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Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (PNS) Antigen Array, 34-Plex

Product Information

Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (PNS) and autoimmune encephalitis (AE) are both autoantibody-related neurological disorders, but PNS is a subset of AE specifically triggered by cancer. Both conditions involve the immune system attacking the brain due to mistaken identity, with PNS occurring when the immune response against a hidden tumor also targets neural tissues. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical symptoms, MRI, CSF analysis, and specific autoantibody testing, with treatment focused on addressing the underlying cancer for PNS and on immunosuppression for AE.

Autoantibodies associated with PNS and AE are classified by their target, which can be intracellular or on the surface of neural cells. Common intracellular autoantibodies include anti-Hu, anti-Ri, anti-CRMP5, anti-amphiphysin, anti-Ma1, and anti-Ma2, are often called “high-risk” autoantibodies and generally thought to be markers for an underlying cancer. Autoantibodies targeting neural surface antigens, such as those in autoimmune encephalitis include anti-NMDA, anti-AMPA, anti-LGI1, and anti-CASPR2, are considered pathogenic, as they can directly damage neurons, and are associated with better responses to immunotherapy.
The 34 antigens included in GeneCopoeia’s OmicsArray™ PNS and AE antigen array were chosen based on the comprehensive review of published studies. The superior-quality purified antigens were coated onto the 3D surface of microchips to ensure that antigens retain their natural conformations. Internal Ig and anti-Ig controls are included in each array for normalization and quantification purposes. Additionally, the utilization of fluorescent 2nd antibodies in our microarrays allows for the detection of two types (IgG, IgM, or IgA) of antibodies on the same array, minimizing the requirement of sample needed.

Reference:

In addition to premade arrays, arrays containing customized sets of antigens are available, as well as array processing kits, array profiling services and data analysis. To order premade or custom arrays, please contact us.

GeneCopoeia’s OmicsArray™ Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (PNS) Antigen Array is part of the GeneCopoeia OmicsArray™ Antigen Microarray family.

Premade Antigen Arrays

The listed chip prices apply to academic customers. For custom arrays and services pricing, please contact us

Buy Cat. No.Product NameNumber of AntigensApplicationAntigen ListChip Price ($)Service price
PA024OmicsArray™ Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (PNS) Antigen Array34Large scale detection of autoantibodies associated with Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS), autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and autoimmune neuronopathy.Download850Inquiry
User Manual
Prices are for customers from the U.S. and Canada only. For other customers, please contact your local distributor for details.

Antigen microarray processing kits and accessories

Buy Cat. No.Product NameApplicationPrice ($)
PA100OmicsArray™ Antigen Microarray Processing Kit, humanfor processing up to 3 slides, or 45 human samples187
PA101OmicsArray™ Antigen Microarray Processing Kit, mousefor processing up to 3 slides, or 45 mouse samples187
PA105OmicsArray™ Antigen Microarray Slides incubation chamber set3 chambers and 1 rack, for processing 3-slides130
PA106OmicsArray™ Antigen Microarray Slides incubation chamber1 chamber, for processing 1-slide42
User Manual SDS
Prices are for customers from the U.S. and Canada only. For other customers, please contact your local distributor for details.

 

Custom services

GeneCopoeia offers custom antigen microarray services in the following areas:
  • Custom array printing. GeneCopoeia will create custom antigen microarrays built to your specifications.
  • Sample processing. Send us your blood, plasma, tissue, or other biological sample and we will prepare it for processing and incubation with any of our premade antigen microarrays or custom-built antigen microarrays for autoantibody profiling and other applications. For information on sample types to submit, consult the FAQ
  • Data analysis. Once samples are processed and incubated with an antigen microarray, we will analyze the raw data. The standard analysis service includes: 1) An Excel file of the Net Signal Intensity (NSI) for each antigen on the array, normalized to internal controls; and 2) a heat map
Additional analysis services, including proteomic analysis, pathway analysis, and more, are also available.

To inquire about custom antigen microarray products and services, please fill out our custom quote request form.

⇒Return to the main OmicsArray™ Antigen Microarray page

E3 ubiquitin ligases

Introduction

E3 ubiquitin ligases are key components of the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS), selecting and tagging target proteins for degradation or regulation. They are responsible for selecting and labelling target proteins for degradation or regulation. The UPS system is the main mechanism by which cells degrade proteins. Its core function involves the coordinated action of E1s, E2s and E3 ubiquitin ligases, which work together to attach ubiquitin molecules to target proteins and mark them for proteasomal degradation. E3 ligases recognise specific substrate proteins and transfer ubiquitin to lysine residues on these proteins.
With over 600 members, they control vital processes such as cell cycle, DNA repair, and immune signaling. Dysregulated E3 activity drives cancer, neurodegeneration, and inflammation, making E3s important targets for mechanistic studies and drug development.

Fig. Overview of the cascade process of ubiquitination. 

Genecopoeia offers E3 ubiquitin ligases clone set for mechanistic studies and drug development.

Clone set information

Cat. no. Species Genes Vector Vector Type Price
OC-GF026-M02 Human 607 pReceiver-M02 Expression-ready Non-viral Inquire
OC-GF026-M35 Human 607 pReceiver-M35 Expression-ready Non-viral Inquire
OC-GF026-M98 Human 607 pReceiver-M98 Expression-ready Non-viral Inquire
OC-GF026-Lv105 Human 607 pReceiver-Lv105 Expression-ready Lentiviral Inquire
OC-GF026-Lv242 Human 607 pReceiver-Lv242 Expression-ready Lentiviral Inquire

Clone list

For clone list please contact us at 1-301-762-0888 or inquiry@genecopoeia.com if you have any questions.
Symbol Accession Species Description ORF length(bp) Product ID
TRAF2 NM_021138.4 Human Homo sapiens TNF receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2), mRNA. 1506 GC-A1295
TRAF6 NM_004620.4 Human Homo sapiens TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), transcript variant 2, mRNA. 1569 GC-I3719
MDM2 NM_002392.6 Human Homo sapiens MDM2 proto-oncogene (MDM2), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1494 GC-Z2484
TRAF3 NM_145725.3 Human Homo sapiens TNF receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1707 GC-H0235
BIRC2 NM_001256163.1 Human Homo sapiens baculoviral IAP repeat containing 2 (BIRC2), transcript variant 2, mRNA. 1857 GC-B0151
BIRC3 NM_001165.5 Human Homo sapiens baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3 (BIRC3), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1815 GC-Z7357
XIAP NM_001167.4 Human Homo sapiens X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1494 GC-H4489
SOCS3 NM_003955.5 Human Homo sapiens suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 678 GC-N0037
RBX1 NM_014248.4 Human Homo sapiens ring-box 1 (RBX1), mRNA. 327 GC-R0022
TRAF5 NM_001033910.3 Human Homo sapiens TNF receptor associated factor 5 (TRAF5), transcript variant 3, mRNA. 1674 GC-K1738
MAP3K1 NM_005921.2 Human Homo sapiens mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MAP3K1), mRNA. 4539 GC-Y4393
BTRC NM_033637.4 Human Homo sapiens beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (BTRC), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1818 GC-Z1059
FBXW11 NM_012300.3 Human Homo sapiens F-box and WD repeat domain containing 11 (FBXW11), transcript variant 3, mRNA. 1629 GC-Z2736
SOCS1 NM_003745.2 Human Homo sapiens suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), mRNA. 636 GC-K2201
CBL NM_005188.4 Human Homo sapiens Cbl proto-oncogene (CBL), mRNA. 2721 GC-A1309
SKP2 NM_005983.4 Human Homo sapiens S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (SKP2), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1275 GC-H1844
BRCA1 NM_007300.4 Human Homo sapiens BRCA1 DNA repair associated (BRCA1), transcript variant 2, mRNA. 5655 GC-Z8230
CBLB NM_001321788.2 Human Homo sapiens Cbl proto-oncogene B (CBLB), transcript variant 3, mRNA. 2949 GC-Z7996
PML NM_033238.3 Human Homo sapiens PML nuclear body scaffold (PML), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 2649 GC-X0910
TNFAIP3 NM_001270507.2 Human Homo sapiens TNF alpha induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), transcript variant 2, mRNA. 2373 GC-K6040
PRKN NM_004562.3 Human Homo sapiens parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PRKN), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1398 GC-Q0218
KEAP1 NM_012289.4 Human Homo sapiens kelch like ECH associated protein 1 (KEAP1), transcript variant 2, mRNA. 1875 GC-M0487
SMURF1 NM_020429.3 Human Homo sapiens SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (SMURF1), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 2274 GC-T4829
SMURF2 NM_022739.4 Human Homo sapiens SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2), mRNA. 2247 GC-W1022
ANAPC11 NM_001002244.2 Human Homo sapiens anaphase promoting complex subunit 11 (ANAPC11), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 591 GC-Z2100
BIRC7 NM_139317.3 Human Homo sapiens baculoviral IAP repeat containing 7 (BIRC7), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 897 GC-W1020
SOCS2 NM_001270471.2 Human Homo sapiens suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), transcript variant 6, mRNA. 597 GC-I0120
ITCH NM_001324197.2 Human Homo sapiens itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (ITCH), transcript variant 4, mRNA. 2712 GC-T7640
DDB1 NM_001923.5 Human Homo sapiens damage specific DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1), mRNA. 3423 GC-M0025
BMI1 NM_005180.9 Human Homo sapiens BMI1 proto-oncogene, polycomb ring finger (BMI1), mRNA. 981 GC-B0015
SIAH1 NM_001006610.2 Human Homo sapiens siah E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (SIAH1), transcript variant 2, mRNA. 942 GC-Z1429
SOCS4 NM_199421.2 Human Homo sapiens suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 (SOCS4), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1323 GC-T3502
VHL NM_000551.4 Human Homo sapiens von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 642 GC-K5438
ZBTB17 NM_003443.3 Human Homo sapiens zinc finger and BTB domain containing 17 (ZBTB17), transcript variant 2, mRNA. 2412 GC-M0431
NEDD4L NM_015277.6 Human Homo sapiens NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (NEDD4L), transcript variant d, mRNA. 2868 GC-T8639
DPF1 NM_001135156.3 Human Homo sapiens double PHD fingers 1 (DPF1), transcript variant 3, mRNA. 999 GC-Z5756
RBCK1 NM_031229.4 Human Homo sapiens RANBP2-type and C3HC4-type zinc finger containing 1 (RBCK1), transcript variant 2, mRNA. 1533 GC-A1611
RNF31 NM_017999.5 Human Homo sapiens ring finger protein 31 (RNF31), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 3219 GC-Z1067
TRAF4 NM_004295.4 Human Homo sapiens TNF receptor associated factor 4 (TRAF4), mRNA. 1413 GC-T0396
TRIM25 NM_005082.5 Human Homo sapiens tripartite motif containing 25 (TRIM25), mRNA. 1893 GC-A3061
VPS11 NM_021729.6 Human Homo sapiens VPS11 core subunit of CORVET and HOPS complexes (VPS11), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 2826 GC-Z7830
VPS41 NM_014396.4 Human Homo sapiens VPS41 subunit of HOPS complex (VPS41), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 2565 GC-A3049
NSD2 NM_133335.4 Human Homo sapiens nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 2 (NSD2), transcript variant 3, mRNA. 4098 GC-W0268
BCL6 NM_001130845.2 Human Homo sapiens BCL6 transcription repressor (BCL6), transcript variant 2, mRNA. 2121 GC-Z6442
ZBTB16 NM_001018011.3 Human Homo sapiens zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16 (ZBTB16), transcript variant 2, mRNA. 2022 GC-T0615
UBE3A NM_000462.5 Human Homo sapiens ubiquitin protein ligase E3A (UBE3A), transcript variant 2, mRNA. 2628 GC-H1407
AMFR NM_001144.6 Human Homo sapiens autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR), transcript variant 3, mRNA. 1932 GC-T9295
CBLC NM_012116.4 Human Homo sapiens Cbl proto-oncogene C (CBLC), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1425 GC-A3125
FANCL NM_001114636.2 Human Homo sapiens FA complementation group L (FANCL), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1143 GC-Z6242
MGRN1 NM_015246.4 Human Homo sapiens mahogunin ring finger 1 (MGRN1), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1731 GC-Y2081

Immune Checkpoint

Introduction

Immune checkpoints are regulators of the immune system. The recognition of the antigenic peptide-MHC I/II complex on antigen presenting cells (APCs) through the T cell receptor (TCR) initiates T cell–mediated immunity. However, additional co-stimulatory signals are required for T cells to become fully activated. Once activated, T cells proliferate and migrate to sites of inflammation where they attack cells expressing relevant antigens, and destroy them either directly or indirectly through other effector cells or factors (e.g., perforins and granzymes).

These pathways are crucial for self-tolerance, which prevents the immune system from attacking cells indiscriminately. However, some cancers can protect themselves from attack by stimulating immune checkpoint targets.

Co-stimulatory molecules deliver positive signals to T cells following their binding to ligands and receptors on APCs. Inhibitory (checkpoint) molecules deliver negative signals to T cells upon interaction with their counterparts on the APCs. The classic immune checkpoint consists of co-inhibitory receptors (CTLA-4, PD-1, TIGIT, LAG-3), which inhibit T-cell function and co-stimulatory receptors (GITR, 4-1BB, OX40, CD40) which stimulate T cell activation. Research on the co-inhibitory receptor CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4) and PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) showed significantly improved survival rates of patients with metastatic solid tumors after inhibition of these receptor pathways. Therefore, antibody drugs against immune checkpoints for cancer, tumors and other diseases therapeutics is a key mode in cancer therapy.

Clone set information

Immune Co-inhibitors
Cat. no. Species Gene Vector Vector Type Price
OC-GF024-M02 Human 30 pReceiver-M02 Expression-ready Non-viral Inquire
OC-GF024-M35 Human 30 pReceiver-M35 Expression-ready Non-viral Inquire
OC-GF024-M98 Human 30 pReceiver-M98 Expression-ready Non-viral Inquire
OC-GF024-Lv105 Human 30 pReceiver-Lv105 Expression-ready Lentiviral Inquire
OC-GF024-Lv242 Human 30 pReceiver-Lv242 Expression-ready Lentiviral Inquire

Clone list

For clone list please contact us at 1-301-762-0888 or inquiry@genecopoeia.com if you have any questions.
Symbol Accession Species Description ORF length(bp) Product ID
CEACAM1 NM_001712.5 Human Homo sapiens CEA cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1581 GC-Z2556
CD80 NM_005191.4 Human Homo sapiens CD80 molecule (CD80), mRNA. 867 GC-O0030
CD86 NM_175862.5 Human Homo sapiens CD86 molecule (CD86), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 990 GC-L8743
CD47 NM_001777.4 Human Homo sapiens CD47 molecule (CD47), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 972 GC-U0047
CTLA4 NM_005214.5 Human Homo sapiens cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 672 GC-A3028
LAG3 NM_002286.6 Human Homo sapiens lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3), mRNA. 1578 GC-Z5714
LGALS9 NM_009587.3 Human Homo sapiens galectin 9 (LGALS9), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1068 GC-Z4557
PDCD1 NM_005018.3 Human Homo sapiens programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1), mRNA. 867 GC-B0169
PVR NM_006505.5 Human Homo sapiens PVR cell adhesion molecule (PVR), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1254 GC-A4288
NECTIN1 NM_002855.5 Human Homo sapiens nectin cell adhesion molecule 1 (NECTIN1), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1554 GC-Q0038
NECTIN2 NM_002856.3 Human Homo sapiens nectin cell adhesion molecule 2 (NECTIN2), transcript variant alpha, mRNA. 1440 GC-Q0036
TNFRSF14 NM_003820.4 Human Homo sapiens TNF receptor superfamily member 14 (TNFRSF14), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 852 GC-A3425
CD96 NM_001318889.2 Human Homo sapiens CD96 molecule (CD96), transcript variant 3, mRNA. 1209 GC-A8617
CD226 NM_001303618.2 Human Homo sapiens CD226 molecule (CD226), transcript variant 2, mRNA. 1011 GC-A3358
CD160 NM_007053.4 Human Homo sapiens CD160 molecule (CD160), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 546 GC-W0229
HHLA2 NM_007072.4 Human Homo sapiens HHLA2 member of B7 family (HHLA2), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1245 GC-U0455
NECTIN3 NM_015480.3 Human Homo sapiens nectin cell adhesion molecule 3 (NECTIN3), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1650 GC-U1397
SIGLEC7 NM_014385.4 Human Homo sapiens sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 7 (SIGLEC7), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1404 GC-W1253
SIGLEC9 NM_001198558.1 Human Homo sapiens sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 9 (SIGLEC9), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1440 GC-Z8608
CD274 NM_014143.4 Human Homo sapiens CD274 molecule (CD274), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 873 GC-U0767
VSIR NM_022153.2 Human Homo sapiens V-set immunoregulatory receptor (VSIR), mRNA. 936 GC-H4647
PVRIG NM_024070.3 Human Homo sapiens poliovirus receptor related immunoglobulin domain containing (PVRIG), mRNA. 981 GC-A3962
VTCN1 NM_024626.4 Human Homo sapiens V-set domain containing T cell activation inhibitor 1 (VTCN1), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 849 GC-T1376
PDCD1LG2 NM_025239.4 Human Homo sapiens programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PDCD1LG2), mRNA. 822 GC-A3610
CD276 NM_001024736.2 Human Homo sapiens CD276 molecule (CD276), transcript variant 1, mRNA. 1605 GC-Z3060
HAVCR2 NM_032782.5 Human Homo sapiens hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), mRNA. 906 GC-A3483
KIR3DL3 NM_153443.5 Human Homo sapiens killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, three Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 3 (KIR3DL3), mRNA. 1233 GC-A4373
BTLA NM_001085357.2 Human Homo sapiens B and T lymphocyte associated (BTLA), transcript variant 2, mRNA. 726 GC-E3429
TIGIT NM_173799.4 Human Homo sapiens T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), mRNA. 735 GC-T6601
SIGLEC15 NM_213602.3 Human Homo sapiens sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 15 (SIGLEC15), mRNA. 987 GC-Y3308