation of DUSP5 activity is critical for normal immune system development, IL-2 actions, and tolerance
- [review]
- The data indicate the association of IL-2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with human IDCM. Additionally, the T allele of the IL-2 gene promoter at position -384 may increase the risk of developing IDCM.
- There was no difference in relation to IL-2 and IL-4 promoter polymorphism influencing renal allograft survival.
- Data show that there is no significant association of IL-2 gene with schizophrenia in Japanese population using either single marker or haplotype analyses.
- Inability of mixed lymphocytes to respond to HPIV3 infected antigen-presenting cells is due to an Il-2-dependent, nonapoptotic mechanism involving NK cells and their influence is exerted in contact dependent manner.
- Serum IL-2 levels were significantly decreased in patients with burning mouth syndrome compared with controls.
- Cervical and vulvar SCC risk among cigarette smokers is modified by genetic variation in IL2.
- results suggest that IL-2 G/T polymorphism may be involved in the genetic background of Taiwanese systemic lupus erythematosus
- Myelin cross-reactive T cells produced IFN-gamma, but differed from EBNA1-monospecific cells in their capability to produce interleukin-2.
- L19-IL2 efficiently inhibits the growth of orthotopic pancreatic cancer
- IL-2 producing memory T cells are important for B cell differentiation into IgG-producing plasma cells
- CD4(+)TNFalpha(+)IL-2(-)T cells are intrathecally upregulated in multiple sclerosis
- An IL-2-STAT5 signaling axis is involved in expression of IL-10 by human regulatory T cells, an axis that is regulated by the intronic enhancer and epigenetic modification of this element.
- BACH2 expression is necessary to maintain IL-2 production when NFAT1 protein is reduced, potentially impacting umbilical cord blood graft CD4(+) T-cell allogeneic responses
- combination IL-2/IL-4 inhibits GCRalpha nuclear translocation in human T cells, and this effect is reversed by IFN-gamma via inhibition of p38 MAPK activation.
- Genetic variation in IL-2 and CD25 regions may promote T1D susceptibility by influencing transcription and/or splicing and hence IL-2 and CD25 expression at the protein level in different immune cell subsets.
- association between IL-2 polymorphisms and bronchial asthma in Macedonian population
- Human fg12 contributes to the hypercoagulability in cancer and may induce tumor angiogenesis and metastasis via interferon gamma and IL-2 induction.
- Results show a novel connection between melatonin membrane receptor signalling and RORalpha expression, opening a new way to understand melatonin regulation in lymphocyte physiology.